See cái in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cái meaning in Vietnamese (17.7kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "cảy"
},
"expansion": "cảy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "個",
"3": "",
"4": "one thing; classifier"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 個／个 (“one thing; classifier”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "kiến",
"3": "",
"4": "an ant"
},
"expansion": "kiến (“an ant”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ba ba",
"3": "baba",
"4": "a soft-shell turtle"
},
"expansion": "baba (“a soft-shell turtle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "con"
},
"expansion": "con",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cảy lòi",
"3": "",
"4": "a wild boar"
},
"expansion": "cảy lòi (“a wild boar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cảy ca",
"3": "",
"4": "a chicken"
},
"expansion": "cảy ca (“a chicken”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Muong Bi cảy, Tho [Cuối Chăm] keː³, Chut [Mày] kɛ⁴ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018), Chut [Rục] kɛ⁴ (Nguyễn Văn Lợi, 1993).\nOften linked with Chinese 個／个 (“one thing; classifier”) (for example, in Alves (2007)); however, as seen with the cognates in the more conservative languages, the earlier vowel can be ascertained to be a monophthongal non-low front vowel, which makes connection with the Chinese term very much doubtful, although semantic influence is still possible.\nIn Middle Vietnamese, this classifier is also attested to be used for certain animals (e.g. cái kiến (“an ant”), cái baba (“a soft-shell turtle”)). However, in Modern Vietnamese, this function has been completely taken over by the general animate classifier con. Although sometimes characterized as historically being used for animals that are on the smaller size, plenty of small animals took con instead.\nIn Muong dialects, this usage can also be seen. For example, Muong Bi has cảy lòi (“a wild boar”), cảy ca (“a chicken”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫡔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "classifier",
"head": "",
"tr": "丐, 𫡔"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𫡔)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "丐, 𫡔"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𫡔)",
"name": "vi-cls"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "classifier",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "chiếc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "con"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Essentially, teeth and hair tell how good one looks.",
"text": "Cái răng cái tóc là góc con người.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates an inanimate, tangible thing"
],
"id": "en-cái-vi-classifier-H4fnwnqE",
"links": [
[
"inanimate",
"inanimate#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Lý hạng ca dao 里巷歌謠 (Folk-ballads from the hamlets and alleys), folio 36a\n丐𪂲丐𪅥丐𪆯\n𫳵𡮠踸𪽣穭翁唉𪂲\nCái cò cái vạc cái nông;\nSao mày giẫm ruộng lúa ông hỡi cò?\nThe stork, the heron, the pelican;\nWhy troddest thou on my paddy rice, oh stork?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates animals"
],
"id": "en-cái-vi-classifier-noIuyNJn",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Indicates animals"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 12 57 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 11 11 42 7 7 1 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Take this knife and hand it to your mom.",
"text": "Cầm cái con dao này đưa cho mẹ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Cái thằng đần thối này!\nYou moron!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Precedes another classifier (any one but “cái” itself), effectively acting as a focus marker, sometimes conveying a connotation of deprecation, especially if persons are referred to."
