"staunch" meaning in English

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "staunchly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "staunchness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂g-",
        "4": "*steh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "staunch"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English staunch",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stanch",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "estaunche"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman estaunche",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estanche",
        "t": "firm; watertight"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estanche (“firm; watertight”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "étanche",
        "t": "airtight; watertight"
      },
      "expansion": "French étanche (“airtight; watertight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "étancher"
      },
      "expansion": "French étancher",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*stagnicāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *stagnicāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "stāgnum",
        "t": "piece of standing water, pond; fen, swamp"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin stāgnum (“piece of standing water, pond; fen, swamp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂g-",
        "t": "to drip; to seep"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to drip; to seep”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "|",
      "name": "!"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*stānticāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *stānticāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "stans",
        "4": "stāns, stāntis",
        "t": "standing; remaining, staying"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin stāns, stāntis (“standing; remaining, staying”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂-",
        "t": "to stand (up)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "stanco",
        "t": "bored; tired"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian stanco (“bored; tired”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "estanque",
        "t": "watertight"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese estanque (“watertight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rm",
        "2": "staunza",
        "t": "a room"
      },
      "expansion": "Romansch staunza (“a room”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "estanco",
        "t": "closed, sealed; airtight; watertight"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish estanco (“closed, sealed; airtight; watertight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English staunch, staunche (“(adjective) in good condition or repair; solidly made, firm; watertight; of a person or wound: not bleeding; certain; intact; (adverb) firmly, soundly”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman estaunche, Old French estanche (“firm; watertight”) (modern French étanche (“airtight; watertight”)), a variant of estanc (“a pond”), from estanchier (“to stop the flow of a liquid (blood, water, etc.); to make (something) watertight; to quench (thirst)”) (modern French étancher), possibly from one of the following:\n* From Vulgar Latin *stagnicāre, from Latin stāgnum (“piece of standing water, pond; fen, swamp”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to drip; to seep”).\n* From Vulgar Latin *stānticāre, from *stānticus (“tired”), from Latin stāns, stāntis (“standing; remaining, staying”). Stāns is the present active participle of stō (“to stand; to remain, stay”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”).\ncognates\n* Italian stanco (“bored; tired”)\n* Portuguese estanque (“watertight”)\n* Romansch staunza (“a room”)\n* Spanish estanco (“closed, sealed; airtight; watertight”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stauncher",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunchest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "staunch (comparative stauncher, superlative staunchest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 346, column 2:",
          "text": "Yet if I knevv, / VVhat Hoope ſhould hold vs ſtaunch from edge to edge / Ath'vvorld [of the world]: I vvould perſue it.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Great Storm Described, the Long-Boat Sent to Fetch Water, the Author Goes with It to Discover the Country. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page 153:",
          "text": "Our Proviſions held out vvell, our Ship vvas ſtaunch, and our Crevv all in good Health; but vve lay in the utmoſt diſtreſs for VVater.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not permitting water or some other liquid to escape or penetrate; watertight."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-adj-pkkp21Yq",
      "links": [
        [
          "permitting",
          "permit#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "liquid",
          "liquid#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "penetrate",
          "penetrate"
        ],
        [
          "watertight",
          "watertight"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1669, Robert Boyle, “Experiment XLVII. About an Attempt Made to Measure the Force of the Spring of Included Air, and Examine a Conjecture about the Difference of Its Strength in Unequally Broad Mouth’d Vessels.”, in A Continuation of New Experiments Physico-Mechanical, Touching the Spring and Weight of the Air, and Their Effects. The I. Part. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Henry Hall, printer to the University, for Richard Davis, →OCLC, page 160:",
          "text": "[T]vvas very difficult to procure a Bladder ſmall and fine enough for that litle Cylinder; and that one, vvhich at length vve procured, vvould not continue ſtanch for many Tryals, but vvould after a vvhile part vvith a litle Air in the vvell exhauſted Receiver, vvhen tvvas clog'd vvith the utmoſt VVeight it could ſuſtain: but vvhilſt it continued ſtanch vve made one fair Tryal vvith it, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not permitting water or some other liquid to escape or penetrate; watertight.",
        "Impermeable to air or other gases; airtight."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-adj-bHWWWxNn",
      "links": [
        [
          "permitting",
          "permit#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "liquid",
          "liquid#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "penetrate",
          "penetrate"
        ],
        [
          "watertight",
          "watertight"
        ],
        [
          "Impermeable",
          "impermeable"
        ],
        [
          "air",
          "air#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "gases",
          "gas#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "airtight",
          "airtight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Not permitting water or some other liquid to escape or penetrate; watertight.",
        "(by extension) Impermeable to air or other gases; airtight."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "hermetically sealed"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 27:",
          "text": "Hovv goodly, and hovv to be vviſht vvere ſuch an obedient unanimity as this, vvhat a fine conformity vvould it ſtarch us all into? doubtles a ſtanch and ſolid peece of frame-vvork, as any January could freeze together.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1679 August 2 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 23 July 1679]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC, page 511:",
          "text": "[T]he house a stanch good old building, and what was singular, some of the roomes floor'd dove-tail-wise without a nail, exactly close. One of the closetts is parquetted with plaine deale, set in diamond, exceeding stanch and pretty.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1692, John Ray, “The Fourth Question Resolved, Whether Shall there Be Any Signs or Forerunners of the Dissolution of the World?”, in Miscellaneous Discourses Concerning the Dissolution and Changes of the World. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC, page 178:",
          "text": "[T]he VVorld continues ſtill as firm and ſtaunch as it vvas three thouſand years ago; and vvhy hereafter it ſhould founder and decay more than it hath done for ſo many Ages heretofore, vvhat reaſon can be given?",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1856 May 10 (date written), Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Scotland.—Glasgow. May 10th. [1856.]”, in Passages from the English Note-books of Nathaniel Hawthorne, volume II, Boston, Mass.: Fields, Osgood, & Co., published 1870, →OCLC, page 34:",
