See gravel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crunchy-gravel drama"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel bicycle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel bike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel-blind"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel cruncher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel nest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel pit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel road"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel road cop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel stop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel trap"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gravel-walk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kidney gravel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pea gravel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "shell gravel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gravel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gravel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gravele"
},
"expansion": "Old French gravele",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "grava"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin grava",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*grāwā",
"4": "",
"5": "gravel, pebbles"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "groa"
},
"expansion": "Breton groa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "grow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish grow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gro"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gro",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰroh₁weh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "græfa",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Old English græfa (“coal”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gravel, grauel, from Old French gravele, diminutive of grave (“gravel, seashore”), from Medieval Latin grava, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”) (compare Breton groa, Cornish grow, Welsh gro), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂, from *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”). Compare also Old English græfa (“coal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "gravel (usually uncountable, plural gravels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alluvium"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 5 14 19 3 0 20 8 2 1 1 1 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 4 13 17 3 0 17 7 1 0 1 1 1 11 0 1 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 4 11 16 3 0 16 7 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 1 0 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 15 15 3 1 16 7 2 2 3 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 12 16 3 1 20 6 2 2 4 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 17 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 14 3 1 17 8 3 3 3 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 14 15 3 1 18 8 2 2 2 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 19 3 1 20 6 2 1 3 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 12 15 3 3 17 7 2 2 2 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 15 17 2 1 21 5 3 1 4 2 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 10 15 3 1 18 5 3 3 4 3 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 11 15 3 0 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 14 17 3 0 20 7 2 1 2 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballast."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-noun-7pIgp9Tl",
"links": [
[
"Small",
"small"
],
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"bed",
"bed"
],
[
"road",
"road"
],
[
"railway",
"railway"
],
[
"ballast",
"ballast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballast."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "çakëll"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hakëll"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zhavorr"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaṣā",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَصَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaṣbāʔ",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَصْبَاء"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "çınqıl"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "legar"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "muger"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "hartxintxar"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "hartxinga"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "žvir",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жвір"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrávij",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра́вій"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "graba"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čakǎ́l",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чакъ́л"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "balástra",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бала́стра"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grava"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "žağa",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "жагӏа"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "礫石"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lìshí",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "砾石"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štěrk"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grus"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ral"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "grind"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "gruzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kruus"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "sora"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "graviers"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "gravillons"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "glerie"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brita"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascallo"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grava"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grixo"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rebo"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xreši",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "ხრეში"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kies"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schotter"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kiesel"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chalíki",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλίκι"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kákhlēx",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κάχληξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khálix",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "χάλιξ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "ʻiliʻili makaliʻi"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khatsáts",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חָצָץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bajrī",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "बजरी"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kavics"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "sóder"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "murva"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "möl"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kerikil"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "puru"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gairbhéal"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghiaia"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"alt": "じゃり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jari",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "砂利"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qiyrşyq tas",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "қиыршық