],
"id": "en-cái-vi-classifier-JCNcGJ4d",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Precedes another classifier (any one but “cái” itself), effectively acting as a focus marker, sometimes conveying a connotation of deprecation, especially if persons are referred to."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "cái"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "cảy"
},
"expansion": "cảy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "個",
"3": "",
"4": "one thing; classifier"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 個／个 (“one thing; classifier”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "kiến",
"3": "",
"4": "an ant"
},
"expansion": "kiến (“an ant”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ba ba",
"3": "baba",
"4": "a soft-shell turtle"
},
"expansion": "baba (“a soft-shell turtle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "con"
},
"expansion": "con",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cảy lòi",
"3": "",
"4": "a wild boar"
},
"expansion": "cảy lòi (“a wild boar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cảy ca",
"3": "",
"4": "a chicken"
},
"expansion": "cảy ca (“a chicken”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Muong Bi cảy, Tho [Cuối Chăm] keː³, Chut [Mày] kɛ⁴ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018), Chut [Rục] kɛ⁴ (Nguyễn Văn Lợi, 1993).\nOften linked with Chinese 個／个 (“one thing; classifier”) (for example, in Alves (2007)); however, as seen with the cognates in the more conservative languages, the earlier vowel can be ascertained to be a monophthongal non-low front vowel, which makes connection with the Chinese term very much doubtful, although semantic influence is still possible.\nIn Middle Vietnamese, this classifier is also attested to be used for certain animals (e.g. cái kiến (“an ant”), cái baba (“a soft-shell turtle”)). However, in Modern Vietnamese, this function has been completely taken over by the general animate classifier con. Although sometimes characterized as historically being used for animals that are on the smaller size, plenty of small animals took con instead.\nIn Muong dialects, this usage can also be seen. For example, Muong Bi has cảy lòi (“a wild boar”), cảy ca (“a chicken”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫡔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "丐, 𫡔"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𫡔)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "丐, 𫡔"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𫡔)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "liquid; liquid part of a broth",
"word": "nước"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a whisk (literally, “the thing for whisking eggs”)",
"text": "cái đánh trứng",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "beauty / the Beautiful (literally, “the beautiful thing / the thing of beauty”)",
"text": "cái đẹp",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "greatness / grandeur / the Sublime (literally, “the great/grand(iose) thing”)",
"text": "cái cao cả",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a thing; a whatsit"
],
"id": "en-cái-vi-noun-Ihg1AKHU",
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"whatsit",
"whatsit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only in compounds) a thing; a whatsit"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "đồ"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 11 14 8 9 32 1 25",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Foods",
"orig": "vi:Foods",
"parents": [
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(literally, “As for this broth, only the liquid part is good, as for its solid bits, they suck.”)",
"roman": "Only the liquid part of this broth tastes good, the solid bits suck.",
"text": "Canh này thì chỉ có nước là ngon, còn cái thì dở ẹc.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the solid bits of a broth"
],
"id": "en-cái-vi-noun-CeoX3eda",
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"bit",
"bit"
],
[
"broth",
"broth"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "cái"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*-keːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "woman; female"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "gái"
},
"expansion": "gái",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "布蓋大王",
"id": "1, 1, 1, 1"
},
"expansion": "布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Bố Cái Đại Vương"
},
"expansion": "Bố Cái Đại Vương",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vua",
"3": "",
"4": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "vua (“monarch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大王"
},
"expansion": "大王",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”). Compare gái.\nAttested in the title of Phùng Hưng, 布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang) (SV: Bố Cái Đại Vương), with the first two characters rendering words ancestral to modern vua (“monarch”) and cái (\"great, main\"), equivalent to the Chinese 大王 nexts to it, i.e. the title is the phrase \"great king/monarch\" written in two languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡛔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡡇",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "匃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "個",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"mother"
],
"id": "en-cái-vi-noun-zwYi7ypm",
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) mother"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "con dại cái mang"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "cấy"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Phùng Hưng"
],
"word": "cái"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*-keːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "woman; female"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "gái"
},
"expansion": "gái",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "布蓋大王",
"id": "1, 1, 1, 1"
},
"expansion": "布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Bố Cái Đại Vương"
},
"expansion": "Bố Cái Đại Vương",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vua",
"3": "",
"4": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "vua (“monarch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大王"
},
