See mum on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Alternative form of mam, or an abbreviation of mummy. Compare mom, mama.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mum (plural mums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "11 1 7 42 3 14 8 4 7 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anthemideae tribe plants",
"orig": "en:Anthemideae tribe plants",
"parents": [
"Composites",
"Asterales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "9 1 2 69 1 9 2 1 4 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Female family members",
"orig": "en:Female family members",
"parents": [
"Family members",
"Female people",
"Family",
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
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"Society"
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{
"_dis": "11 1 3 61 1 12 5 1 3 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Parents",
"orig": "en:Parents",
"parents": [
"Family members",
"Family",
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"kind": "topical",
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"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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{
"_dis": "8 1 21 32 6 12 4 2 12 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "en:Talking",
"parents": [
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"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ballet mum"
},
{
"word": "bank of mum and dad"
},
{
"word": "be mum"
},
{
"word": "gymslip mum"
},
{
"word": "mum-in-law"
},
{
"word": "mum jeans"
},
{
"word": "queen mum"
},
{
"word": "soccer mum"
},
{
"word": "stay mum"
},
{
"word": "tiger mum"
},
{
"word": "wine mum"
},
{
"word": "your mum"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1987, Kerry Cue, Hang On To Your Horses Doovers, page 5:",
"text": "From the Marvel Mixmaster to the Miracle Microwave, every time a new-fangled gadget has lobbed into the Aussie kitchen, Aussie mums have changed their cooking styles accordingly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Hilda Hollingsworth, Places of Greater Safety, Zenobia Press edition, page 278:",
"text": "'Ooh Mum, Auntie don′t allow smokin’ - Pat′s eyes were round with awe as Mum struck a match.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen, Irene Dunlap, Chicken Soup for the Preteen Soul 2, page 336:",
"text": "Her mum says that she is deaf and only partially sighted, so I need to go and stand in front of her, so she can see the gift.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Kathryn Lasky, Guardians of Ga'Hoole, Book 11: To Be a King, page 88",
"text": "“Mum! Mum!” he shouted out. The laughter stopped. Two bright, sparkling yellow eyes peeped from the hollow. Atop her head were the fluffy ear tufts that his mum was so proud of because they were fuller and lovelier than those of most Great Horned Owls. It was indeed his mum!"
},
{
"text": "2011, Chyna, FAM: Rolling in a London Girl Gang, unnumbered page,\nHe′s looking at my mum, at her swollen eyes, busted nose and bloodied lips. She′s mashed up something chronic, and the man who did this to her is my dad."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Mother."
],
"id": "en-mum-en-noun-D8R-RXlL",
"links": [
[
"Mother",
"mother"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Ireland, Canada, New England, South Africa, India, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, informal) Mother."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mam"
},
{
"word": "mom"
},
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "Mom"
},
{
"word": "Mum"
}
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"Canada",
"India",
"Ireland",
"New-England",
"New-Zealand",
"Singapore",
"South-Africa",
"UK",
"informal"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "aa",
"lang": "Afar",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "yayya"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔumm",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أُمّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "māmā",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَامَا"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "māmān",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَامَان"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ماما"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mami",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "مامى"
},
{
"code": "apc",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔim",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"North-Levantine-Arabic"
],
"word": "إم"
},
{
"code": "apc",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"North-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ماما"
},
{
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔim",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic"
],
"word": "إم"
},
{
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ماما"
},
{
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yamma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "يامّا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mayrik",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "մայրիկ"
},
{
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "baba",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "баба"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "amatxo"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "máma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́ма"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "matúlja",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мату́ля"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "máma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́ма"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "meme",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "မေမေ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "媽咪"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "maa¹ mi⁴, mai¹ mi⁴",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "妈咪"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "阿母"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "阿娘"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "老母"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "媽媽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "māma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "妈妈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "niáng",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "娘"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "媽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mā",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "妈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "媽咪"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "māmi",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "妈咪"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ymmė",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ыммэ"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ymmėmy",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ыммэмы"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "máma"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maminka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mor"
},
{
"code": "sce",
"lang": "Dongxiang",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ana"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "panjo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ema"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "emme"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "amm"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "memm"
},
{
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "dada"
},
{
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "nɔ"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "äiskä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "äippä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mutsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "äiti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maman"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamá"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nai"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "deda",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "დედა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dediḳo",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "დედიკო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutti"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mama"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mami"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mamá",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαμά"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ímma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אִמָּא"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mā̃",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "माँ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mātājī",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "माताजी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ammī",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अम्मी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ammā̃",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अम्माँ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "anya"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "anyu"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "hrx",