          "text": "This part of the castle was burned last autumn; but it is now under repair, and the wall of the tower is still stanch and strong.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Strongly built; also, in good or strong condition."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-adj-C6KropoY",
      "links": [
        [
          "Strongly",
          "strongly"
        ],
        [
          "built",
          "build#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "good",
          "good#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "condition",
          "condition#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 89 3 1 3 2 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "strongly built; in good or strong condition",
          "word": "vankka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 89 3 1 3 2 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "strongly built; in good or strong condition",
          "word": "tukeva"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 89 3 1 3 2 0",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "cvrst",
          "sense": "strongly built; in good or strong condition",
          "word": "цврст"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 2 11 2 14 3 1 9 9 1 13 10 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 3 36 2 28 7 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with translation boxes",
          "parents": [],
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        {
          "_dis": "5 5 2 12 2 15 4 1 9 9 2 14 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Without our staunch front line the enemy would have split the regiment.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1624, Phillip [i.e., Philip] Massinger, The Bond-man: An Antient Storie. […], London: […] Edw[ard] Allde, for Iohn Harison and Edward Blackmore, […], →OCLC, Act I, scene iii, signature [B4], recto:",
          "text": "VVe may commend / A Gentlemans modeſty, manners, and fine language, / […] / Yet, though he obſerue, and vvaſte his ſtate vpon vs, / If he be ſtanch and bid not for the ſtocke / That vve vvere borne to traffick vvith; the truth is / VVe care not for his company.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1689 May 24 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Mat[thew] Prior, “An Epistle to Fleetwood Shephard, Esq”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], published 1709, →OCLC, page 20:",
          "text": "In Politicks, I hear, you're ſtanch, / Directly bent againſt the French; / Deny to have your free-born Toe / Dragoon'd into a VVooden Shoe: […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1785, William Cowper, “Tirocinium: Or, A Review of Schools”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC, page 319:",
          "text": "And you are ſtaunch indeed in learning's cauſe, / If you can crovvn a diſcipline that dravvs / Such miſchiefs after it, vvith much applauſe.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1818 July 25, Jedadiah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter IV, in Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, […] (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 176:",
          "text": "They seemed completely satiated with the vengeance they had prosecuted with such staunch and sagacious activity.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1823, [Walter Scott], “The Sally”, in Quentin Durward. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, page 344:",
          "text": "It is therefore probable that De la Marck might have effected his escape, […] but for the staunch pursuit of Quentin, his uncle Le Balafré, and some of his comrades.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Buckthorne, or The Young Man of Great Expectations”, in Tales of a Traveller, part 1 (Strange Stories. […]), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC, page 126:",
          "text": "My father was amazingly ignorant—so ignorant, in fact, as not to know that he knew nothing. He was staunch, however, to church and king, and full of old-fashioned prejudices.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 6.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 265:",
          "text": "Is it like you, who have known me so long and sought my advice in all matters—like you, who from a girl have had a strong mind and a staunch heart?",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos], page 571:",
          "text": "[T]ouching the much vexed question of stimulants he relished a glass of choice old wine in season as both nourishing and bloodmaking and possessing aperient virtues (notably a good burgundy which he was a staunch believer in) […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 June 12, Tom Dart, “US culture wars come to baseball as MLB celebrates Pride month”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "The fast-food chain Chick-fil-A was founded by a staunch Christian, is closed on Sundays and has previously donated to organisations with anti-LGBTQ+ stances.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Staying true to one's aims or principles; firm, resolute, unswerving."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-adj-HlAiR3ge",
      "links": [
        [
          "Staying",
          "stay#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "aims",
          "aim#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "principles",
          "principle#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "resolute",
          "resolute"
        ],
        [
          "unswerving",
          "unswerving"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Staying true to one's aims or principles; firm, resolute, unswerving."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "constant"
        },
        {
          "word": "determined"
        },
        {
          "word": "persistent"
        },
        {
          "word": "steadfast"
        },
        {
          "word": "unwavering"
        },
        {
          "word": "unyielding"
        },
        {
          "word": "unswerving"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He’s been a staunch supporter of mine through every election.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “A Strange Interview, Which Is a Sequel to the Last Chapter”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 49:",
          "text": "[T]here ain't a stauncher-hearted gal going, or I'd have cut her throat three months ago.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1959 April, P. Ransome-Wallis, “The Southern in Trouble on the Kent Coast”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 213:",
          "text": "Never at any time in its history has there been so much universal anger at and criticism of the Southern. The railway's staunchest friends must concede that most of it is justified.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-adj-DjCYF2t5",
      "links": [
        [
          "Dependable",
          "dependable#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "loyal",
          "loyal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "reliable",
          "reliable#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "trustworthy",
          "trustworthy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Hunting",
          "orig": "en:Hunting",
          "parents": [
            "Human activity",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 2 11 2 14 3 1 9 9 1 13 10 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 2 12 2 15 4 1 9 9 2 14 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 8 1 12 1 18 2 1 9 9 1 14 12 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 10 4 18 5 34 11 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 5 18 6 30 9 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "12 12 4 24 2 37 8 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "11 11 5 20 6 30 9 8",
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          "name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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        {
          "_dis": "11 11 3 23 2 39 10 1",
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          "name": "Terms with French translations",
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          "_dis": "11 11 5 18 6 31 9 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Galician translations",
          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 4 23 4 35 6 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with German translations",
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          "_dis": "13 13 2 22 2 43 5 1",
