See mum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for mum meaning in English (36.8kB)
{ "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "mam" }, "expansion": "mam", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "mummy" }, "expansion": "mummy", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "mom" }, "expansion": "mom", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "mama" }, "expansion": "mama", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "Alternative form of mam, or an abbreviation of mummy. Compare mom, mama.", "forms": [ { "form": "mums", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "mum (plural mums)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Australian English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "British English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Canadian English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Indian English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Irish English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "New England English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "New Zealand English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Singapore English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "South African English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "2 2 12 34 6 9 11 7 10 7", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "en", "name": "Anthemideae tribe plants", "orig": "en:Anthemideae tribe plants", "parents": [ "Composites", "Asterales order plants", "Plants", "Lifeforms", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 1 4 76 2 4 1 1 6 3", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Female family members", "orig": "en:Female family members", "parents": [ "Family members", "Female people", "Family", "Female", "People", "Gender", "Human", "Biology", "Psychology", "Sociology", "All topics", "Sciences", "Social sciences", "Fundamental", "Society" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 2 5 71 2 2 5 3 4 5", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Parents", "orig": "en:Parents", "parents": [ "Family members", "Family", "People", "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "0 0 9 59 4 9 0 3 10 5", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "People", "orig": "en:People", "parents": [ "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 1 26 29 8 13 4 2 13 3", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Talking", "orig": "en:Talking", "parents": [ "Human behaviour", "Language", "Human", "Communication", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "derived": [ { "word": "ballet mum" }, { "word": "bank of mum and dad" }, { "word": "be mum" }, { "word": "gymslip mum" }, { "word": "mum-in-law" }, { "word": "mum jeans" }, { "word": "queen mum" }, { "word": "soccer mum" }, { "word": "stay mum" }, { "word": "tiger mum" }, { "word": "wine mum" }, { "word": "your mum" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1987, Kerry Cue, Hang On To Your Horses Doovers, page 5", "text": "From the Marvel Mixmaster to the Miracle Microwave, every time a new-fangled gadget has lobbed into the Aussie kitchen, Aussie mums have changed their cooking styles accordingly.", "type": "quotation" }, { "ref": "1993, Hilda Hollingsworth, Places of Greater Safety, Zenobia Press edition, page 278", "text": "'Ooh Mum, Auntie don′t allow smokin’ - Pat′s eyes were round with awe as Mum struck a match." }, { "ref": "2004, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen, Irene Dunlap, Chicken Soup for the Preteen Soul 2, page 336", "text": "Her mum says that she is deaf and only partially sighted, so I need to go and stand in front of her, so she can see the gift.", "type": "quotation" }, { "ref": "2006, Kathryn Lasky, Guardians of Ga'Hoole, Book 11: To Be a King, page 88", "text": "“Mum! Mum!” he shouted out. The laughter stopped. Two bright, sparkling yellow eyes peeped from the hollow. Atop her head were the fluffy ear tufts that his mum was so proud of because they were fuller and lovelier than those of most Great Horned Owls. It was indeed his mum!" }, { "text": "2011, Chyna, FAM: Rolling in a London Girl Gang, unnumbered page,\nHe′s looking at my mum, at her swollen eyes, busted nose and bloodied lips. She′s mashed up something chronic, and the man who did this to her is my dad." } ], "glosses": [ "Mother." ], "id": "en-mum-en-noun-D8R-RXlL", "links": [ [ "Mother", "mother" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(UK, Ireland, Canada, New England, South Africa, India, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, informal) Mother." ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "mam" }, { "word": "mom" }, { "tags": [ "US" ], "word": "Mom" }, { "word": "Mum" } ], "tags": [ "Australia", "Canada", "India", "Ireland", "New-England", "New-Zealand", "Singapore", "South-Africa", "UK", "informal" ], "translations": [ { "code": "aa", "lang": "Afar", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "yayya" }, { "code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔumm", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "أُمّ" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "māmā", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "مَامَا" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "māmān", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "مَامَان" }, { "code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "ماما" }, { "code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mami", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "مامى" }, { "code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔim", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "North-Levantine-Arabic" ], "word": "إم" }, { "code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "North-Levantine-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "ماما" }, { "code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔim", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "South-Levantine-Arabic" ], "word": "إم" }, { "code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "South-Levantine-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "ماما" }, { "code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yamma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "South-Levantine-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "يامّا" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "mayrik", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "մայրիկ" }, { "code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "baba", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "баба" }, { "code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "amatxo" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "máma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́ма" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "matúlja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "мату́ля" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "máma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́ма" }, { "code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "meme", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "မေမေ" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mama" }, { "code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "媽咪" }, { "code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "maa¹ mi⁴, mai¹ mi⁴", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "妈咪" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "媽媽" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "māma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "妈妈" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "niáng", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "娘" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "媽" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "mā", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "妈" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "媽咪" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "māmi", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "妈咪" }, { "code": "nan", "lang": "Min Nan Chinese", "roman": "a-bú", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "阿母" }, { "code": "nan", "lang": "Min Nan Chinese", "roman": "a-niâ", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "阿娘" }, { "code": "nan", "lang": "Min Nan Chinese", "roman": "lāu-bú", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "老母" }, { "code": "ckt", "lang": "Chukchi", "roman": "ymmė", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ыммэ" }, { "code": "ckt", "lang": "Chukchi", "roman": "ymmėmy", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ыммэмы" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "máma" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "maminka" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "mor" }, { "code": "sce", "lang": "Dongxiang", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ana" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "panjo" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ema" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "emme" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "amm" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "memm" }, { "code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "dada" }, { "code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "nɔ" }, { "code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "äiskä" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "äippä" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mutsi" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "äiti" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "maman" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamá" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "nai" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "deda", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "დედა" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dediḳo", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "დედიკო" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Mutti" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Mama" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Mami" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "mamá", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "μαμά" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "ímma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "אִמָּא" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "mā̃", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "माँ" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "mātājī", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "माताजी" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ammī", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "अम्मी" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ammā̃", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "अम्माँ" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "anya" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "anyu" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mama" }, { "code": "hrx", "lang": "Hunsrik", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Mamma" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mama" }, { "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mami" }, { "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mama" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mam" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "maime" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamma" }, { "alt": "おかあさん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "okāsan", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "お母さん" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ママ" }, { "alt": "はは", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "haha", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "母" }, { "code": "koi", "lang": "Komi-Permyak", "roman": "mam", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "мам" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eomma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "엄마" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eomeoni", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "어머니" }, { "code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dayik" }, { "code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dê" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "māter" }, { "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "māmiņa" }, { "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "ln", "lang": "Lingala", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mamá" }, { "code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamytė" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "мама" }, { "code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ibu" }, { "code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "bu" }, { "code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mak" }, { "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "amma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "അമ്മ" }, { "code": "ml", "english": "Muslims", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "umma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ഉമ്മ" }, { "code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "nana", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "нана" }, { "code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "gycci", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "гыцци" }, { "code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "mamæ", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "мамӕ" }, { "code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "mâdar", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Iranian Persian" ], "word": "مادَر" }, { "code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "mâmân", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Iranian Persian" ], "word": "مامان" }, { "code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "mâm", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Iranian Persian", "archaic" ], "word": "مام" }, { "code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "nane", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Iranian