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mamma"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mami"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mam"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maime"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"alt": "おかあさん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "okāsan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "お母さん"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ママ"
},
{
"alt": "はは",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "haha",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "母"
},
{
"code": "koi",
"lang": "Komi-Permyak",
"roman": "mam",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "мам"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eomma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "엄마"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eomeoni",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "어머니"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dayik"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dê"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "māter"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "māmiņa"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mamá"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamytė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мама"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ibu"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "bu"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mak"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "അമ്മ"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"english": "Muslims",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "umma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ഉമ്മ"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "nana",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "нана"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "gycci",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "гыцци"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "mamæ",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "мамӕ"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâdar",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "مادَر"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâmân",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "مامان"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâm",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "مام"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "nane",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "نَنِه"
},
{
"code": "ppl",
"lang": "Pipil",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "-nān"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamusia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamãe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamã"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mămică"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "măicuță"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "máma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́ма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mámočka",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́мочка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mátuška",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́тушка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mamúsja",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "маму́ся"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mámenʹka",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́менька"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mamúlja",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "маму́ля"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "can also sound impolite",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mamáša",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мама́ша"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "can also sound impolite",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mámka",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́мка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mam",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine",
"vocative"
],
"word": "мам"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine",
"vocative"
],
"word": "ма"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamaidh"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "màmag"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма̏ма"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "mȁma"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamička"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maminka"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "мама"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "ene",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "эне"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamá"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "nina"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ká"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "káʼȕ"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "łáʼȕ"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "äni",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "әни"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kun mâe",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "คุณแม่"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mɛ̂ɛ",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "แม่"
},
{
"code": "tzj",
"lang": "Tz'utujil",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "teeʼ"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "máma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́ма"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "matúsja",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мату́ся"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mátinka",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́тінка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nénʹka",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "не́нька"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nénja",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "не́ня"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ammī",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "اَمّی"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ammā̃",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "اَمّاں"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mẹ"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "má"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "motül"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mam"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "mame",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מאַמע"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "mamele",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"feminine"
],
"word": "מאַמעלע"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-mum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "Abbreviation of chrysanthemum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mum (plural mums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1996, David Foster Wallace, “Democracy and Commerce at the US Open”, in Both Flesh And Not, Penguin, published 2013, page 139:",
"text": "I don't know whether that's true or whether New Yorkers are being enjoined from watering the mums in their window boxes or whatever, but I do know that there hasn't been one rain-delay in the whole tournament so far […].",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A chrysanthemum."
],
"id": "en-mum-en-noun-R4OnKx4F",
"links": [
[
"chrysanthemum",
"chrysanthemum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly US) A chrysanthemum."
],
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Texas English",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A decoration made originally of a real chrysanthemum but now usually an artificial (silk) flower combined with ribbons and marked with such indicators as the wearer's name, school name, the year, and so on; traditionally worn by girls at high school homecoming celebrations."
],
"id": "en-mum-en-noun-P42gLtVa",
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[
"decoration",
"decoration"
],
[
"artificial",
"artificial"
],
[
"silk",
"silk"
],
[
"flower",
"flower"
],
[
"ribbon",
"ribbon"
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[
"indicator",
"indicator"
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[
"wearer",
"wearer"
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[
"name",
"name"
],
[
"school",
"school"
],
[
"year",
"year"
],
[
"traditional",
"traditional"
],
[
"girl",
"girl"
],
[
"high school",
"high school"
],
[
"homecoming",
"homecoming"
],
[
"celebration",
"celebration"
]
],
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],
"tags": [
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}
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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],
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},
{
"ref": "2021 November 2, Jim Tankersley, Katie Rogers, Lisa Friedman, quoting Joe Biden, “With Methane and Forest Deals, Climate Summit Offers Hope After Gloomy Start”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
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"(colloquial) Silent."
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"not-comparable"
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},
{
"categories": [],
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"Secret."