тас"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "gravii",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "гравий"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kruəh",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "ក្រួស"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jagal",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "자갈"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "çew",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "چەو"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "zîx",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "زیخ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "xîz"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "şagıl",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "шагыл"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žvyrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glārea"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grants"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žvyras"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gera"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kiselsteen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čákal",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ча́кал"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grágor",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра́гор"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "batu kerikil"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "yanggūwan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "ᠶᠠᠩᡤᡡᠸᠠᠨ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "matakirikiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kirikiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kiripōhatu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ŝebeń",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "щебень"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ŝebjonko",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "щебёнко"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bulš",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "булш"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "grus"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pukk"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grava"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kum",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "قوم"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "żwir"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascalho"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brita"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gravilha"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "rawra"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pietriș"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grávij",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра́вий"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giarra"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zara"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "grevel"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "šoder"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "шљу́нак"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "šljúnak"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "brecciu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "bricciulinu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghiara"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štrk"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gramoz"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grušč"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prod"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grava"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gravilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grus"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "graba"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "gasang"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "sangreza",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "сангреза"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "šaġal",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "шағал"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grùuat",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "กรวด"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "bye rdo",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "བྱེ་རྡོ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "yare"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "çakıl"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrávij",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра́вій"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "shëghil",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "شېغىل"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "shagʻal"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giara"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gera"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jera"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "sỏi"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 13 2 9 1 0 3 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "graean"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A type or grade of small rocks, differentiated by mineral type, size range, or other characteristics."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-noun-K0Lmc~fZ",
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 62 3 20 2 1 3 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type or grade of small rocks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gravier"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 62 3 20 2 1 3 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ḥatsats",
"sense": "type or grade of small rocks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חָצָץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 62 3 20 2 1 3 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type or grade of small rocks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascalho"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 14 19 3 0 20 8 2 1 1 1 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 4 13 17 3 0 17 7 1 0 1 1 1 11 0 1 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 4 11 16 3 0 16 7 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 1 0 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 15 15 3 1 16 7 2 2 3 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 12 16 3 1 20 6 2 2 4 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 17 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 14 3 1 17 8 3 3 3 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 14 15 3 1 18 8 2 2 2 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 19 3 1 20 6 2 1 3 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 12 15 3 3 17 7 2 2 2 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 15 17 2 1 21 5 3 1 4 2 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 10 15 3 1 18 5 3 3 4 3 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 11 15 3 0 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 14 17 3 0 20 7 2 1 2 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-noun-Kou7-5Um",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"particle",
"particle"
],
[
"mm",
"mm"
],
[
"diameter",
"diameter"
],
[
"Wentworth scale",