Persian" ], "word": "نَنِه" }, { "code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "-nān" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamusia" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamãe" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamã" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mămică" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "măicuță" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "máma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́ма" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mámočka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́мочка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mátuška", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́тушка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mamúsja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "маму́ся" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mámenʹka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́менька" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mamúlja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "маму́ля" }, { "code": "ru", "english": "can also sound impolite", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mamáša", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "мама́ша" }, { "code": "ru", "english": "can also sound impolite", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mámka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́мка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mam", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "colloquial", "feminine", "vocative" ], "word": "мам" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "colloquial", "feminine", "vocative" ], "word": "ма" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamaidh" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "màmag" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Cyrillic", "feminine" ], "word": "ма̏ма" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Roman", "feminine" ], "word": "mȁma" }, { "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamička" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "maminka" }, { "code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamá" }, { "code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "nina" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "twf", "lang": "Taos", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ká" }, { "code": "twf", "lang": "Taos", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "káʼȕ" }, { "code": "twf", "lang": "Taos", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "łáʼȕ" }, { "code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "äni", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "әни" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kun mâe", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "คุณแม่" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mɛ̂ɛ", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "แม่" }, { "code": "tzj", "lang": "Tz'utujil", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "teeʼ" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "máma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́ма" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "matúsja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "мату́ся" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "mátinka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́тінка" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nénʹka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "не́нька" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nénja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "не́ня" }, { "code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "ammī", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "اَمّی" }, { "code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "ammā̃", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "اَمّاں" }, { "code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mẹ" }, { "code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "má" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "motül" }, { "code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mam" }, { "code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "mame", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "מאַמע" }, { "code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "mamele", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "diminutive", "feminine" ], "word": "מאַמעלע" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "word": "mum" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "chrysanthemum" }, "expansion": "chrysanthemum", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "Abbreviation of chrysanthemum.", "forms": [ { "form": "mums", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "mum (plural mums)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "American English", "parents": [], "source": "w" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1996, David Foster Wallace, “Democracy and Commerce at the US Open”, in Both Flesh And Not, Penguin, published 2013, page 139", "text": "I don't know whether that's true or whether New Yorkers are being enjoined from watering the mums in their window boxes or whatever, but I do know that there hasn't been one rain-delay in the whole tournament so far […].", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "A chrysanthemum." ], "id": "en-mum-en-noun-R4OnKx4F", "links": [ [ "chrysanthemum", "chrysanthemum" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(chiefly US) A chrysanthemum." ], "tags": [ "US" ] }, { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "American English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "kind": "other", "name": "Texas English", "parents": [], "source": "w" }, { "_dis": "1 1 26 29 8 13 4 2 13 3", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Talking", "orig": "en:Talking", "parents": [ "Human behaviour", "Language", "Human", "Communication", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "A decoration made originally of a real chrysanthemum but now usually an artificial (silk) flower combined with ribbons and marked with such indicators as the wearer's name, school name, the year, and so on; traditionally worn by girls at high school homecoming celebrations." ], "id": "en-mum-en-noun-P42gLtVa", "links": [ [ "decoration", "decoration" ], [ "artificial", "artificial" ], [ "silk", "silk" ], [ "flower", "flower" ], [ "ribbon", "ribbon" ], [ "indicator", "indicator" ], [ "wearer", "wearer" ], [ "name", "name" ], [ "school", "school" ], [ "year", "year" ], [ "traditional", "traditional" ], [ "girl", "girl" ], [ "high school", "high school" ], [ "homecoming", "homecoming" ], [ "celebration", "celebration" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(US, originally Texas) A decoration made originally of a real chrysanthemum but now usually an artificial (silk) flower combined with ribbons and marked with such indicators as the wearer's name, school name, the year, and so on; traditionally worn by girls at high school homecoming celebrations." ], "tags": [ "US" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "'mum" } ], "word": "mum" } { "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "keep mum" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "mum's the word" } ], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "mum" }, "expansion": "Middle English mum", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "mom", "3": "", "4": "silent" }, "expansion": "mom (“silent”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "title": "reminiscent" }, "expansion": "reminiscent", "name": "onomatopoeic" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Mumme", "3": "", "4": "mask" }, "expansion": "German Mumme (“mask”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English mum or mom (“silent”), reminiscent of the sound made when gagged or with a hand over one's mouth. Perhaps related to dated German Mumme (“mask”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "mum (not comparable)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "ref": "2021-11-02, Jim Tankersley, Katie Rogers, Lisa Friedman, quoting Joe Biden, “With Methane and Forest Deals, Climate Summit Offers Hope After Gloomy Start”, in The New York Times, →ISSN", "text": "[Vladimir Putin] has serious climate problems. And he has been mum on his willingness to do anything.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "Silent." ], "id": "en-mum-en-adj-j7lLUr20", "links": [ [ "Silent", "silent" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(colloquial) Silent." ], "tags": [ "colloquial", "not-comparable" ] }, { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "Secret." ], "id": "en-mum-en-adj-MvQSQPQg", "links": [ [ "Secret", "secret" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(colloquial) Secret." ], "tags": [ "colloquial", "not-comparable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "tags": [ "archaic", "verb" ], "word": "mumm" } ], "word": "mum" } { "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "mum" }, "expansion": "Middle English mum", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "mom", "3": "", "4": "silent" }, "expansion": "mom (“silent”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "title": "reminiscent" }, "expansion": "reminiscent", "name": "onomatopoeic" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Mumme", "3": "", "4": "mask" }, "expansion": "German Mumme (“mask”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English mum or mom (“silent”), reminiscent of the sound made when gagged or with a hand over one's mouth. Perhaps related to dated German Mumme (“mask”).", "forms": [ { "form": "mum!", "tags": [ "canonical" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "head": "mum!" }, "expansion": "mum!", "name": "en-interj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "intj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "1 1 26 29 8 13 4 2 13 3", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Talking", "orig": "en:Talking", "parents": [ "Human behaviour", "Language", "Human", "Communication", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "stop speaking!, stop talking!, hush!" ], "id": "en-mum-en-intj-M3cdkfpZ", "links": [ [ "stop", "stop" ], [ "speaking", "speak" ], [ "talking", "talk" ], [ "hush", "hush" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "tags": [ "archaic", "verb" ], "word": "mumm" } ], "word": "mum" } { "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "mum" }, "expansion": "Middle English mum", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "mom", "3": "", "4": "silent" }, "expansion": "mom (“silent”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "title": "reminiscent" }, "expansion": "reminiscent", "name": "onomatopoeic" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Mumme", "3": "", "4": "mask" }, "expansion": "German Mumme (“mask”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English mum or mom (“silent”), reminiscent of the sound made when gagged or with a hand over one's mouth. Perhaps related to dated German Mumme (“mask”).", "forms": [ { "form": "mums", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mumming", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "mummed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "mummed", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "mum (third-person singular simple present mums, present participle mumming, simple past and past participle mummed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "derived": [ { "word": "mummer" }, { "word": "mummery" } ], "glosses": [ "To act in a pantomime or dumb show." ], "id": "en-mum-en-verb-Elcl2dGm", "links": [ [ "act", "act" ], [ "pantomime", "pantomime" ], [ "dumb show", "dumb show" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "tags": [ "archaic", "verb" ], "word": "mumm" } ], "word": "mum" } { "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "mum" }, "expansion": "Middle English mum", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "mom", "3": "", "4": "silent" }, "expansion": "mom (“silent”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "title": "reminiscent" }, "expansion": "reminiscent", "name": "onomatopoeic" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Mumme", "3": "", "4": "mask" }, "expansion": "German Mumme (“mask”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English mum or mom (“silent”), reminiscent of the sound made when gagged or with a hand over one's mouth. Perhaps related to dated German Mumme (“mask”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "mum (uncountable)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "silence" ], "id": "en-mum-en-noun-5sGP2-WX", "links": [ [ "silence", "silence" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) silence" ], "tags": [ "obsolete", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "tags": [ "archaic", "verb" ], "word": "mumm" } ], "word": "mum" } { "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "de", "3": "Mumme", "id": "beer" }, "expansion": "German Mumme", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "German Mumme", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "mum (uncountable)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "A type of strong beer, originally made in Brunswick, Germany." ], "id": "en-mum-en-noun-Rv~mYI4l", "links": [ [ "beer", "beer" ], [ "Brunswick", "Brunswick" ], [ "Germany", "Germany" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "word": "mum" } { "etymology_number": 5, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ma'am" }, "expansion": "ma'am", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "A variant of ma'am.", "forms": [ { "form": "mums", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "mum (plural mums)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "ma'am" } ], "categories": [ { "_dis": "1 1 26 29 8 13 4 2 13 3", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "en", "name": "Talking", "orig": "en:Talking", "parents": [ "Human behaviour", "Language", "Human", "Communication", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Alternative spelling of ma'am" ], "id": "en-mum-en-noun-dbcQ2nAe", "links": [ [ "ma'am", "ma'am#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(informal, dated) Alternative spelling of ma'am" ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative", "dated", "informal" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "word": "mum" }