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"id": "en-mum-en-adj-MvQSQPQg",
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[
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"secret"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) Secret."
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"not-comparable"
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}
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}
],
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"tags": [
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}
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"text": "Mum, then, and no more.",
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},
{
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 31, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 143:",
"text": "Ahab has that that’s bloody on his mind. But, mum; he comes this way.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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{
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],
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{
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"ref": "1677 (indicated as 1678), [Samuel Butler], “[The Third Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, in Hudibras. The Third and Last Part. […], London: […] Robert Horne, […], published 1679, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 277:",
"text": "Entrust it under solemn Vows / Of Mum and Silence,[…]",
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"ref": "1728, [Alexander Pope], “(please specify the page)”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin, London: […] A. Dodd, →OCLC:",
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],
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[
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"ref": "1840 April – 1841 November, Charles Dickens, “Chapter the Eighth”, in The Old Curiosity Shop. A Tale. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1841, →OCLC, page 130:",
"text": "“Wy, mum,” said Mr. Weller, “I don’t think you’ll see a many sich, and that’s the truth. But if my son Samivel vould give me my vay, mum, and only dis-pense vith his—might I wenter to say the vurd?” / “What word Mr. Weller?” said the housekeeper, blushing slightly. / “Petticuts, mum,” returned that gentleman, laying his hand upon the garments of his grandson. “If my son Samivel, mum, vould only dis-pense vith these here, you’d see such a alteration in his appearance, as the imagination can’t depicter.”",
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{
"ref": "1847 December, Acton Bell [pseudonym; Anne Brontë], “The Cottagers”, in Agnes Grey. […], London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC, page 176:",
"text": "[H]e axed if wer stock o' coals was nearly done. I telled him it was, an' we was ill set to get more—but you know mum I didn't think o' him helping us—but howsever, he sent us a sack o' coals next day; […]",
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},
{
"ref": "1865 May 15 – 1866 January 1, Anthony Trollope, “William Belton Does Not Go Out Hunting”, in The Belton Estate. […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published December 1865 (indicated as 1866), →OCLC, pages 220–221:",
"text": "\"A telegruff message, mum, for Mr. William,\" said the maid, looking at her mistress with eyes opened wide, as she handed the important bit of paper to her master.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XI, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 93:",
"text": "Then she took off the hank and looked me straight in the face, but very pleasant, and says: / “Come, now—what’s your real name? / “Wh-what, mum?” / “What’ your real name? Is it Bill, or Tom, or Bob?—or what is it?”",
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}
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"(informal, dated) Alternative spelling of ma'am"
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"alternative",
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"informal"
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{
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"raw_glosses": [
"(stative) to be tasty"
],
"tags": [
"stative"
]
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "ota",
"3": "موم",
"t": "candle",
"tr": "mum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish موم (mum, “candle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "fa",
"3": "موم",
"tr": "mum"
},
"expansion": "Persian موم (mum)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish موم (mum, “candle”), itself from Persian موم (mum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mumu",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "muma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuzu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuzu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuzun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuzun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "mumu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "mumlar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "mum (definite accusative mumu, plural mumlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "mum (definite accusative mumu, plural mumlar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"poss": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tr",
"name": "Light sources",
"orig": "tr:Light sources",
"parents": [
"Light",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "mumcu"
},
{
"word": "mumluk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"candle"
],
"id": "en-mum-tr-noun-b6WZ~nsC",
"links": [
[
"candle",
"candle"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"tr:mum"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mum/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-mum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-mum.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-mum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-mum.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-mum.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "mum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zazaki entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"candle"
],
"id": "en-mum-zza-noun-b6WZ~nsC",
"links": [
[
"candle",
"candle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsa",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "mum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Abinomn",
"lang_code": "bsa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Abinomn entries with incorrect language header",
"Abinomn lemmas",
"Abinomn nouns",
"Abinomn palindromes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"eeltail catfish"
],
"links": [
[
"eeltail",
"eeltail"
],
[
"catfish",
"catfish"
]
]
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English palindromes",
"English terms of address",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afar translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Avar translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chukchi translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dongxiang translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Ewe translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Hunsrik translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Komi-Permyak translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lingala translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with North Levantine Arabic translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Pipil translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with South Levantine Arabic translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tz'utujil translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Anthemideae tribe plants",
"en:Female family members",
"en:Parents",
"en:People",
"en:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ballet mum"
},
{
"word": "bank of mum and dad"
},
{
"word": "be mum"
},
{
"word": "gymslip mum"
},
{
"word": "mum-in-law"
},
{
"word": "mum jeans"
},
{
"word": "queen mum"
},
{
"word": "soccer mum"
},
{
"word": "stay mum"
},
{
"word": "tiger mum"
},
{
"word": "wine mum"
},
{
"word": "your mum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Alternative form of mam, or an abbreviation of mummy. Compare mom, mama.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mum (plural mums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"Canadian English",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"Indian English",
"Irish English",
"New England English",
"New Zealand English",
"Singapore English",
"South African English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1987, Kerry Cue, Hang On To Your Horses Doovers, page 5:",
