See rug on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rug meaning in All languages combined (68.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "area rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brush something under the rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cut a rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cute as a bug in a rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cut the rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "drug rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lie like a cheap rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lie like a rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Nain rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oriental rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Oriental rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "prayer rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pull the rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pull the rug out from under"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rag rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug-headed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug joint"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug monkey"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug muncher"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug pilot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug-pull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug pull"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug ranking"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug rat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rug rider"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scatter rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "snug as a bug in a rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sweep something under the rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "throw rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "under the rug"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruggy",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, bristly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rugged",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, rugged"
},
"expansion": "rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "shagginess, tuft"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rawwō",
"4": "",
"5": "long wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "rag",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "coarse coverlet"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugg",
"3": "",
"4": "rough entangled hair"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "English rag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳhe",
"t": "rug, rough covering, blanket"
},
"expansion": "Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; probably of North Germanic origin; perhaps inherited via Middle English *rugge (suggested by Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”) and rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”), related to English rag and rough. Cognate with dialectal Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”), Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”), related to English rag and rough. Compare also Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rug (plural rugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A partial covering for a floor."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-m-eLSrW4",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sixhade"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qilim"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sajjāda",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سَجَّادَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gorg",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "գորգ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "xalça"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kilimók",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кілімо́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kilimčé",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "килимче́"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čérga",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "че́рга"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catifa"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "地氈"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "dei⁶ zin¹",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "地毡"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìtǎn",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "地毯"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tǎn",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "毯"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kobereček"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "måtte"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tæppe"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tapijt"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "mato"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tapiŝo"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tapiŝeto"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "vaip"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "teppi"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "matto"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tapis"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xaliča",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "ხალიჩა"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Teppich"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Brücke"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tápēs",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τάπης"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shatíakh",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שָׁטִיחַ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ġālīcā",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ग़ालीचा"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "darī",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "दरी"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "szőnyeg"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "maakangas"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tappeto"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tappetino"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "scendiletto"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ragu",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "ラグ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"alt": "じゅうたん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jūtan",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "絨毯"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kılemşe",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "кілемше"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũgeka"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kkalgae",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "깔개"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kilemce",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "килемче"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "phom",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "ພົມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "strāgulum"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tepiķis"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paklājs"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kilimėlis"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "ʔiq̓ʷsad"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tepih",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тепих"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ḱilim",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ќилим"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tarapouahi"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xivs",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хивс"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "diyogí"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "teppe"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "anaakan"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qâliče",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "قالیچِه"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sajjâde",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "سَجّادِه"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Teppich"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dywanik"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapete"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapetinho"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carpetă"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "covoraș"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóvrik",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́врик"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "тѐпих"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ћѝлим"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tèpih"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ćìlim"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koberček"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preproga"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapete"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alfombra"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alfombrilla"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "matta"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "qoliča",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "қолича"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "hálgoną"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "prom",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "พรม"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kylymók",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "килимо́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ġālīca",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "غالِیچَہ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "qālīca",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قالِیچَہ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "sajjāda",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سَجّادَہ"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "gilamcha"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rỳg"
},
{
"_dis1": "40 4 3 5 2 25 4 5 1 5 4 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rygiau"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Australian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 19 14 17 1 1 3 7 1 5 8 9 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 20 15 16 2 2 3 8 2 5 5 7 2 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Textiles",
"orig": "en:Textiles",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, William Howitt, A Boy′s Adventures in the Wilds of Australia: or, Herbert′s Note-Book, page 254",
"text": "They then cut down a quantity of gum-tree leaves for a bed, and threw their rugs upon them ready for bed-time.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1906 July 27, Government Gazette of Western Australia, page 2297",
"text": "Furnish every sleeping apartment with a sufficient number of toilet utensils and bedsteads, and sufficient bedding so that each bed shall be provided with a mattress, two sheets, a rug, and, in winter time, not less than one additional rug.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "1950 April, Dental Journal of Australia, Volume 22, page 181,\nMy own son had a bunny rug of which he was very fond and on being put to bed he would always demand his “bunny rug to suck his finger with.″"
},
{
"text": "1958, Arthur Hailey, John Castle. Runway Zero-Eight. Bantham Books\nShe tucked in a rug round the woman. “How’s that?” The woman nodded gratefully."