{ "categories": [ "en:Anthemideae tribe plants", "en:Female family members", "en:Parents", "en:People", "en:Talking" ], "derived": [ { "word": "ballet mum" }, { "word": "bank of mum and dad" }, { "word": "be mum" }, { "word": "gymslip mum" }, { "word": "mum-in-law" }, { "word": "mum jeans" }, { "word": "queen mum" }, { "word": "soccer mum" }, { "word": "stay mum" }, { "word": "tiger mum" }, { "word": "wine mum" }, { "word": "your mum" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "mam" }, "expansion": "mam", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "mummy" }, "expansion": "mummy", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "mom" }, "expansion": "mom", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "mama" }, "expansion": "mama", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "Alternative form of mam, or an abbreviation of mummy. Compare mom, mama.", "forms": [ { "form": "mums", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "mum (plural mums)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Australian English", "British English", "Canadian English", "English informal terms", "English terms with quotations", "Indian English", "Irish English", "New England English", "New Zealand English", "Singapore English", "South African English" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1987, Kerry Cue, Hang On To Your Horses Doovers, page 5", "text": "From the Marvel Mixmaster to the Miracle Microwave, every time a new-fangled gadget has lobbed into the Aussie kitchen, Aussie mums have changed their cooking styles accordingly.", "type": "quotation" }, { "ref": "1993, Hilda Hollingsworth, Places of Greater Safety, Zenobia Press edition, page 278", "text": "'Ooh Mum, Auntie don′t allow smokin’ - Pat′s eyes were round with awe as Mum struck a match." }, { "ref": "2004, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen, Irene Dunlap, Chicken Soup for the Preteen Soul 2, page 336", "text": "Her mum says that she is deaf and only partially sighted, so I need to go and stand in front of her, so she can see the gift.", "type": "quotation" }, { "ref": "2006, Kathryn Lasky, Guardians of Ga'Hoole, Book 11: To Be a King, page 88", "text": "“Mum! Mum!” he shouted out. The laughter stopped. Two bright, sparkling yellow eyes peeped from the hollow. Atop her head were the fluffy ear tufts that his mum was so proud of because they were fuller and lovelier than those of most Great Horned Owls. It was indeed his mum!" }, { "text": "2011, Chyna, FAM: Rolling in a London Girl Gang, unnumbered page,\nHe′s looking at my mum, at her swollen eyes, busted nose and bloodied lips. She′s mashed up something chronic, and the man who did this to her is my dad." } ], "glosses": [ "Mother." ], "links": [ [ "Mother", "mother" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(UK, Ireland, Canada, New England, South Africa, India, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, informal) Mother." ], "tags": [ "Australia", "Canada", "India", "Ireland", "New-England", "New-Zealand", "Singapore", "South-Africa", "UK", "informal" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "mam" }, { "word": "mom" }, { "tags": [ "US" ], "word": "Mom" }, { "word": "Mum" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "aa", "lang": "Afar", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "yayya" }, { "code": "af", "lang": "Afrikaans", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "sq", "lang": "Albanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔumm", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "أُمّ" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "māmā", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "مَامَا" }, { "code": "ar", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "māmān", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "مَامَان" }, { "code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "ماما" }, { "code": "arz", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mami", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Egyptian-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "مامى" }, { "code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔim", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "North-Levantine-Arabic" ], "word": "إم" }, { "code": "apc", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "North-Levantine-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "ماما" }, { "code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "ʔim", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "South-Levantine-Arabic" ], "word": "إم" }, { "code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "South-Levantine-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "ماما" }, { "code": "ajp", "lang": "Arabic", "roman": "yamma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "South-Levantine-Arabic", "feminine" ], "word": "يامّا" }, { "code": "hy", "lang": "Armenian", "roman": "mayrik", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "մայրիկ" }, { "code": "av", "lang": "Avar", "roman": "baba", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "баба" }, { "code": "eu", "lang": "Basque", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "amatxo" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "máma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́ма" }, { "code": "be", "lang": "Belarusian", "roman": "matúlja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "мату́ля" }, { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "máma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́ма" }, { "code": "my", "lang": "Burmese", "roman": "meme", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "မေမေ" }, { "code": "ca", "lang": "Catalan", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mama" }, { "code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "媽咪" }, { "code": "yue", "lang": "Chinese Cantonese", "roman": "maa¹ mi⁴, mai¹ mi⁴", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "妈咪" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "媽媽" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "māma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "妈妈" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "niáng", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "娘" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "媽" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "mā", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "妈" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "媽咪" }, { "code": "cmn", "lang": "Chinese Mandarin", "roman": "māmi", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "妈咪" }, { "code": "nan", "lang": "Min Nan Chinese", "roman": "a-bú", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "阿母" }, { "code": "nan", "lang": "Min Nan Chinese", "roman": "a-niâ", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "阿娘" }, { "code": "nan", "lang": "Min Nan