"text": "From the Marvel Mixmaster to the Miracle Microwave, every time a new-fangled gadget has lobbed into the Aussie kitchen, Aussie mums have changed their cooking styles accordingly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Hilda Hollingsworth, Places of Greater Safety, Zenobia Press edition, page 278:",
"text": "'Ooh Mum, Auntie don′t allow smokin’ - Pat′s eyes were round with awe as Mum struck a match.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen, Irene Dunlap, Chicken Soup for the Preteen Soul 2, page 336:",
"text": "Her mum says that she is deaf and only partially sighted, so I need to go and stand in front of her, so she can see the gift.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Kathryn Lasky, Guardians of Ga'Hoole, Book 11: To Be a King, page 88",
"text": "“Mum! Mum!” he shouted out. The laughter stopped. Two bright, sparkling yellow eyes peeped from the hollow. Atop her head were the fluffy ear tufts that his mum was so proud of because they were fuller and lovelier than those of most Great Horned Owls. It was indeed his mum!"
},
{
"text": "2011, Chyna, FAM: Rolling in a London Girl Gang, unnumbered page,\nHe′s looking at my mum, at her swollen eyes, busted nose and bloodied lips. She′s mashed up something chronic, and the man who did this to her is my dad."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Mother."
],
"links": [
[
"Mother",
"mother"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Ireland, Canada, New England, South Africa, India, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, informal) Mother."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"Canada",
"India",
"Ireland",
"New-England",
"New-Zealand",
"Singapore",
"South-Africa",
"UK",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-mum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg/En-au-mum.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mam"
},
{
"word": "mom"
},
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "Mom"
},
{
"word": "Mum"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "aa",
"lang": "Afar",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "yayya"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔumm",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أُمّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "māmā",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَامَا"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "māmān",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَامَان"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ماما"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mami",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "مامى"
},
{
"code": "apc",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔim",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"North-Levantine-Arabic"
],
"word": "إم"
},
{
"code": "apc",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"North-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ماما"
},
{
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔim",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic"
],
"word": "إم"
},
{
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ماما"
},
{
"code": "ajp",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yamma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"South-Levantine-Arabic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "يامّا"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mayrik",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "մայրիկ"
},
{
"code": "av",
"lang": "Avar",
"roman": "baba",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "баба"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "amatxo"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "máma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́ма"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "matúlja",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мату́ля"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "máma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́ма"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "meme",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "မေမေ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "媽咪"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "maa¹ mi⁴, mai¹ mi⁴",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "妈咪"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "阿母"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "阿娘"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "老母"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "媽媽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "māma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "妈妈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "niáng",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "娘"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "媽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mā",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "妈"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "媽咪"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "māmi",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "妈咪"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ymmė",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ыммэ"
},
{
"code": "ckt",
"lang": "Chukchi",
"roman": "ymmėmy",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ыммэмы"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "máma"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maminka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mor"
},
{
"code": "sce",
"lang": "Dongxiang",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ana"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "panjo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ema"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "emme"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "amm"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "memm"
},
{
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "dada"
},
{
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "nɔ"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "äiskä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "äippä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mutsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "äiti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maman"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamá"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "nai"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "deda",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "დედა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "dediḳo",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "დედიკო"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mutti"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mama"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mami"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mamá",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μαμά"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ímma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אִמָּא"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mā̃",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "माँ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mātājī",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "माताजी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ammī",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अम्मी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ammā̃",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अम्माँ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "anya"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "anyu"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "hrx",
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mamma"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mami"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mam"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maime"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"alt": "おかあさん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "okāsan",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "お母さん"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ママ"
},
{
"alt": "はは",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "haha",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "母"
},
{
"code": "koi",
"lang": "Komi-Permyak",
"roman": "mam",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "мам"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eomma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "엄마"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "eomeoni",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "어머니"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dayik"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dê"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "māter"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "māmiņa"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamma"