"expansion": "大王",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”). Compare gái.\nAttested in the title of Phùng Hưng, 布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang) (SV: Bố Cái Đại Vương), with the first two characters rendering words ancestral to modern vua (“monarch”) and cái (\"great, main\"), equivalent to the Chinese 大王 nexts to it, i.e. the title is the phrase \"great king/monarch\" written in two languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡛔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡡇",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "匃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "個",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "con gái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cô gái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "đàn bà"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phụ nữ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "đực"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bèo cái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cầm cái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chữ cái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "giống cái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "khẩu cái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ngón cái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nhà cái"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 0 4 20 6 4 2 0 11",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Female animals",
"orig": "vi:Female animals",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Female",
"Lifeforms",
"Gender",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "carpellate flower; female flower",
"text": "hoa cái",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a pistil",
"text": "nhị cái",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female"
],
"id": "en-cái-vi-adj-nxZROajC",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a non-human and non-avian species of animal or plant or their reproductive organs) female"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a non-human and non-avian species of animal or plant or their reproductive organs"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the big river",
"text": "sông cái",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the big toe",
"text": "ngón chân cái",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"big, large, main"
],
"id": "en-cái-vi-adj-1PxVPW58",
"links": [
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"main",
"main"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly in compounds) big, large, main"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "cấy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "human",
"word": "gái"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nữ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bird and fish",
"word": "mái"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Phùng Hưng"
],
"word": "cái"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*-keːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "woman; female"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "gái"
},
"expansion": "gái",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "布蓋大王",
"id": "1, 1, 1, 1"
},
"expansion": "布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Bố Cái Đại Vương"
},
"expansion": "Bố Cái Đại Vương",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vua",
"3": "",
"4": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "vua (“monarch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大王"
},
"expansion": "大王",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”). Compare gái.\nAttested in the title of Phùng Hưng, 布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang) (SV: Bố Cái Đại Vương), with the first two characters rendering words ancestral to modern vua (“monarch”) and cái (\"great, main\"), equivalent to the Chinese 大王 nexts to it, i.e. the title is the phrase \"great king/monarch\" written in two languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡛔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡡇",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "匃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "個",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Vietnamese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 13 20 14 14 3 0 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Cái Bống là cái bống bang"
},
{
"text": "Khéo sảy khéo sàng cho mẹ nấu cơm"
},
{
"text": "Mẹ Bống đi chợ đường trơn"
},
{
"text": "Bống ra gánh đỡ chạy cơn mưa ròng.\nOh, Little, Little Goby\nSieves the rice so skillfully, so that Mommy can cook it.\nGoby's Mommy has returned from the market on a slippy road\nGoby goes help her carry the pole, to get away from the heavy rain."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Title affixed to rural young girls' names."
],
"id": "en-cái-vi-prefix-kjjeK9Wd",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Vietnam) Title affixed to rural young girls' names."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "con"
},
{
"word": "nhỏ"
}
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "cấy"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Phùng Hưng"
],
"word": "cái"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese classifiers",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese prefixes",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Female animals",
"vi:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "cảy"
},
"expansion": "cảy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "個",
"3": "",
"4": "one thing; classifier"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 個／个 (“one thing; classifier”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "kiến",
"3": "",
"4": "an ant"
},
"expansion": "kiến (“an ant”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ba ba",
"3": "baba",
"4": "a soft-shell turtle"
},
"expansion": "baba (“a soft-shell turtle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "con"
},
"expansion": "con",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cảy lòi",
"3": "",
"4": "a wild boar"
},
"expansion": "cảy lòi (“a wild boar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cảy ca",
"3": "",
"4": "a chicken"
},
"expansion": "cảy ca (“a chicken”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Muong Bi cảy, Tho [Cuối Chăm] keː³, Chut [Mày] kɛ⁴ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018), Chut [Rục] kɛ⁴ (Nguyễn Văn Lợi, 1993).\nOften linked with Chinese 個／个 (“one thing; classifier”) (for example, in Alves (2007)); however, as seen with the cognates in the more conservative languages, the earlier vowel can be ascertained to be a monophthongal non-low front vowel, which makes connection with the Chinese term very much doubtful, although semantic influence is still possible.\nIn Middle Vietnamese, this classifier is also attested to be used for certain animals (e.g. cái kiến (“an ant”), cái baba (“a soft-shell turtle”)). However, in Modern Vietnamese, this function has been completely taken over by the general animate classifier con. Although sometimes characterized as historically being used for animals that are on the smaller size, plenty of small animals took con instead.\nIn Muong dialects, this usage can also be seen. For example, Muong Bi has cảy lòi (“a wild boar”), cảy ca (“a chicken”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫡔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "classifier",