Chinese", "roman": "lāu-bú", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "老母" }, { "code": "ckt", "lang": "Chukchi", "roman": "ymmė", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ыммэ" }, { "code": "ckt", "lang": "Chukchi", "roman": "ymmėmy", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ыммэмы" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "máma" }, { "code": "cs", "lang": "Czech", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "maminka" }, { "code": "da", "lang": "Danish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "mor" }, { "code": "sce", "lang": "Dongxiang", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ana" }, { "code": "nl", "lang": "Dutch", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "eo", "lang": "Esperanto", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "panjo" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ema" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "emme" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "amm" }, { "code": "et", "lang": "Estonian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "memm" }, { "code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "dada" }, { "code": "ee", "lang": "Ewe", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "nɔ" }, { "code": "fo", "lang": "Faroese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "äiskä" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "äippä" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mutsi" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "äiti" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "maman" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamá" }, { "code": "gl", "lang": "Galician", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "nai" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "deda", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "დედა" }, { "code": "ka", "lang": "Georgian", "roman": "dediḳo", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "დედიკო" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Mutti" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Mama" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Mami" }, { "code": "el", "lang": "Greek", "roman": "mamá", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "μαμά" }, { "code": "he", "lang": "Hebrew", "roman": "ímma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "אִמָּא" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "mā̃", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "माँ" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "mātājī", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "माताजी" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ammī", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "अम्मी" }, { "code": "hi", "lang": "Hindi", "roman": "ammā̃", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "अम्माँ" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "anya" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "anyu" }, { "code": "hu", "lang": "Hungarian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mama" }, { "code": "hrx", "lang": "Hunsrik", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Mamma" }, { "code": "io", "lang": "Ido", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mama" }, { "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mami" }, { "code": "id", "lang": "Indonesian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mama" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mam" }, { "code": "ga", "lang": "Irish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "maime" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamma" }, { "alt": "おかあさん", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "okāsan", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "お母さん" }, { "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ママ" }, { "alt": "はは", "code": "ja", "lang": "Japanese", "roman": "haha", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "母" }, { "code": "koi", "lang": "Komi-Permyak", "roman": "mam", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "мам" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eomma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "엄마" }, { "code": "ko", "lang": "Korean", "roman": "eomeoni", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "어머니" }, { "code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dayik" }, { "code": "kmr", "lang": "Northern Kurdish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "dê" }, { "code": "la", "lang": "Latin", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "māter" }, { "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "māmiņa" }, { "code": "lv", "lang": "Latvian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "ln", "lang": "Lingala", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mamá" }, { "code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "lt", "lang": "Lithuanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamytė" }, { "code": "mk", "lang": "Macedonian", "roman": "mama", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "мама" }, { "code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ibu" }, { "code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "bu" }, { "code": "ms", "lang": "Malay", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mak" }, { "code": "ml", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "amma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "അമ്മ" }, { "code": "ml", "english": "Muslims", "lang": "Malayalam", "roman": "umma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ഉമ്മ" }, { "code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "nana", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "нана" }, { "code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "gycci", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "гыцци" }, { "code": "os", "lang": "Ossetian", "roman": "mamæ", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "мамӕ" }, { "code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "mâdar", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Iranian Persian" ], "word": "مادَر" }, { "code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "mâmân", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Iranian Persian" ], "word": "مامان" }, { "code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "mâm", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Iranian Persian", "archaic" ], "word": "مام" }, { "code": "fa-ira", "lang": "Persian", "roman": "nane", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Iranian Persian" ], "word": "نَنِه" }, { "code": "ppl", "lang": "Pipil", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "-nān" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "pl", "lang": "Polish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamusia" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamãe" }, { "code": "pt", "lang": "Portuguese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamã" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mămică" }, { "code": "ro", "lang": "Romanian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "măicuță" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "máma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́ма" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mámočka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́мочка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mátuška", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́тушка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mamúsja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "маму́ся" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mámenʹka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́менька" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mamúlja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "маму́ля" }, { "code": "ru", "english": "can