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          "parents": [],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 5 18 6 29 9 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 4 17 5 29 8 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Malay translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 5 19 6 30 9 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Maori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 5 18 5 30 11 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 4 19 5 28 8 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 3 22 2 41 5 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 10 2 25 1 44 6 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 5 18 5 31 9 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 12 5 18 5 31 9 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1575, Jacques du Fouilloux, “Certaine Observations and Subtleties to be Used by Huntsmen in Hunting an Hart at Force”, in George Gascoigne, transl., The Noble Art of Venerie or Hunting. […], London: […] Thomas Purfoot, published 1611, →OCLC, page 112:",
          "text": "[T]he horſemen & huntſmen ſhould blemiſh at ſuch places as they ſee the Hart enter into a thicket or couert to the end that if the hounds fall to change, they may return to thoſe blemiſhes, and put their hounds to the right ſlot and view, vntill they haue rowzed or found him againe with their bloudhound, or with ſome other ſtanch old hound of the kennell, in the which they may aſſie themſelues. For old ſtaunch houndes which will not hunt change, when they ſee an Hart rowzed & before them, they neuer call on, nor once open: but if they be young raſh houndes, they will runne with full cry & ſo take change.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1810, Walter Scott, “Canto I. The Chase.”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, stanza VII, page 10:",
          "text": "For, scarce a spear's length from his haunch, / Vindictive toiled the blood-hounds staunch; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1835, [Washington Irving], “A Hunt for a Lost Comrade”, in A Tour on the Prairies (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 1), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 237:",
          "text": "Beatte especially, was as staunch as a veteran hound.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy.",
        "Of a hunting dog: that can be depended on to pick up the scent of, or to mark, game."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-adj-2yeYmqja",
      "links": [
        [
          "Dependable",
          "dependable#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "loyal",
          "loyal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "reliable",
          "reliable#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "trustworthy",
          "trustworthy"
        ],
        [
          "hunting",
          "hunting#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hunting dog",
          "hunting dog"
        ],
        [
          "depend",
          "depend"
        ],
        [
          "pick up",
          "pick up#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "scent",
          "scent#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "mark",
          "mark#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "game",
          "game#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy.",
        "(chiefly hunting) Of a hunting dog: that can be depended on to pick up the scent of, or to mark, game."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "hunting",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "a. 1678 (date written), Isaac Barrow, “The Ninth Sermon. 1 Thess[alonians] 4. 11.”, in Several Sermons against Evil-Speaking, London: […] Brabazon Aylmer, […], published 1678, →OCLC, page 105:",
          "text": "It is good to be very ſtaunch and cautious of talking about other Men and their Concernments, in vvay of paſſing Characters on them, or deſcanting upon their Proceedings for vvant of other Diſcourse: This is the common refuge of Idleneſs, and the practice of fidling Goſſips, vvho becauſe they vvill do nothing themſelves, muſt be reflecting upon the doings of others; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Cautious, restrained."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-adj-VGNbRF1L",
      "links": [
        [
          "Cautious",
          "cautious"
        ],
        [
          "restrained",
          "restrained#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "(obsolete) Cautious, restrained."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "guarded"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "compromising"
        },
        {
          "word": "transigent"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stubborn, intransigent"
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-adj-fQw2~ceA",
      "links": [
        [
          "stubborn",
          "stubborn"
        ],
        [
          "intransigent",
          "intransigent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "stubborn, intransigent"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "obstinate"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔːn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-staunch.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑːn(t)ʃ/",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːntʃ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːntʃ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "stanch"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "veren",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "верен"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "predan",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "предан"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "acèrrim"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "betrouwbaar"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "loyaal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "trouw"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "vankkumaton"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "fervent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "acérrimo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "acérrima"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ardoroso"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ardorosa"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incondicional"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "loyal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "treu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "vertrauensvoll"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "loyala"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "solida"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "leale"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "véren",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "ве́рен"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "dóverliv",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "до́верлив"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "akrab"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "karib"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "horopū"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "wierny"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "confiável"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nadjóžnyj",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "надёжный"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vérnyj",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "ве́рный"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "acérrimo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "ardiente"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "incondicional"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "fiel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "leal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "lojal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "trogen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "3 3 5 11 34 37 3 3",
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "sadık"
    }
  ],