"head": "",
"tr": "丐, 𫡔"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𫡔)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "丐, 𫡔"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𫡔)",
"name": "vi-cls"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "classifier",
"related": [
{
"word": "chiếc"
},
{
"word": "con"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Essentially, teeth and hair tell how good one looks.",
"text": "Cái răng cái tóc là góc con người.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates an inanimate, tangible thing"
],
"links": [
[
"inanimate",
"inanimate#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with obsolete senses",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Lý hạng ca dao 里巷歌謠 (Folk-ballads from the hamlets and alleys), folio 36a\n丐𪂲丐𪅥丐𪆯\n𫳵𡮠踸𪽣穭翁唉𪂲\nCái cò cái vạc cái nông;\nSao mày giẫm ruộng lúa ông hỡi cò?\nThe stork, the heron, the pelican;\nWhy troddest thou on my paddy rice, oh stork?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates animals"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Indicates animals"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese colloquialisms",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Take this knife and hand it to your mom.",
"text": "Cầm cái con dao này đưa cho mẹ.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Cái thằng đần thối này!\nYou moron!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Precedes another classifier (any one but “cái” itself), effectively acting as a focus marker, sometimes conveying a connotation of deprecation, especially if persons are referred to."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Precedes another classifier (any one but “cái” itself), effectively acting as a focus marker, sometimes conveying a connotation of deprecation, especially if persons are referred to."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "cái"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese classifiers",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese prefixes",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Female animals",
"vi:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "cảy"
},
"expansion": "cảy",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "scb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Chut",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "個",
"3": "",
"4": "one thing; classifier"
},
"expansion": "Chinese 個／个 (“one thing; classifier”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "kiến",
"3": "",
"4": "an ant"
},
"expansion": "kiến (“an ant”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "ba ba",
"3": "baba",
"4": "a soft-shell turtle"
},
"expansion": "baba (“a soft-shell turtle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "con"
},
"expansion": "con",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Muong",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cảy lòi",
"3": "",
"4": "a wild boar"
},
"expansion": "cảy lòi (“a wild boar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cảy ca",
"3": "",
"4": "a chicken"
},
"expansion": "cảy ca (“a chicken”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Muong Bi cảy, Tho [Cuối Chăm] keː³, Chut [Mày] kɛ⁴ (Babaev & Samarina, 2018), Chut [Rục] kɛ⁴ (Nguyễn Văn Lợi, 1993).\nOften linked with Chinese 個／个 (“one thing; classifier”) (for example, in Alves (2007)); however, as seen with the cognates in the more conservative languages, the earlier vowel can be ascertained to be a monophthongal non-low front vowel, which makes connection with the Chinese term very much doubtful, although semantic influence is still possible.\nIn Middle Vietnamese, this classifier is also attested to be used for certain animals (e.g. cái kiến (“an ant”), cái baba (“a soft-shell turtle”)). However, in Modern Vietnamese, this function has been completely taken over by the general animate classifier con. Although sometimes characterized as historically being used for animals that are on the smaller size, plenty of small animals took con instead.\nIn Muong dialects, this usage can also be seen. For example, Muong Bi has cảy lòi (“a wild boar”), cảy ca (“a chicken”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫡔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "丐, 𫡔"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𫡔)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "丐, 𫡔"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𫡔)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "liquid; liquid part of a broth",
"word": "nước"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a whisk (literally, “the thing for whisking eggs”)",
"text": "cái đánh trứng",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "beauty / the Beautiful (literally, “the beautiful thing / the thing of beauty”)",
"text": "cái đẹp",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "greatness / grandeur / the Sublime (literally, “the great/grand(iose) thing”)",
"text": "cái cao cả",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a thing; a whatsit"
],
"links": [
[
"thing",
"thing"
],
[
"whatsit",
"whatsit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(only in compounds) a thing; a whatsit"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "đồ"
}
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(literally, “As for this broth, only the liquid part is good, as for its solid bits, they suck.”)",
"roman": "Only the liquid part of this broth tastes good, the solid bits suck.",
"text": "Canh này thì chỉ có nước là ngon, còn cái thì dở ẹc.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the solid bits of a broth"
],
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"bit",
"bit"
],
[
"broth",
"broth"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"word": "cái"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese prefixes",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Female animals",
"vi:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*-keːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "woman; female"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "gái"
},
"expansion": "gái",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "布蓋大王",
"id": "1, 1, 1, 1"
},
"expansion": "布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Bố Cái Đại Vương"
},
"expansion": "Bố Cái Đại Vương",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vua",
"3": "",
"4": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "vua (“monarch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大王"