also sound impolite", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mamáša", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "мама́ша" }, { "code": "ru", "english": "can also sound impolite", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mámka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́мка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "mam", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "colloquial", "feminine", "vocative" ], "word": "мам" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "ma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "colloquial", "feminine", "vocative" ], "word": "ма" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamaidh" }, { "code": "gd", "lang": "Scottish Gaelic", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "màmag" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Cyrillic", "feminine" ], "word": "ма̏ма" }, { "code": "sh", "lang": "Serbo-Croatian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "Roman", "feminine" ], "word": "mȁma" }, { "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "sk", "lang": "Slovak", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamička" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "dsb", "lang": "Lower Sorbian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "maminka" }, { "code": "hsb", "lang": "Upper Sorbian", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mama" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mamá" }, { "code": "sw", "lang": "Swahili", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "nina" }, { "code": "sv", "lang": "Swedish", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "common-gender" ], "word": "mamma" }, { "code": "twf", "lang": "Taos", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "ká" }, { "code": "twf", "lang": "Taos", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "káʼȕ" }, { "code": "twf", "lang": "Taos", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "łáʼȕ" }, { "code": "tt", "lang": "Tatar", "roman": "äni", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "әни" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "kun mâe", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "คุณแม่" }, { "code": "th", "lang": "Thai", "roman": "mɛ̂ɛ", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "แม่" }, { "code": "tzj", "lang": "Tz'utujil", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "teeʼ" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "máma", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́ма" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "matúsja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "мату́ся" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "mátinka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "ма́тінка" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nénʹka", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "не́нька" }, { "code": "uk", "lang": "Ukrainian", "roman": "nénja", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "не́ня" }, { "code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "ammī", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "اَمّی" }, { "code": "ur", "lang": "Urdu", "roman": "ammā̃", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "اَمّاں" }, { "code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "mẹ" }, { "code": "vi", "lang": "Vietnamese", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "má" }, { "code": "vo", "lang": "Volapük", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "word": "motül" }, { "code": "cy", "lang": "Welsh", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "mam" }, { "code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "mame", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "מאַמע" }, { "code": "yi", "lang": "Yiddish", "roman": "mamele", "sense": "mother (informal, familiar)", "tags": [ "diminutive", "feminine" ], "word": "מאַמעלע" } ], "word": "mum" } { "categories": [ "en:Anthemideae tribe plants", "en:Female family members", "en:Parents", "en:People", "en:Talking" ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "chrysanthemum" }, "expansion": "chrysanthemum", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "Abbreviation of chrysanthemum.", "forms": [ { "form": "mums", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "mum (plural mums)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "American English", "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1996, David Foster Wallace, “Democracy and Commerce at the US Open”, in Both Flesh And Not, Penguin, published 2013, page 139", "text": "I don't know whether that's true or whether New Yorkers are being enjoined from watering the mums in their window boxes or whatever, but I do know that there hasn't been one rain-delay in the whole tournament so far […].", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "A chrysanthemum." ], "links": [ [ "chrysanthemum", "chrysanthemum" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(chiefly US) A chrysanthemum." ], "tags": [ "US" ] }, { "categories": [ "American English", "Texas English" ], "glosses": [ "A decoration made originally of a real chrysanthemum but now usually an artificial (silk) flower combined with ribbons and marked with such indicators as the wearer's name, school name, the year, and so on; traditionally worn by girls at high school homecoming celebrations." ], "links": [ [ "decoration", "decoration" ], [ "artificial", "artificial" ], [ "silk", "silk" ], [ "flower", "flower" ], [ "ribbon", "ribbon" ], [ "indicator", "indicator" ], [ "wearer", "wearer" ], [ "name", "name" ], [ "school", "school" ], [ "year", "year" ], [ "traditional", "traditional" ], [ "girl", "girl" ], [ "high school", "high school" ], [ "homecoming", "homecoming" ], [ "celebration", "celebration" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(US, originally Texas) A decoration made originally of a real chrysanthemum but now usually an artificial (silk) flower combined with ribbons and marked with such indicators as the wearer's name, school name, the year, and so on; traditionally worn by girls at high school homecoming celebrations." ], "tags": [ "US" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "'mum" } ], "word": "mum" } { "categories": [ "en:Anthemideae tribe plants", "en:Female family members", "en:Parents", "en:People", "en:Talking" ], "derived": [ { "word": "keep mum" }, { "word": "mum's the word" } ], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "mum" }, "expansion": "Middle English mum", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "mom", "3": "", "4": "silent" }, "expansion": "mom (“silent”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "title": "reminiscent" }, "expansion": "reminiscent", "name": "onomatopoeic" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Mumme", "3": "", "4": "mask" }, "expansion": "German Mumme (“mask”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English mum or mom (“silent”), reminiscent of the sound made when gagged or with a hand over one's mouth. Perhaps related to dated German Mumme (“mask”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "mum (not comparable)", "name": "en-adj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English colloquialisms", "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "2021-11-02, Jim Tankersley, Katie Rogers, Lisa Friedman, quoting Joe Biden, “With Methane and Forest Deals, Climate Summit Offers Hope After Gloomy Start”, in The New York Times, →ISSN", "text": "[Vladimir Putin] has serious climate problems. And he has been mum on his willingness to do anything.