  "word": "staunch"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "staunchen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English staunchen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "staunce, staunch, staunge, staunǧen, stawnche, stonch, (Kent) stonchi",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "estauncher"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman estauncher",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estancher"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estancher",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "estainchier, estancier, stanchier, stainchier",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English staunchen, staunche (“to stop the flow of blood, diarrhoea, or other bodily fluids; to alleviate, ease; to appease, assuage, satisfy; to cure; to overcome; to put an end to; to repress, suppress; of a river or stream: to stop flowing; of waters, wind, or weather: to become calm, subside; to extinguish or put out (a fire)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman estauncher, estaunchier, estanger, Old French estancher, estanchier (verb) [and other forms]; see further at etymology 1 and at stanch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "staunches",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunching",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunched",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunched",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "staunch (third-person singular simple present staunches, present participle staunching, simple past and past participle staunched)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "old": "1"
      },
      "name": "en-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "stanch"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "staunchable"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "adjective"
          ],
          "word": "staunched"
        },
        {
          "word": "stauncher"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "adjective",
            "noun"
          ],
          "word": "staunching"
        },
        {
          "word": "unstaunched"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Ezechiel xxxj:[15], folio lxviij, recto, column 2:",
          "text": "I will couer the depe vpon him, I will ſtaunch his floudes, and the greate waters ſhalbe reſtrayned.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1782, William Cowper, “Retirement”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 274:",
          "text": "He that has not uſurp'd the name of man, / Does all, and deems too little, all he can, / T' aſſuage the throbbings of the feſter'd part, / And ſtaunch the bleedings of a broken heart; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter VII, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 178:",
          "text": "[T]he iron head of a square cross-bow bolt disengaged itself from the wound, the bleeding was staunched, the wound was closed, and the dying man was, within the quarter of an hour, walking upon the ramparts, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative spelling of stanch"
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-verb-a3549~XF",
      "links": [
        [
          "stanch",
          "stanch#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔːn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-staunch.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑːn(t)ʃ/",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːntʃ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːntʃ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "staunch"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "|",
      "name": "!"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "staunche"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English staunche",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estanche",
        "t": "pond; tank"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estanche (“pond; tank”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "étang",
        "t": "pond; lagoon"
      },
      "expansion": "French étang (“pond; lagoon”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Either:\n* from Middle English staunche, stanche (“something which stops the flow of blood; (figuratively) shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)”), from Old French estanche (“pond; tank”), from estanc (“pond”) (modern French étang (“pond; lagoon”)), from estanchier (verb): see further at etymology 2; and/or\n* derived directly from the verb.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "staunches",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "staunch (plural staunches)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "That which stanches or checks a flow."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-noun-v-kNAy7I",
      "links": [
        [
          "stanches",
          "stanch#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "checks",
          "check#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "flow",
          "flow#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) That which stanches or checks a flow."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "That which stanches or checks a flow.",
        "A plant or substance which stops the flow of blood; a styptic."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-noun-enxo-Nqq",
      "links": [
        [
          "stanches",
          "stanch#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "checks",
          "check#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "flow",
          "flow#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "blood",
          "blood#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "styptic",
          "styptic#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) That which stanches or checks a flow.",
        "(specifically, archaic) A plant or substance which stops the flow of blood; a styptic."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "obsolete",
        "specifically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "An act of stanching or stopping."
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-noun-ruKOky0I",
      "links": [
        [
          "act",
          "act#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "stopping",
          "stopping#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) An act of stanching or stopping."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Mining",
          "orig": "en:Mining",
          "parents": [
            "Industries",
            "Business",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 2 11 2 14 3 1 9 9 1 13 10 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 2 12 2 15 4 1 9 9 2 14 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of afterdamp (“suffocating gases present in a coal mine after an explosion caused by firedamp”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-noun--kkJTHzN",
      "links": [
        [
          "mining",
          "mining#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "afterdamp",
          "afterdamp#English"
        ],
        [
          "suffocating",
          "suffocating#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "gases",
          "gas#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "present",
          "present#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "coal mine",
          "coal mine"
        ],
        [
          "explosion",
          "explosion"
        ],
        [
          "caused",
          "cause#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "firedamp",
          "firedamp"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mining) Synonym of afterdamp (“suffocating gases present in a coal mine after an explosion caused by firedamp”)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "suffocating gases present in a coal mine after an explosion caused by firedamp",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "afterdamp"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "mining"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔːn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-staunch.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑːn(t)ʃ/",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːntʃ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːntʃ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "stanch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "staunch"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_text": "See stanch (etymology 4).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "staunches",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "staunch (plural staunches)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "a floodgate by which water is accumulated, for floating a boat over a shallow part of a stream by its release; also, a dam or lock in a river",
          "word": "stanch"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 2 11 2 14 3 1 9 9 1 13 10 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 5 2 12 2 15 4 1 9 9 2 14 13 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative spelling of stanch (“a floodgate by which water is accumulated, for floating a boat over a shallow part of a stream by its release; also, a dam or lock in a river”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-staunch-en-noun-DOz3Rx0u",