},
{
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mamá"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamytė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mama",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мама"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ibu"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "bu"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "mak"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "amma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "അമ്മ"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"english": "Muslims",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "umma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "ഉമ്മ"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "nana",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "нана"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "gycci",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "гыцци"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "mamæ",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "мамӕ"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâdar",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "مادَر"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâmân",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "مامان"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "mâm",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "مام"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "nane",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "نَنِه"
},
{
"code": "ppl",
"lang": "Pipil",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "-nān"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mama"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamusia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamãe"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamã"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mămică"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "măicuță"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "máma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́ма"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mámočka",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́мочка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mátuška",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́тушка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mamúsja",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "маму́ся"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mámenʹka",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́менька"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mamúlja",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "маму́ля"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "can also sound impolite",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mamáša",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мама́ша"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "can also sound impolite",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mámka",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ма́мка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mam",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine",
"vocative"
],
"word": "мам"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ma",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine",
"vocative"
],
"word": "ма"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mamaidh"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "màmag"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"tags": [
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"feminine"
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{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"code": "dsb",
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{
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],
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{
"code": "alt",
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{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
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"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
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{
"code": "es",
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],
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{
"code": "sw",
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{
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"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
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{
"code": "twf",
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{
"code": "twf",
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{
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{
"code": "th",
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"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "คุณแม่"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mɛ̂ɛ",
"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
"word": "แม่"
},
{
"code": "tzj",
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"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
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},
{
"code": "uk",
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"code": "uk",
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"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "мату́ся"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
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"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
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"feminine"
],
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{
"code": "uk",
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],
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{
"code": "uk",
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"feminine"
],
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"code": "ur",
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],
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{
"code": "ur",
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],
"word": "اَمّاں"
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{
"code": "vi",
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"sense": "mother (informal, familiar)",
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{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
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{
"code": "vo",
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"ref": "1996, David Foster Wallace, “Democracy and Commerce at the US Open”, in Both Flesh And Not, Penguin, published 2013, page 139:",
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"ref": "2021 November 2, Jim Tankersley, Katie Rogers, Lisa Friedman, quoting Joe Biden, “With Methane and Forest Deals, Climate Summit Offers Hope After Gloomy Start”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
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"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 31, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 143:",
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"ref": "1677 (indicated as 1678), [Samuel Butler], “[The Third Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, in Hudibras. The Third and Last Part. […], London: […] Robert Horne, […], published 1679, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 277:",
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3",
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},
{
"audio": "en-au-mum.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"archaic",
"verb"
],
"word": "mumm"
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English palindromes",
"English terms borrowed from German",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms of address",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Anthemideae tribe plants",
"en:Female family members",
"en:Parents",
"en:People",
"en:Talking"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Mumme",
"id": "beer"
},
"expansion": "German Mumme",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Mumme.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "mum (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1728, [Alexander Pope], “(please specify the page)”, in The Dunciad. An Heroic Poem. […], Dublin, London: […] A. Dodd, →OCLC:",
"text": "The clamorous crowd is hushed with mugs of mum.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of strong beer, originally made in Brunswick, Germany."