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "Silent." ], "links": [ [ "Silent", "silent" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(colloquial) Silent." ], "tags": [ "colloquial", "not-comparable" ] }, { "categories": [ "English colloquialisms" ], "glosses": [ "Secret." ], "links": [ [ "Secret", "secret" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(colloquial) Secret." ], "tags": [ "colloquial", "not-comparable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "archaic", "verb" ], "word": "mumm" } ], "word": "mum" } { "categories": [ "en:Anthemideae tribe plants", "en:Female family members", "en:Parents", "en:People", "en:Talking" ], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "mum" }, "expansion": "Middle English mum", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "mom", "3": "", "4": "silent" }, "expansion": "mom (“silent”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "title": "reminiscent" }, "expansion": "reminiscent", "name": "onomatopoeic" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Mumme", "3": "", "4": "mask" }, "expansion": "German Mumme (“mask”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English mum or mom (“silent”), reminiscent of the sound made when gagged or with a hand over one's mouth. Perhaps related to dated German Mumme (“mask”).", "forms": [ { "form": "mum!", "tags": [ "canonical" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "head": "mum!" }, "expansion": "mum!", "name": "en-interj" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "intj", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "stop speaking!, stop talking!, hush!" ], "links": [ [ "stop", "stop" ], [ "speaking", "speak" ], [ "talking", "talk" ], [ "hush", "hush" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "archaic", "verb" ], "word": "mumm" } ], "word": "mum" } { "categories": [ "en:Anthemideae tribe plants", "en:Female family members", "en:Parents", "en:People", "en:Talking" ], "derived": [ { "word": "mummer" }, { "word": "mummery" } ], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "mum" }, "expansion": "Middle English mum", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "mom", "3": "", "4": "silent" }, "expansion": "mom (“silent”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "title": "reminiscent" }, "expansion": "reminiscent", "name": "onomatopoeic" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Mumme", "3": "", "4": "mask" }, "expansion": "German Mumme (“mask”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English mum or mom (“silent”), reminiscent of the sound made when gagged or with a hand over one's mouth. Perhaps related to dated German Mumme (“mask”).", "forms": [ { "form": "mums", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "mumming", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "mummed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "mummed", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "mum (third-person singular simple present mums, present participle mumming, simple past and past participle mummed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "To act in a pantomime or dumb show." ], "links": [ [ "act", "act" ], [ "pantomime", "pantomime" ], [ "dumb show", "dumb show" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "archaic", "verb" ], "word": "mumm" } ], "word": "mum" } { "categories": [ "en:Anthemideae tribe plants", "en:Female family members", "en:Parents", "en:People", "en:Talking" ], "etymology_number": 3, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "mum" }, "expansion": "Middle English mum", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "mom", "3": "", "4": "silent" }, "expansion": "mom (“silent”)", "name": "m" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "title": "reminiscent" }, "expansion": "reminiscent", "name": "onomatopoeic" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Mumme", "3": "", "4": "mask" }, "expansion": "German Mumme (“mask”)", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English mum or mom (“silent”), reminiscent of the sound made when gagged or with a hand over one's mouth. Perhaps related to dated German Mumme (“mask”).", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "mum (uncountable)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with obsolete senses" ], "glosses": [ "silence" ], "links": [ [ "silence", "silence" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(obsolete) silence" ], "tags": [ "obsolete", "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "synonyms": [ { "tags": [ "archaic", "verb" ], "word": "mumm" } ], "word": "mum" } { "categories": [ "en:Anthemideae tribe plants", "en:Female family members", "en:Parents", "en:People", "en:Talking" ], "etymology_number": 4, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "de", "3": "Mumme", "id": "beer" }, "expansion": "German Mumme", "name": "bor" } ], "etymology_text": "German Mumme", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-" }, "expansion": "mum (uncountable)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "A type of strong beer, originally made in Brunswick, Germany." ], "links": [ [ "beer", "beer" ], [ "Brunswick", "Brunswick" ], [ "Germany", "Germany" ] ], "tags": [ "uncountable" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "word": "mum" } { "categories": [ "en:Anthemideae tribe plants", "en:Female family members", "en:Parents", "en:People", "en:Talking" ], "etymology_number": 5, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ma'am" }, "expansion": "ma'am", "name": "m" } ], "etymology_text": "A variant of ma'am.", "forms": [ { "form": "mums", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "mum (plural mums)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "alt_of": [ { "word": "ma'am" } ], "categories": [ "English dated terms", "English informal terms" ], "glosses": [ "Alternative spelling of ma'am" ], "links": [ [ "ma'am", "ma'am#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(informal, dated) Alternative spelling of ma'am" ], "tags": [ "alt-of", "alternative", "dated", "informal" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/mʌm/" }, { "rhymes": "-ʌm" }, { "audio": "en-us-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "US" ], "text": "Audio (US)" }, { "audio": "en-au-mum.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg", "tags": [ "Australia" ], "text": "Audio (AU)" } ], "word": "mum" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.