      "links": [
        [
          "stanch",
          "stanch#English"
        ],
        [
          "floodgate",
          "floodgate"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "accumulated",
          "accumulate#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "floating",
          "float#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "boat",
          "boat#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "shallow",
          "shallow#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "stream",
          "stream#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "release",
          "release#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "dam",
          "dam#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "lock",
          "lock#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔːn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-staunch.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑːn(t)ʃ/",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːntʃ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːntʃ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "staunch"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *steh₂g-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːntʃ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːntʃ/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːntʃ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːntʃ/1 syllable",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "staunchly"
    },
    {
      "word": "staunchness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂g-",
        "4": "*steh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "staunch"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English staunch",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stanch",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "estaunche"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman estaunche",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estanche",
        "t": "firm; watertight"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estanche (“firm; watertight”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "étanche",
        "t": "airtight; watertight"
      },
      "expansion": "French étanche (“airtight; watertight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "étancher"
      },
      "expansion": "French étancher",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*stagnicāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *stagnicāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "stāgnum",
        "t": "piece of standing water, pond; fen, swamp"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin stāgnum (“piece of standing water, pond; fen, swamp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂g-",
        "t": "to drip; to seep"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to drip; to seep”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "|",
      "name": "!"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "²",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "*stānticāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *stānticāre",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "stans",
        "4": "stāns, stāntis",
        "t": "standing; remaining, staying"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin stāns, stāntis (“standing; remaining, staying”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "present"
      },
      "expansion": "present",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "active"
      },
      "expansion": "active",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "participle"
      },
      "expansion": "participle",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂-",
        "t": "to stand (up)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "stanco",
        "t": "bored; tired"
      },
      "expansion": "Italian stanco (“bored; tired”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pt",
        "2": "estanque",
        "t": "watertight"
      },
      "expansion": "Portuguese estanque (“watertight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rm",
        "2": "staunza",
        "t": "a room"
      },
      "expansion": "Romansch staunza (“a room”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "estanco",
        "t": "closed, sealed; airtight; watertight"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish estanco (“closed, sealed; airtight; watertight”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English staunch, staunche (“(adjective) in good condition or repair; solidly made, firm; watertight; of a person or wound: not bleeding; certain; intact; (adverb) firmly, soundly”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman estaunche, Old French estanche (“firm; watertight”) (modern French étanche (“airtight; watertight”)), a variant of estanc (“a pond”), from estanchier (“to stop the flow of a liquid (blood, water, etc.); to make (something) watertight; to quench (thirst)”) (modern French étancher), possibly from one of the following:\n* From Vulgar Latin *stagnicāre, from Latin stāgnum (“piece of standing water, pond; fen, swamp”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂g- (“to drip; to seep”).\n* From Vulgar Latin *stānticāre, from *stānticus (“tired”), from Latin stāns, stāntis (“standing; remaining, staying”). Stāns is the present active participle of stō (“to stand; to remain, stay”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”).\ncognates\n* Italian stanco (“bored; tired”)\n* Portuguese estanque (“watertight”)\n* Romansch staunza (“a room”)\n* Spanish estanco (“closed, sealed; airtight; watertight”)",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "stauncher",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunchest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "staunch (comparative stauncher, superlative staunchest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii], page 346, column 2:",
          "text": "Yet if I knevv, / VVhat Hoope ſhould hold vs ſtaunch from edge to edge / Ath'vvorld [of the world]: I vvould perſue it.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Great Storm Described, the Long-Boat Sent to Fetch Water, the Author Goes with It to Discover the Country. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part II (A Voyage to Brobdingnag), page 153:",
          "text": "Our Proviſions held out vvell, our Ship vvas ſtaunch, and our Crevv all in good Health; but vve lay in the utmoſt diſtreſs for VVater.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not permitting water or some other liquid to escape or penetrate; watertight."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "permitting",
          "permit#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "liquid",
          "liquid#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "penetrate",
          "penetrate"
        ],
        [
          "watertight",
          "watertight"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1669, Robert Boyle, “Experiment XLVII. About an Attempt Made to Measure the Force of the Spring of Included Air, and Examine a Conjecture about the Difference of Its Strength in Unequally Broad Mouth’d Vessels.”, in A Continuation of New Experiments Physico-Mechanical, Touching the Spring and Weight of the Air, and Their Effects. The I. Part. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Henry Hall, printer to the University, for Richard Davis, →OCLC, page 160:",
          "text": "[T]vvas very difficult to procure a Bladder ſmall and fine enough for that litle Cylinder; and that one, vvhich at length vve procured, vvould not continue ſtanch for many Tryals, but vvould after a vvhile part vvith a litle Air in the vvell exhauſted Receiver, vvhen tvvas clog'd vvith the utmoſt VVeight it could ſuſtain: but vvhilſt it continued ſtanch vve made one fair Tryal vvith it, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Not permitting water or some other liquid to escape or penetrate; watertight.",
        "Impermeable to air or other gases; airtight."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "permitting",
          "permit#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "liquid",
          "liquid#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "escape",
          "escape#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "penetrate",
          "penetrate"
        ],
        [
          "watertight",
          "watertight"
        ],
        [
          "Impermeable",
          "impermeable"
        ],
        [
          "air",
          "air#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "gases",
          "gas#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "airtight",