],
"links": [
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"Brunswick",
"Brunswick"
],
[
"Germany",
"Germany"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mʌm/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mum.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg/En-us-mum.ogg.mp3",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English eponyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English palindromes",
"English terms of address",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm",
"Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable",
"en:Anthemideae tribe plants",
"en:Female family members",
"en:Parents",
"en:People",
"en:Talking"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_text": "A variant of ma'am.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mum (plural mums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ma'am"
}
],
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1840 April – 1841 November, Charles Dickens, “Chapter the Eighth”, in The Old Curiosity Shop. A Tale. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1841, →OCLC, page 130:",
"text": "“Wy, mum,” said Mr. Weller, “I don’t think you’ll see a many sich, and that’s the truth. But if my son Samivel vould give me my vay, mum, and only dis-pense vith his—might I wenter to say the vurd?” / “What word Mr. Weller?” said the housekeeper, blushing slightly. / “Petticuts, mum,” returned that gentleman, laying his hand upon the garments of his grandson. “If my son Samivel, mum, vould only dis-pense vith these here, you’d see such a alteration in his appearance, as the imagination can’t depicter.”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1847 December, Acton Bell [pseudonym; Anne Brontë], “The Cottagers”, in Agnes Grey. […], London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC, page 176:",
"text": "[H]e axed if wer stock o' coals was nearly done. I telled him it was, an' we was ill set to get more—but you know mum I didn't think o' him helping us—but howsever, he sent us a sack o' coals next day; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1865 May 15 – 1866 January 1, Anthony Trollope, “William Belton Does Not Go Out Hunting”, in The Belton Estate. […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published December 1865 (indicated as 1866), →OCLC, pages 220–221:",
"text": "\"A telegruff message, mum, for Mr. William,\" said the maid, looking at her mistress with eyes opened wide, as she handed the important bit of paper to her master.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884 December 10, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XI, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […], London: Chatto & Windus, […], →OCLC, page 93:",
"text": "Then she took off the hank and looked me straight in the face, but very pleasant, and says: / “Come, now—what’s your real name? / “Wh-what, mum?” / “What’ your real name? Is it Bill, or Tom, or Bob?—or what is it?”",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of ma'am"
],
"links": [
[
"ma'am",
"ma'am#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, dated) Alternative spelling of ma'am"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"dated",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mʌm/"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/En-us-mum.ogg"
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-mum.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌm"
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "mum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Forak",
"lang_code": "frq",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Forak entries with incorrect language header",
"Forak lemmas",
"Forak nouns",
"Forak palindromes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"breast"
],
"links": [
[
"breast",
"breast"
]
]
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "jamum"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkj",
"2": "verbs"
},
"expansion": "mum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mokilese",
"lang_code": "mkj",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Mokilese entries with incorrect language header",
"Mokilese lemmas",
"Mokilese palindromes",
"Mokilese stative verbs",
"Mokilese verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to be tasty"
],
"links": [
[
"tasty",
"tasty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(stative) to be tasty"
],
"tags": [
"stative"
]
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "mumcu"
},
{
"word": "mumluk"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ota",
"3": "موم",
"t": "candle",
"tr": "mum"
},
"expansion": "Ottoman Turkish موم (mum, “candle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "fa",
"3": "موم",
"tr": "mum"
},
"expansion": "Persian موم (mum)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ottoman Turkish موم (mum, “candle”), itself from Persian موم (mum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "mumu",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlar",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "muma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlara",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-infl-noun-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "mumum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumların",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınız",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumları",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuzu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuzu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınızı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarını",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumuma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarıma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumuna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınıza",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarına",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuzda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınızda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarında",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumundan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuzdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınızdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarından",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumumuzun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarımızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mumunuzun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarınızın",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "mumlarının",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "mumu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "mumlar",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "nom|p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "mum (definite accusative mumu, plural mumlar)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"2": "lar"
},
"expansion": "mum (definite accusative mumu, plural mumlar)",
"name": "tr-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "u",
"poss": "1"
},
"name": "tr-infl-noun-c"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish lemmas",
"Turkish nouns",
"Turkish palindromes",
"Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish",
"Turkish terms derived from Persian",
"tr:Light sources"
],
"glosses": [
"candle"
],
"links": [
[
"candle",
"candle"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"tr:mum"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mum/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q256 (tur)-ToprakM-mum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-mum.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-mum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7c/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-mum.wav/LL-Q256_%28tur%29-ToprakM-mum.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "mum",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Zazaki",
"lang_code": "zza",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Zazaki entries with incorrect language header",
"Zazaki lemmas",
"Zazaki nouns",
"Zazaki palindromes"
],
"glosses": [
"candle"
],
"links": [
[
"candle",
"candle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "mum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mum meaning in All languages combined (54.5kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": a-bú vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"mum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": a-niâ vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"mum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mum",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": lāu-bú vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"mum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "mum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.