"Wentworth scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, geology) A particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 78 4 3 0 10 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"word": "sora"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 78 4 3 0 10 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gravier"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 78 4 3 0 10 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kies"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 78 4 3 0 10 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"word": "kavics"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 78 4 3 0 10 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascalho"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 78 4 3 0 10 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calcolo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 5 14 19 3 0 20 8 2 1 1 1 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 4 13 17 3 0 17 7 1 0 1 1 1 11 0 1 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 4 11 16 3 0 16 7 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 1 0 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 15 15 3 1 16 7 2 2 3 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 12 16 3 1 20 6 2 2 4 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 17 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 14 3 1 17 8 3 3 3 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 14 15 3 1 18 8 2 2 2 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 19 3 1 20 6 2 1 3 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 12 15 3 3 17 7 2 2 2 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 15 17 2 1 21 5 3 1 4 2 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 10 15 3 1 18 5 3 3 4 3 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 11 15 3 0 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 14 17 3 0 20 7 2 1 2 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848, J. S. Skinner & Son, editor, The Plough, The Loom and the Anvil, volume I, Philadelphia: J. S. Skinner & Son, page 137:",
"text": "The great use of coffee in France is supposed to have abated the prevalency of the gravel, for where coffee is used as a constant beverage, the gravel and the gout are scarcely known.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kidney stones; a deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-noun-NnKXWbSI",
"links": [
[
"Kidney stone",
"kidney stone"
],
[
"calculous",
"calculous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, archaic) Kidney stones; a deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "12 26 6 43 3 2 5 2",
"sense": "small stones or pebbles",
"word": "chisel"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 26 6 43 3 2 5 2",
"sense": "small stones or pebbles",
"word": "chessil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "calculus deposit",
"word": "stones"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "calculus deposit",
"word": "gallstones"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1817, William Johnson, editor, Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Judicature, E. F. Backus, page 211:",
"text": "The defendant below hired the horse to go from Cocksackie to Schodack, and the next day after his arrival at the latter place, the horse was found to be lame in one foot; and the lameness increasing, the defendant below was obliged to leave the horse there, and hire another with which to return. About four weeks after, the horse was brought home, and showed signs of gravel working out above the hoof.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1972, James Herriot, All Creatures Great and Small, St. Martin's Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 22:",
"text": "'Looks like pus in the foot to me.'\n'I'll bet you're right,' Farnon said. 'They call it gravel around here, by the way. What do you suggest we do about it?'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lameness in the foot of a horse, usually caused by an abscess."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-noun-5zIb0hMc",
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"abscess",
"abscess"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1943, Bell Irvin Wiley, The Life of Johnny Reb: The Common Soldier of the Confederacy, The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 255:",
"text": "A malady that was rare, but which because of its peculiarity elicited much comment, was \"night blindness\" or \"gravel.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inability to see at night; night blindness."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-noun-H3izRp2Z",
"links": [
[
"night blindness",
"night blindness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Inability to see at night; night blindness."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cycling",
"orig": "en:Cycling",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 14 19 3 0 20 8 2 1 1 1 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 3 8 13 3 1 29 5 2 2 2 2 2 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 4 13 17 3 0 17 7 1 0 1 1 1 11 0 1 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 4 11 16 3 0 16 7 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 1 0 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 15 15 3 1 16 7 2 2 3 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 16 3 1 21 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 14 17 3 0 22 7 1 1 1 1 1 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 11 15 3 1 23 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 21 6 3 2 3 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 14 17 3 0 24 7 1 1 1 1 1 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chechen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 12 16 3 1 20 6 2 2 4 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 14 16 3 1 22 6 2 1 2 1 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 9 13 3 1 22 5 3 3 4 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 15 3 1 20 6 3 2 2 2 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 9 14 3 1 21 5 3 3 4 3 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 17 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 10 15 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 14 3 1 17 8 3 3 3 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 14 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 4 10 17 3 1 21 6 3 2 4 2 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 14 15 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 14 15 3 1 18 8 2 2 2 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 11 16 3 1 21 7 3 2 2 2 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 15 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 15 15 3 1 20 6 2 2 3 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 10 15 3 1 23 6 3 2 3 2 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 10 15 3 1 21 6 3 2 3 2 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 21 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 12 15 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 10 15 3 1 21 6 3 2 3 2 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 19 3 1 20 6 2 1 3 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 15 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 14 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Manchu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 12 15 3 3 17 7 2 2 2 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 2 2 2 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 11 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 12 15 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 15 17 2 1 21 5 3 1 4 2 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 10 15 3 1 18 5 3 3 4 3 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 21 6 4 2 2 2 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 15 3 1 20 6 2 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 10 15 3 1 21 6 3 2 3 2 3 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 2 2 2 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scots translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 21 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 11 15 3 0 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 21 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 17 3 1 21 6 2 2 2 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Telugu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 11 16 3 1 21 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 12 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tibetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 3 15 17 2 0 25 5 1 0 1 1 1 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uyghur translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 14 17 3 0 20 7 2 1 2 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 13 16 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 10 14 3 1 19 6 4 3 4 3 4 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Gravel cycling, a discipline in cycling different from road cycling, mountain biking or cyclocross, for a large part on gravel roads, typically with a dedicated gravel bike."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-noun-91Cz64tT",