          "airtight"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Not permitting water or some other liquid to escape or penetrate; watertight.",
        "(by extension) Impermeable to air or other gases; airtight."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "hermetically sealed"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1644, John Milton, Areopagitica; a Speech of Mr. John Milton for the Liberty of Unlicenc’d Printing, to the Parlament of England, London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 27:",
          "text": "Hovv goodly, and hovv to be vviſht vvere ſuch an obedient unanimity as this, vvhat a fine conformity vvould it ſtarch us all into? doubtles a ſtanch and ſolid peece of frame-vvork, as any January could freeze together.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1679 August 2 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 23 July 1679]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC, page 511:",
          "text": "[T]he house a stanch good old building, and what was singular, some of the roomes floor'd dove-tail-wise without a nail, exactly close. One of the closetts is parquetted with plaine deale, set in diamond, exceeding stanch and pretty.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1692, John Ray, “The Fourth Question Resolved, Whether Shall there Be Any Signs or Forerunners of the Dissolution of the World?”, in Miscellaneous Discourses Concerning the Dissolution and Changes of the World. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC, page 178:",
          "text": "[T]he VVorld continues ſtill as firm and ſtaunch as it vvas three thouſand years ago; and vvhy hereafter it ſhould founder and decay more than it hath done for ſo many Ages heretofore, vvhat reaſon can be given?",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1856 May 10 (date written), Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Scotland.—Glasgow. May 10th. [1856.]”, in Passages from the English Note-books of Nathaniel Hawthorne, volume II, Boston, Mass.: Fields, Osgood, & Co., published 1870, →OCLC, page 34:",
          "text": "This part of the castle was burned last autumn; but it is now under repair, and the wall of the tower is still stanch and strong.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Strongly built; also, in good or strong condition."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Strongly",
          "strongly"
        ],
        [
          "built",
          "build#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "good",
          "good#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "condition",
          "condition#Noun"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Without our staunch front line the enemy would have split the regiment.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1624, Phillip [i.e., Philip] Massinger, The Bond-man: An Antient Storie. […], London: […] Edw[ard] Allde, for Iohn Harison and Edward Blackmore, […], →OCLC, Act I, scene iii, signature [B4], recto:",
          "text": "VVe may commend / A Gentlemans modeſty, manners, and fine language, / […] / Yet, though he obſerue, and vvaſte his ſtate vpon vs, / If he be ſtanch and bid not for the ſtocke / That vve vvere borne to traffick vvith; the truth is / VVe care not for his company.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1689 May 24 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Mat[thew] Prior, “An Epistle to Fleetwood Shephard, Esq”, in Poems on Several Occasions, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], published 1709, →OCLC, page 20:",
          "text": "In Politicks, I hear, you're ſtanch, / Directly bent againſt the French; / Deny to have your free-born Toe / Dragoon'd into a VVooden Shoe: […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1785, William Cowper, “Tirocinium: Or, A Review of Schools”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC, page 319:",
          "text": "And you are ſtaunch indeed in learning's cauſe, / If you can crovvn a diſcipline that dravvs / Such miſchiefs after it, vvith much applauſe.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1818 July 25, Jedadiah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter IV, in Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, […] (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, page 176:",
          "text": "They seemed completely satiated with the vengeance they had prosecuted with such staunch and sagacious activity.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1823, [Walter Scott], “The Sally”, in Quentin Durward. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, page 344:",
          "text": "It is therefore probable that De la Marck might have effected his escape, […] but for the staunch pursuit of Quentin, his uncle Le Balafré, and some of his comrades.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Buckthorne, or The Young Man of Great Expectations”, in Tales of a Traveller, part 1 (Strange Stories. […]), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC, page 126:",
          "text": "My father was amazingly ignorant—so ignorant, in fact, as not to know that he knew nothing. He was staunch, however, to church and king, and full of old-fashioned prejudices.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 6.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume II, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 265:",
          "text": "Is it like you, who have known me so long and sought my advice in all matters—like you, who from a girl have had a strong mind and a staunch heart?",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16: Eumaeus]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part III [Nostos], page 571:",
          "text": "[T]ouching the much vexed question of stimulants he relished a glass of choice old wine in season as both nourishing and bloodmaking and possessing aperient virtues (notably a good burgundy which he was a staunch believer in) […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 June 12, Tom Dart, “US culture wars come to baseball as MLB celebrates Pride month”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:",
          "text": "The fast-food chain Chick-fil-A was founded by a staunch Christian, is closed on Sundays and has previously donated to organisations with anti-LGBTQ+ stances.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Staying true to one's aims or principles; firm, resolute, unswerving."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Staying",
          "stay#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "aims",
          "aim#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "principles",
          "principle#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "firm",
          "firm#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "resolute",
          "resolute"
        ],
        [
          "unswerving",
          "unswerving"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Staying true to one's aims or principles; firm, resolute, unswerving."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "constant"
        },
        {
          "word": "determined"
        },
        {
          "word": "persistent"
        },
        {
          "word": "steadfast"
        },
        {
          "word": "unwavering"
        },
        {
          "word": "unyielding"
        },
        {
          "word": "unswerving"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He’s been a staunch supporter of mine through every election.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “A Strange Interview, Which Is a Sequel to the Last Chapter”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 49:",
          "text": "[T]here ain't a stauncher-hearted gal going, or I'd have cut her throat three months ago.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1959 April, P. Ransome-Wallis, “The Southern in Trouble on the Kent Coast”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 213:",
          "text": "Never at any time in its history has there been so much universal anger at and criticism of the Southern. The railway's staunchest friends must concede that most of it is justified.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Dependable",
          "dependable#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "loyal",
          "loyal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "reliable",
          "reliable#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "trustworthy",
          "trustworthy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Hunting"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1575, Jacques du Fouilloux, “Certaine Observations and Subtleties to be Used by Huntsmen in Hunting an Hart at Force”, in George Gascoigne, transl., The Noble Art of Venerie or Hunting. […], London: […] Thomas Purfoot, published 1611, →OCLC, page 112:",
