See má in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*-maːʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-maːʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*cəmaːʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic *cəmaːʔ (“cheek”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ril",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Riang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-nic-pro",
"2": "*samaː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nicobarese *samaː",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ncb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Central Nicobarese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bfw",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bondo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-maːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] maː³ (\"cheek\"), Arem umæːʔ (\"gills\"), Proto-Palaungic *cəmaːʔ (“cheek”) (whence Riang [Sak] sᵊmɑʔ²), Proto-Nicobarese *samaː (whence Central Nicobarese [Nancowry] shama (“jaw”)) and Bondo ǰama (\"jaw\").\nThis item might be an infixed form (nominalizing *-m-) of the root *ca(ː)ʔ (“to eat”), as suggested in Sidwell (2018).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cái",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "𦟐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𦟐"
},
"expansion": "má • (𦟐)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦟐",
"cls": "cái"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cái) má • (𦟐)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "vi:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 42 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns classified by cái",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 19 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Face",
"orig": "vi:Face",
"parents": [
"Head and neck",
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Female",
"orig": "vi:Female",
"parents": [
"Gender",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bạc má"
},
{
"word": "má đào"
},
{
"word": "má hồng"
},
{
"word": "má phấn môi son"
},
{
"word": "mông má"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cheek"
],
"id": "en-má-vi-noun-NUmyogXm",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) cheek"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-má.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "má"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "媽"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "媽//",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">ma</i>",
"t": "mother",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 媽 (“mother”, SV: ma)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "媽",
"2": "mother",
"3": "ma",
"hv": "n"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 媽 (“mother”, SV: ma)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 媽 (“mother”, SV: ma), ultimately a nursery word. Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị (1895) directly annotates this as kêu theo tiếng Khách (\"way of calling from Chinese\") and it was also often paired with tía (another Chinese loan) to form tía má.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "媽",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𦟐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "媽, 𦟐"
},
"expansion": "má • (媽, 𦟐)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "媽, 𦟐"
},
"expansion": "má • (媽, 𦟐)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 42 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 63 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Parents",
"orig": "vi:Parents",
"parents": [
"Family members",
"Family",
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ba má"
},
{
"word": "tía má"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mother; mom"
],
"id": "en-má-vi-noun-xD-pbBD~",
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother"
],
[
"mom",
"mom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Vietnam) mother; mom"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mạ"
},
{
"word": "mẹ"
},
{
"word": "mợ"
},
{
"word": "u"
},
{
"word": "bầm"
},
{
"word": "đẻ"
}
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-má.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "má"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*s-maːʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *s-maːʔ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *s-maːʔ, whence also mạ (“rice seedlings”), the form used in isolation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𥡗",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𥡗"
},
"expansion": "má • (𥡗)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𥡗"
},
"expansion": "má • (𥡗)",
"name": "vi-noun"
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],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 42 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "giấy má"
},
{
"word": "giống má"
},
{
"word": "lúa má"
},
{
"word": "số má"
},
{
"word": "thuế má"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rice seedlings"
],
"id": "en-má-vi-noun-dHqr9R4J",
"links": [
[
"rice",
"rice"
],
[
"seedling",
"seedling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only in compounds) rice seedlings"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-má.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "má"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Vietnamese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns classified by cái",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Face",
"vi:Female",
"vi:Parents"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bạc má"
},
{
"word": "má đào"
},
{
"word": "má hồng"
},
{
"word": "má phấn môi son"
},
{
"word": "mông má"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*-maːʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-maːʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Arem",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pal-pro",
"2": "*cəmaːʔ",
"3": "",
"4": "cheek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Palaungic *cəmaːʔ (“cheek”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ril",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Riang",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-nic-pro",
"2": "*samaː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nicobarese *samaː",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ncb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Central Nicobarese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bfw",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Bondo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-maːʔ, from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Tho [Cuối Chăm] maː³ (\"cheek\"), Arem umæːʔ (\"gills\"), Proto-Palaungic *cəmaːʔ (“cheek”) (whence Riang [Sak] sᵊmɑʔ²), Proto-Nicobarese *samaː (whence Central Nicobarese [Nancowry] shama (“jaw”)) and Bondo ǰama (\"jaw\").\nThis item might be an infixed form (nominalizing *-m-) of the root *ca(ː)ʔ (“to eat”), as suggested in Sidwell (2018).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cái",
"tags": [
"classifier"
]
},
{
"form": "𦟐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𦟐"
},
"expansion": "má • (𦟐)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦟐",
"cls": "cái"
},
"expansion": "(classifier cái) má • (𦟐)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"vi:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"cheek"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) cheek"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-má.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "má"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Face",
"vi:Female",
"vi:Parents"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ba má"
},
{
"word": "tía má"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "媽"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "zh",
"3": "媽//",
"pos": "SV: <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"vi\">ma</i>",
"t": "mother",
"tr": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 媽 (“mother”, SV: ma)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "媽",
"2": "mother",
"3": "ma",
"hv": "n"
},
"expansion": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 媽 (“mother”, SV: ma)",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 媽 (“mother”, SV: ma), ultimately a nursery word. Đại Nam quấc âm tự vị (1895) directly annotates this as kêu theo tiếng Khách (\"way of calling from Chinese\") and it was also often paired with tía (another Chinese loan) to form tía má.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "媽",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𦟐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "媽, 𦟐"
},
"expansion": "má • (媽, 𦟐)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "媽, 𦟐"
},
"expansion": "má • (媽, 𦟐)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Southern Vietnamese"
],
"glosses": [
"mother; mom"
],
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother"
],
[
"mom",
"mom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Southern Vietnam) mother; mom"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mạ"
},
{
"word": "mẹ"
},
{
"word": "mợ"
},
{
"word": "u"
},
{
"word": "bầm"
},
{
"word": "đẻ"
}
],
"tags": [
"Southern",
"Vietnam"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-má.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav.mp3",
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}
],
"word": "má"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Face",
"vi:Female",
"vi:Parents"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "giấy má"
},
{
"word": "giống má"
},
{
"word": "lúa má"
},
{
"word": "số má"
},
{
"word": "thuế má"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*s-maːʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *s-maːʔ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *s-maːʔ, whence also mạ (“rice seedlings”), the form used in isolation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𥡗",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𥡗"
},
"expansion": "má • (𥡗)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𥡗"
},
"expansion": "má • (𥡗)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rice seedlings"
],
"links": [
[
"rice",
"rice"
],
[
"seedling",
"seedling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only in compounds) rice seedlings"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[maː˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[maː˦˥]",
"note": "Saigon"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Jessica Nguyen (Pamputt)-má.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Jessica_Nguyen_%28Pamputt%29-m%C3%A1.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "má"
}
Download raw JSONL data for má meaning in Vietnamese (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (db8a5a5 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.