"links": [
[
"cycling",
"cycling#Noun"
],
[
"Gravel cycling",
"gravel cycling"
],
[
"discipline",
"discipline"
],
[
"road cycling",
"road cycling"
],
[
"mountain biking",
"mountain biking"
],
[
"cyclocross",
"cyclocross"
],
[
"gravel road",
"gravel road"
],
[
"gravel bike",
"gravel bike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, cycling) Gravel cycling, a discipline in cycling different from road cycling, mountain biking or cyclocross, for a large part on gravel roads, typically with a dedicated gravel bike."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"cycling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The stimulant drug alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-noun-wxqX4DmE",
"links": [
[
"stimulant",
"stimulant"
],
[
"drug",
"drug"
],
[
"alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone",
"alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) The stimulant drug alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹævəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ævəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gravel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"gravel"
],
"word": "gravel"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gravel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gravel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gravele"
},
"expansion": "Old French gravele",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "grava"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin grava",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*grāwā",
"4": "",
"5": "gravel, pebbles"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "groa"
},
"expansion": "Breton groa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "grow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish grow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gro"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gro",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰroh₁weh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "græfa",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Old English græfa (“coal”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gravel, grauel, from Old French gravele, diminutive of grave (“gravel, seashore”), from Medieval Latin grava, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”) (compare Breton groa, Cornish grow, Welsh gro), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂, from *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”). Compare also Old English græfa (“coal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravels",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gravelling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "graveling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gravelled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gravelled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graveled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graveled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++",
"past2": "graveled",
"pres_ptc2": "graveling"
},
"expansion": "gravel (third-person singular simple present gravels, present participle gravelling or graveling, simple past and past participle gravelled or graveled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905, John F. Hume, The Abolitionists:",
"text": "We kept quietly on our way until we reached a place in the road that had been freshly graveled, and where the surface was covered with stones just suited to our use.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-verb-fc8pigaO",
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 0 1 0 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "sorata"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 1 0 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "schottern"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 1 0 1 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "graviizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 1 0 1 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "stonizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 1 0 1 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "agghiaiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 1 0 1 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "gruse"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 1 0 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "rociar con grava"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 1 0 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "salpicar con grava"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 1 0 1 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "grusa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Herbert Quick, Vandemark's Folly:",
"text": "It graveled me like sixty to pay such a price, but I had to do it because the season was just between hay and grass.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To puzzle or annoy."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-verb-gC1TIdtn",
"links": [
[
"puzzle",
"puzzle"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To puzzle or annoy."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1605, William Camden, “Grave Speeches and wittie Apothegms of worthy Personages of this Realm in former times,” in Remaines Concerning Britain, London: Simon Miller, sixth impression, 1657, p. 243,\nWilliam Conqerour when he invaded this Iland, chanced at his arrival to be gravelled, and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand, that he fell to the ground."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-verb-tbRGjZQU",
"links": [
[
"run",
"run"
],
[
"aground",
"aground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1579, Sir Thomas North, tr., Plutarch's Lives, The Life of Marcus Antonius",
"text": "The physician was so gravelled and amazed withal, that he had not a word more to say."
},
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:",
"text": "When you were gravelled for lack of matter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1830, Joseph Plumb Martin, “Ch. VIII”, in A Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier:",
"text": "[…] I arrived at a spot where I was completely gravelled, and could go no farther one way or the other; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To check or stop; to confound; to perplex."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-verb-0RHqFFn7",
"links": [
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"stop",
"stop"
],
[
"confound",
"confound"
],
[
"perplex",
"perplex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To check or stop; to confound; to perplex."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-verb-mVeaJduq",
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"lame",
"lame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 5 14 19 3 0 20 8 2 1 1 1 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 4 13 17 3 0 17 7 1 0 1 1 1 11 0 1 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 4 11 16 3 0 16 7 1 1 1 1 1 11 0 1 0 0 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 15 15 3 1 16 7 2 2 3 3 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 12 16 3 1 20 6 2 2 4 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 17 3 1 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 5 12 14 3 1 17 8 3 3 3 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 14 15 3 1 18 8 2 2 2 3 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 13 19 3 1 20 6 2 1 3 2 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 12 15 3 3 17 7 2 2 2 2 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 4 15 18 3 0 20 7 1 1 1 1 1 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 15 17 2 1 21 5 3 1 4 2 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 10 15 3 1 18 5 3 3 4 3 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 11 15 3 0 20 6 3 2 3 2 3 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 4 14 17 3 0 20 7 2 1 2 2 2 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Venetan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To prostrate; to beat to the ground."