          "text": "[T]he horſemen & huntſmen ſhould blemiſh at ſuch places as they ſee the Hart enter into a thicket or couert to the end that if the hounds fall to change, they may return to thoſe blemiſhes, and put their hounds to the right ſlot and view, vntill they haue rowzed or found him againe with their bloudhound, or with ſome other ſtanch old hound of the kennell, in the which they may aſſie themſelues. For old ſtaunch houndes which will not hunt change, when they ſee an Hart rowzed & before them, they neuer call on, nor once open: but if they be young raſh houndes, they will runne with full cry & ſo take change.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1810, Walter Scott, “Canto I. The Chase.”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, stanza VII, page 10:",
          "text": "For, scarce a spear's length from his haunch, / Vindictive toiled the blood-hounds staunch; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1835, [Washington Irving], “A Hunt for a Lost Comrade”, in A Tour on the Prairies (The Crayon Miscellany; no. 1), Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey, [Isaac] Lea, & Blanchard, →OCLC, page 237:",
          "text": "Beatte especially, was as staunch as a veteran hound.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy.",
        "Of a hunting dog: that can be depended on to pick up the scent of, or to mark, game."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Dependable",
          "dependable#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "loyal",
          "loyal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "reliable",
          "reliable#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "trustworthy",
          "trustworthy"
        ],
        [
          "hunting",
          "hunting#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "hunting dog",
          "hunting dog"
        ],
        [
          "depend",
          "depend"
        ],
        [
          "pick up",
          "pick up#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "scent",
          "scent#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "mark",
          "mark#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "game",
          "game#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy.",
        "(chiefly hunting) Of a hunting dog: that can be depended on to pick up the scent of, or to mark, game."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "hobbies",
        "hunting",
        "lifestyle"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "a. 1678 (date written), Isaac Barrow, “The Ninth Sermon. 1 Thess[alonians] 4. 11.”, in Several Sermons against Evil-Speaking, London: […] Brabazon Aylmer, […], published 1678, →OCLC, page 105:",
          "text": "It is good to be very ſtaunch and cautious of talking about other Men and their Concernments, in vvay of paſſing Characters on them, or deſcanting upon their Proceedings for vvant of other Diſcourse: This is the common refuge of Idleneſs, and the practice of fidling Goſſips, vvho becauſe they vvill do nothing themſelves, muſt be reflecting upon the doings of others; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Cautious, restrained."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Cautious",
          "cautious"
        ],
        [
          "restrained",
          "restrained#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "(obsolete) Cautious, restrained."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "guarded"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "compromising"
        },
        {
          "word": "transigent"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "stubborn, intransigent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stubborn",
          "stubborn"
        ],
        [
          "intransigent",
          "intransigent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively)",
        "stubborn, intransigent"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "obstinate"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔːn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-staunch.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑːn(t)ʃ/",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːntʃ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːntʃ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "stanch"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "strongly built; in good or strong condition",
      "word": "vankka"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "strongly built; in good or strong condition",
      "word": "tukeva"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "cvrst",
      "sense": "strongly built; in good or strong condition",
      "word": "цврст"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "veren",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "верен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "predan",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "предан"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "acèrrim"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "betrouwbaar"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "loyaal"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "trouw"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "vankkumaton"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "fervent"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "acérrimo"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "acérrima"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ardoroso"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ardorosa"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "incondicional"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "loyal"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "treu"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "vertrauensvoll"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "loyala"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "solida"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "leale"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "véren",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "ве́рен"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "dóverliv",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "до́верлив"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "akrab"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "karib"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "horopū"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "wierny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "confiável"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "nadjóžnyj",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "надёжный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vérnyj",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "ве́рный"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "acérrimo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "ardiente"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "incondicional"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "fiel"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "leal"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "lojal"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "trogen"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy — see also dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy",
      "word": "sadık"
    }
  ],
  "word": "staunch"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːntʃ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːntʃ/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːntʃ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːntʃ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "staunchable"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "staunched"
    },
    {
      "word": "stauncher"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "noun"
      ],
      "word": "staunching"
    },
    {
      "word": "unstaunched"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "staunchen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English staunchen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "staunce, staunch, staunge, staunǧen, stawnche, stonch, (Kent) stonchi",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "estauncher"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman estauncher",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estancher"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estancher",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "estainchier, estancier, stanchier, stainchier",
        "otherforms": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "[and other forms]",
      "name": "nb..."