},
"expansion": "大王",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”). Compare gái.\nAttested in the title of Phùng Hưng, 布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang) (SV: Bố Cái Đại Vương), with the first two characters rendering words ancestral to modern vua (“monarch”) and cái (\"great, main\"), equivalent to the Chinese 大王 nexts to it, i.e. the title is the phrase \"great king/monarch\" written in two languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡛔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡡇",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "匃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "個",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "con dại cái mang"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"mother"
],
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) mother"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "cấy"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Phùng Hưng"
],
"word": "cái"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese prefixes",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Female animals",
"vi:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*-keːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "woman; female"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "gái"
},
"expansion": "gái",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "布蓋大王",
"id": "1, 1, 1, 1"
},
"expansion": "布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Bố Cái Đại Vương"
},
"expansion": "Bố Cái Đại Vương",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vua",
"3": "",
"4": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "vua (“monarch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大王"
},
"expansion": "大王",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”). Compare gái.\nAttested in the title of Phùng Hưng, 布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang) (SV: Bố Cái Đại Vương), with the first two characters rendering words ancestral to modern vua (“monarch”) and cái (\"great, main\"), equivalent to the Chinese 大王 nexts to it, i.e. the title is the phrase \"great king/monarch\" written in two languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡛔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡡇",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "匃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "個",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái • (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "con gái"
},
{
"word": "cô gái"
},
{
"word": "đàn bà"
},
{
"word": "phụ nữ"
},
{
"word": "mái"
},
{
"word": "đực"
},
{
"word": "bèo cái"
},
{
"word": "cầm cái"
},
{
"word": "chữ cái"
},
{
"word": "giống cái"
},
{
"word": "khẩu cái"
},
{
"word": "ngón cái"
},
{
"word": "nhà cái"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "carpellate flower; female flower",
"text": "hoa cái",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a pistil",
"text": "nhị cái",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female"
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a non-human and non-avian species of animal or plant or their reproductive organs) female"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a non-human and non-avian species of animal or plant or their reproductive organs"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the big river",
"text": "sông cái",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the big toe",
"text": "ngón chân cái",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"big, large, main"
],
"links": [
[
"big",
"big"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"main",
"main"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly in compounds) big, large, main"
],
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "human",
"word": "gái"
},
{
"word": "nữ"
},
{
"english": "bird and fish",
"word": "mái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "cấy"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Phùng Hưng"
],
"word": "cái"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese prefixes",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Female animals",
"vi:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*-keːʔ",
"4": "",
"5": "woman; female"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "gái"
},
"expansion": "gái",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "布蓋大王",
"id": "1, 1, 1, 1"
},
"expansion": "布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang)",
"name": "ltc-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Bố Cái Đại Vương"
},
"expansion": "Bố Cái Đại Vương",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "vua",
"3": "",
"4": "monarch"
},
"expansion": "vua (“monarch”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "大王"
},
"expansion": "大王",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *-keːʔ (“woman; female”). Compare gái.\nAttested in the title of Phùng Hưng, 布蓋大王 (MC puH kajH dajH hjwang) (SV: Bố Cái Đại Vương), with the first two characters rendering words ancestral to modern vua (“monarch”) and cái (\"great, main\"), equivalent to the Chinese 大王 nexts to it, i.e. the title is the phrase \"great king/monarch\" written in two languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "丐",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡛔",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𡡇",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "匃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "個",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個"
},
"expansion": "cái (丐, 𡛔, 𡡇, 匃, 個)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Vietnamese"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Cái Bống là cái bống bang"
},
{
"text": "Khéo sảy khéo sàng cho mẹ nấu cơm"
},
{
"text": "Mẹ Bống đi chợ đường trơn"
},
{
"text": "Bống ra gánh đỡ chạy cơn mưa ròng.\nOh, Little, Little Goby\nSieves the rice so skillfully, so that Mommy can cook it.\nGoby's Mommy has returned from the market on a slippy road\nGoby goes help her carry the pole, to get away from the heavy rain."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Title affixed to rural young girls' names."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Vietnam) Title affixed to rural young girls' names."
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Vietnam",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˧˦]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˨˩˦]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kaːj˦˥]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "con"
},
{
"word": "nhỏ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "cấy"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Phùng Hưng"
],
"word": "cái"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.