],
"id": "en-gravel-en-verb-kEUKaWC1",
"links": [
[
"prostrate",
"prostrate"
],
[
"beat",
"beat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang, archaic) To prostrate; to beat to the ground."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹævəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ævəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gravel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"gravel"
],
"word": "gravel"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Scots lemmas",
"Middle Scots nouns",
"Middle Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Middle Scots terms derived from Old French",
"Middle Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/ævəl",
"Rhymes:English/ævəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Chechen translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "crunchy-gravel drama"
},
{
"word": "gravel bicycle"
},
{
"word": "gravel bike"
},
{
"word": "gravel-blind"
},
{
"word": "gravel cruncher"
},
{
"word": "gravel nest"
},
{
"word": "gravel pit"
},
{
"word": "gravel road"
},
{
"word": "gravel road cop"
},
{
"word": "gravel stop"
},
{
"word": "gravel trap"
},
{
"word": "gravel-walk"
},
{
"word": "kidney gravel"
},
{
"word": "pea gravel"
},
{
"word": "shell gravel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gravel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gravel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gravele"
},
"expansion": "Old French gravele",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "grava"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin grava",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*grāwā",
"4": "",
"5": "gravel, pebbles"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "groa"
},
"expansion": "Breton groa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "grow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish grow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gro"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gro",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰroh₁weh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "græfa",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Old English græfa (“coal”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gravel, grauel, from Old French gravele, diminutive of grave (“gravel, seashore”), from Medieval Latin grava, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”) (compare Breton groa, Cornish grow, Welsh gro), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂, from *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”). Compare also Old English græfa (“coal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "gravel (usually uncountable, plural gravels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "alluvium"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballast."
],
"links": [
[
"Small",
"small"
],
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"bed",
"bed"
],
[
"road",
"road"
],
[
"railway",
"railway"
],
[
"ballast",
"ballast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballast."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A type or grade of small rocks, differentiated by mineral type, size range, or other characteristics."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"A particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"particle",
"particle"
],
[
"mm",
"mm"
],
[
"diameter",
"diameter"
],
[
"Wentworth scale",
"Wentworth scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, geology) A particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848, J. S. Skinner & Son, editor, The Plough, The Loom and the Anvil, volume I, Philadelphia: J. S. Skinner & Son, page 137:",
"text": "The great use of coffee in France is supposed to have abated the prevalency of the gravel, for where coffee is used as a constant beverage, the gravel and the gout are scarcely known.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Kidney stones; a deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom."
],
"links": [
[
"Kidney stone",
"kidney stone"
],
[
"calculous",
"calculous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, archaic) Kidney stones; a deposit of small calculous concretions in the kidneys and the urinary or gall bladder; also, the disease of which they are a symptom."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1817, William Johnson, editor, Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Judicature, E. F. Backus, page 211:",
"text": "The defendant below hired the horse to go from Cocksackie to Schodack, and the next day after his arrival at the latter place, the horse was found to be lame in one foot; and the lameness increasing, the defendant below was obliged to leave the horse there, and hire another with which to return. About four weeks after, the horse was brought home, and showed signs of gravel working out above the hoof.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1972, James Herriot, All Creatures Great and Small, St. Martin's Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 22:",
"text": "'Looks like pus in the foot to me.'\n'I'll bet you're right,' Farnon said. 'They call it gravel around here, by the way. What do you suggest we do about it?'",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lameness in the foot of a horse, usually caused by an abscess."
],
"links": [
[
"horse",
"horse"
],
[
"abscess",
"abscess"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1943, Bell Irvin Wiley, The Life of Johnny Reb: The Common Soldier of the Confederacy, The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 255:",
"text": "A malady that was rare, but which because of its peculiarity elicited much comment, was \"night blindness\" or \"gravel.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inability to see at night; night blindness."
],
"links": [
[
"night blindness",
"night blindness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Inability to see at night; night blindness."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns",
"en:Cycling"
],
"glosses": [
"Gravel cycling, a discipline in cycling different from road cycling, mountain biking or cyclocross, for a large part on gravel roads, typically with a dedicated gravel bike."
],
"links": [
[
"cycling",
"cycling#Noun"
],
[
"Gravel cycling",
"gravel cycling"
],
[
"discipline",
"discipline"
],
[
"road cycling",
"road cycling"
],
[
"mountain biking",
"mountain biking"
],
[
"cyclocross",
"cyclocross"
],
[
"gravel road",
"gravel road"
],
[
"gravel bike",
"gravel bike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, cycling) Gravel cycling, a discipline in cycling different from road cycling, mountain biking or cyclocross, for a large part on gravel roads, typically with a dedicated gravel bike."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"cycling",
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"The stimulant drug alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone."