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English staunchen, staunche (“to stop the flow of blood, diarrhoea, or other bodily fluids; to alleviate, ease; to appease, assuage, satisfy; to cure; to overcome; to put an end to; to repress, suppress; of a river or stream: to stop flowing; of waters, wind, or weather: to become calm, subside; to extinguish or put out (a fire)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman estauncher, estaunchier, estanger, Old French estancher, estanchier (verb) [and other forms]; see further at etymology 1 and at stanch.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "staunches",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunching",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunched",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunched",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "en-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "staunch",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "staunch (third-person singular simple present staunches, present participle staunching, simple past and past participle staunched)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "old": "1"
      },
      "name": "en-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "stanch"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Ezechiel xxxj:[15], folio lxviij, recto, column 2:",
          "text": "I will couer the depe vpon him, I will ſtaunch his floudes, and the greate waters ſhalbe reſtrayned.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1782, William Cowper, “Retirement”, in Poems, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 274:",
          "text": "He that has not uſurp'd the name of man, / Does all, and deems too little, all he can, / T' aſſuage the throbbings of the feſter'd part, / And ſtaunch the bleedings of a broken heart; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter VII, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 178:",
          "text": "[T]he iron head of a square cross-bow bolt disengaged itself from the wound, the bleeding was staunched, the wound was closed, and the dying man was, within the quarter of an hour, walking upon the ramparts, […]",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative spelling of stanch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stanch",
          "stanch#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔːn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-staunch.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑːn(t)ʃ/",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːntʃ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːntʃ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "staunch"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːntʃ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːntʃ/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːntʃ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːntʃ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "|",
      "name": "!"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "¹",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "staunche"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English staunche",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estanche",
        "t": "pond; tank"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estanche (“pond; tank”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "étang",
        "t": "pond; lagoon"
      },
      "expansion": "French étang (“pond; lagoon”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Either:\n* from Middle English staunche, stanche (“something which stops the flow of blood; (figuratively) shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)”), from Old French estanche (“pond; tank”), from estanc (“pond”) (modern French étang (“pond; lagoon”)), from estanchier (verb): see further at etymology 2; and/or\n* derived directly from the verb.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "staunches",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "staunch (plural staunches)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "That which stanches or checks a flow."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stanches",
          "stanch#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "checks",
          "check#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "flow",
          "flow#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) That which stanches or checks a flow."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "That which stanches or checks a flow.",
        "A plant or substance which stops the flow of blood; a styptic."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stanches",
          "stanch#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "checks",
          "check#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "flow",
          "flow#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "plant",
          "plant#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "blood",
          "blood#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "styptic",
          "styptic#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) That which stanches or checks a flow.",
        "(specifically, archaic) A plant or substance which stops the flow of blood; a styptic."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "obsolete",
        "specifically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An act of stanching or stopping."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "act",
          "act#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "stopping",
          "stopping#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) An act of stanching or stopping."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Mining"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Synonym of afterdamp (“suffocating gases present in a coal mine after an explosion caused by firedamp”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mining",
          "mining#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "afterdamp",
          "afterdamp#English"
        ],
        [
          "suffocating",
          "suffocating#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "gases",
          "gas#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "present",
          "present#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "coal mine",
          "coal mine"
        ],
        [
          "explosion",
          "explosion"
        ],
        [
          "caused",
          "cause#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "firedamp",
          "firedamp"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mining) Synonym of afterdamp (“suffocating gases present in a coal mine after an explosion caused by firedamp”)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "extra": "suffocating gases present in a coal mine after an explosion caused by firedamp",
          "tags": [
            "synonym",
            "synonym-of"
          ],
          "word": "afterdamp"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "mining"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔːn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-staunch.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑːn(t)ʃ/",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːntʃ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːntʃ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "stanch"
    }
  ],
  "word": "staunch"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːntʃ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːntʃ/1 syllable",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːntʃ",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔːntʃ/1 syllable"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "etymology_text": "See stanch (etymology 4).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "staunches",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "staunch (plural staunches)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "a floodgate by which water is accumulated, for floating a boat over a shallow part of a stream by its release; also, a dam or lock in a river",
          "word": "stanch"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative spelling of stanch (“a floodgate by which water is accumulated, for floating a boat over a shallow part of a stream by its release; also, a dam or lock in a river”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stanch",
          "stanch#English"
        ],
        [
          "floodgate",
          "floodgate"
        ],
        [
          "water",
          "water#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "accumulated",
          "accumulate#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "floating",
          "float#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "boat",
          "boat#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "shallow",
          "shallow#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "part",
          "part#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "stream",
          "stream#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "release",
          "release#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "dam",
          "dam#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "lock",
          "lock#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔːn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-staunch.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-staunch.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stônsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɔn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑn(t)ʃ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänch",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "stänsh",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/stɑːn(t)ʃ/",
      "note": "some accents"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔːntʃ"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑːntʃ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "staunch"
}