],
"links": [
[
"stimulant",
"stimulant"
],
[
"drug",
"drug"
],
[
"alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone",
"alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) The stimulant drug alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹævəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ævəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gravel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "small stones or pebbles",
"word": "chisel"
},
{
"sense": "small stones or pebbles",
"word": "chessil"
},
{
"sense": "calculus deposit",
"word": "stones"
},
{
"sense": "calculus deposit",
"word": "gallstones"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "çakëll"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hakëll"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zhavorr"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaṣā",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَصَى"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥaṣbāʔ",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "حَصْبَاء"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "çınqıl"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "legar"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "muger"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "hartxintxar"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "hartxinga"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "žvir",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жвір"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrávij",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра́вій"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "graba"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čakǎ́l",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чакъ́л"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "balástra",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бала́стра"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grava"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "žağa",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "жагӏа"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "礫石"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lìshí",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "砾石"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štěrk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grus"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"neuter"
],
"word": "ral"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "grind"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "gruzo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kruus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "sora"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "graviers"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "gravillons"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "glerie"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brita"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascallo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grava"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grixo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rebo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xreši",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "ხრეში"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kies"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schotter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kiesel"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chalíki",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "χαλίκι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kákhlēx",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κάχληξ"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "khálix",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "χάλιξ"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "ʻiliʻili makaliʻi"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khatsáts",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חָצָץ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "bajrī",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "बजरी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kavics"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "sóder"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "murva"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "möl"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kerikil"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "puru"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gairbhéal"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghiaia"
},
{
"alt": "じゃり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jari",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "砂利"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qiyrşyq tas",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "қиыршық тас"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "gravii",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "гравий"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kruəh",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "ក្រួស"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jagal",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "자갈"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "çew",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "چەو"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "zîx",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "زیخ"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "xîz"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "şagıl",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "шагыл"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žvyrs"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "glārea"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grants"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "žvyras"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gera"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kiselsteen"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čákal",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ча́кал"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grágor",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра́гор"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "batu kerikil"
},
{
"code": "mnc",
"lang": "Manchu",
"roman": "yanggūwan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "ᠶᠠᠩᡤᡡᠸᠠᠨ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "matakirikiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kirikiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "kiripōhatu"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ŝebeń",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "щебень"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"roman": "ŝebjonko",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "щебёнко"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "bulš",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "булш"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "grus"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pukk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grava"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kum",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "قوم"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "żwir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascalho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brita"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gravilha"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "rawra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pietriș"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grávij",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра́вий"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giarra"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zara"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "grevel"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "šoder"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "шљу́нак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "šljúnak"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "brecciu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "bricciulinu"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ghiara"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štrk"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gramoz"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grušč"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prod"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grava"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gravilla"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "grus"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "graba"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "gasang"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "sangreza",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "сангреза"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "šaġal",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "шағал"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "grùuat",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "กรวด"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "bye rdo",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "བྱེ་རྡོ"
},
{
"code": "txb",
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "yare"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "çakıl"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrávij",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гра́вій"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "shëghil",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "شېغىل"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "shagʻal"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "giara"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gera"
},
{
"code": "vec",
"lang": "Venetan",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jera"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"word": "sỏi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "small fragments of rock",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "graean"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type or grade of small rocks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gravier"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ḥatsats",
"sense": "type or grade of small rocks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חָצָץ"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type or grade of small rocks",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascalho"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"word": "sora"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gravier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kies"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"word": "kavics"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cascalho"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gravier"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calcolo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"gravel"
],
"word": "gravel"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Scots lemmas",
"Middle Scots nouns",
"Middle Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Middle Scots terms derived from Old French",
"Middle Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/ævəl",
"Rhymes:English/ævəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Chechen translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Manchu translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Tibetan translations",
"Terms with Tocharian B translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Venetan translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gravel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gravel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gravele"
},
"expansion": "Old French gravele",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "grava"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin grava",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*grāwā",
"4": "",
"5": "gravel, pebbles"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "groa"
},
"expansion": "Breton groa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "grow"
},
"expansion": "Cornish grow",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gro"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gro",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰroh₁weh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "græfa",
"t": "coal"
},
"expansion": "Old English græfa (“coal”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gravel, grauel, from Old French gravele, diminutive of grave (“gravel, seashore”), from Medieval Latin grava, ultimately from Proto-Celtic *grāwā (“gravel, pebbles”) (compare Breton groa, Cornish grow, Welsh gro), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰroh₁weh₂, from *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”). Compare also Old English græfa (“coal”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gravels",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gravelling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "graveling",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gravelled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gravelled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graveled",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graveled",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++",
"past2": "graveled",
"pres_ptc2": "graveling"
},
"expansion": "gravel (third-person singular simple present gravels, present participle gravelling or graveling, simple past and past participle gravelled or graveled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1905, John F. Hume, The Abolitionists:",
"text": "We kept quietly on our way until we reached a place in the road that had been freshly graveled, and where the surface was covered with stones just suited to our use.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"surface",
"surface"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1922, Herbert Quick, Vandemark's Folly:",
"text": "It graveled me like sixty to pay such a price, but I had to do it because the season was just between hay and grass.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To puzzle or annoy."
],
"links": [
[
"puzzle",
"puzzle"
],
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To puzzle or annoy."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1605, William Camden, “Grave Speeches and wittie Apothegms of worthy Personages of this Realm in former times,” in Remaines Concerning Britain, London: Simon Miller, sixth impression, 1657, p. 243,\nWilliam Conqerour when he invaded this Iland, chanced at his arrival to be gravelled, and one of his feet stuck so fast in the sand, that he fell to the ground."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand."
],
"links": [
[
"run",
"run"
],
[
"aground",
"aground"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To run (as a ship) upon the gravel or beach; to run aground; to cause to stick fast in gravel or sand."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1579, Sir Thomas North, tr., Plutarch's Lives, The Life of Marcus Antonius",
"text": "The physician was so gravelled and amazed withal, that he had not a word more to say."
},
{
"ref": "c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:",
"text": "When you were gravelled for lack of matter.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1830, Joseph Plumb Martin, “Ch. VIII”, in A Narrative of Some of the Adventures, Dangers and Sufferings of a Revolutionary Soldier:",
"text": "[…] I arrived at a spot where I was completely gravelled, and could go no farther one way or the other; […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To check or stop; to confound; to perplex."
],
"links": [
[
"check",
"check"
],
[
"stop",
"stop"
],
[
"confound",
"confound"
],
[
"perplex",
"perplex"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To check or stop; to confound; to perplex."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot."
],
"links": [
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"lame",
"lame"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To hurt or lame (a horse) by gravel lodged between the shoe and foot."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To prostrate; to beat to the ground."
],
"links": [
[
"prostrate",
"prostrate"
],
[
"beat",
"beat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang, archaic) To prostrate; to beat to the ground."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡɹævəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ævəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gravel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gravel.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "sorata"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "schottern"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "graviizar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "stonizar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "agghiaiare"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "gruse"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "rociar con grava"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "salpicar con grava"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "To apply a layer of gravel to the surface of a road, etc",
"word": "grusa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"gravel"
],
"word": "gravel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gravel meaning in English (36.6kB)
{
"called_from": "page/2530",
"msg": "skipping string in the middle of translations: </table></div></div>\n\n",
"path": [
"gravel"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gravel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2517",
"msg": "UNIMPLEMENTED parse_translation_template: trans-top-see {1: 'archaic: kidney stone', 2: 'kidney stone'}",
"path": [
"gravel",
"Template:trans-top-see",
"TEMPLATE_FN"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gravel",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.