},
{
"ref": "1997, Alan Sharpe, Vivien Encel, Murder!: 25 True Australian Crimes, page 22",
"text": "He brought with him a rug and a sheet, and lay down by the fire.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (usually thick) piece of fabric used for warmth (especially on a bed); a blanket."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-sxA-K8G7",
"links": [
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"warmth",
"warmth"
],
[
"blanket",
"blanket"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Australia) A (usually thick) piece of fabric used for warmth (especially on a bed); a blanket."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"UK"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 62 13 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "odejalo",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "одеяло"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 62 13 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"word": "viltti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 62 13 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"word": "huopa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 62 13 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"word": "couverture"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 62 13 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rỳg"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 62 13 5 1 3 3 5 1 3 3 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rygiau"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 1 19 14 17 1 1 3 7 1 5 8 9 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for clothing."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-d-1hHC31",
"links": [
[
"frieze",
"frieze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, now rare) A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for clothing."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 6 53 13 1 1 3 7 4 4 5 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "coarse, heavy frieze",
"word": "karkea friisikangas"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 1 7 3 14 1 1 5 7 0 8 20 20 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 6 4 12 2 4 4 8 5 8 14 16 3 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "en:Dogs",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 19 14 17 1 1 3 7 1 5 8 9 1 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cloak or mantle made of such a frieze."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-szkuxGVP",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, now rare) A cloak or mantle made of such a frieze."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A person wearing a rug."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-0MoLJQkD",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) A person wearing a rug."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cloth covering for a horse."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-11tEEKC~",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "25 2 2 3 1 54 2 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čul",
"sense": "covering for a horse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чул"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 2 3 1 54 2 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covering for a horse",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "покрѝва̄ч"
},
{
"_dis1": "25 2 2 3 1 54 2 3 1 3 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covering for a horse",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pokrìvāč"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A dense layer of natural vegetation that precludes the growth of crops."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-ZGXGPfZ1",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) A dense layer of natural vegetation that precludes the growth of crops."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 2 7 3 10 2 2 5 18 1 6 12 15 2 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "en:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 4 4 7 1 1 3 35 6 14 11 8 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hair",
"orig": "en:Hair",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The female pubic hair."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-zOPYjwuX",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"pubic hair",
"pubic hair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) The female pubic hair."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "small carpet",
"word": "carpet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "small carpet",
"word": "mat"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-iWjvimAk",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 3 1 0 0 1 8 81 3 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough, woolly, or shaggy dog",
"word": "karvaturri"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 7 8 14 1 1 2 14 2 23 10 10 0 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Headwear",
"orig": "en:Headwear",
"parents": [
"Clothing",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wig; a hairpiece."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun--WROp3bp",
"links": [
[
"wig",
"wig"
],
[
"hairpiece",
"hairpiece"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A wig; a hairpiece."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 4 4 1 1 2 19 3 59 3 0",
"sense": "wig",
"word": "toupee"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 4 4 1 1 2 19 3 59 3 0",
"sense": "wig",
"word": "wig"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 1 7 3 14 1 1 5 7 0 8 20 20 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 6 4 12 2 4 4 8 5 8 14 16 3 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "en:Dogs",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dense growth of chest hair."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-YthOOxd7",
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A dense growth of chest hair."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rughead"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English ethnic slurs",
"parents": [
"Ethnic slurs",
"Offensive terms",
"Terms by usage"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 7 3 14 1 1 5 7 0 8 20 20 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 6 4 12 2 4 4 8 5 8 14 16 3 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "en:Dogs",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1980, John Irwin, Prisons in Turmoil, page 212",
"text": "We're the motherfuckers be fightin' when the rugs [black prisoners] start wasting people around here.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for rughead."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-noun-FqhAD6pM",
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"rughead",
"rughead#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, slang, ethnic slur) Short for rughead."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ethnic",
"slang",
"slur"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg/En-au-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭg"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rug up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruggy",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, bristly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rugged",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, rugged"
},
"expansion": "rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "shagginess, tuft"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rawwō",
"4": "",
"5": "long wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "rag",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "coarse coverlet"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugg",
"3": "",
"4": "rough entangled hair"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "English rag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳhe",
"t": "rug, rough covering, blanket"
},
"expansion": "Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; probably of North Germanic origin; perhaps inherited via Middle English *rugge (suggested by Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”) and rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”), related to English rag and rough. Cognate with dialectal Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”), Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”), related to English rag and rough. Compare also Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rugged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rug (third-person singular simple present rugs, present participle rugging, simple past and past participle rugged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1966, Margaret I. Clarke, Care of the Horse and Pony, page 45",
"text": "It stands to reason that because of the difference in climate the necessity for rugging a horse in Australia would vary considerably from that in cold countries like England […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with a rug."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-verb-aV8e0BMl",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with a rug."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear."
],
"id": "en-rug-en-verb-RouecclE",
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"plunder",
"plunder"
],
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
],
[
"tear",
"tear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, archaic) To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg/En-au-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭg"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruggy",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, bristly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rugged",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, rugged"
},
"expansion": "rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "shagginess, tuft"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rawwō",
"4": "",
"5": "long wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "rag",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "coarse coverlet"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugg",
"3": "",
"4": "rough entangled hair"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "English rag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳhe",
"t": "rug, rough covering, blanket"
},
"expansion": "Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; probably of North Germanic origin; perhaps inherited via Middle English *rugge (suggested by Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”) and rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”), related to English rag and rough. Cognate with dialectal Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”), Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”), related to English rag and rough. Compare also Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more rug",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most rug",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rug (comparative more rug, superlative most rug)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"snug; cosy"
],
"id": "en-rug-en-adj-vytqaSae",
"links": [
[
"snug",
"snug"
],
[
"cosy",
"cosy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) snug; cosy"
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg/En-au-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭg"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rug",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch rug.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rûe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rûens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "ruggie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "rûe",
"7": "or",
"8": "rûens",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rug (plural rûe or rûens, diminutive ruggie)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rûe",
"2": "ruggie",
"pl2": "rûens"
},
"expansion": "rug (plural rûe or rûens, diminutive ruggie)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back (rear of the body)"
],
"id": "en-rug-af-noun-bgafmpVw",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural chiefly rûe) back (rear of the body)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "af",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "af:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hill; ridge"
],
"id": "en-rug-af-noun-rCYoYAfL",
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural chiefly rûens) hill; ridge"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rœχ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-rug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-rug.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-rug.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-rug.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-rug.wav.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rubus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Romanian rug",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rubus. Compare Romanian rug.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rudz",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "rudz",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural rudz)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wild rose, raspberry bush, bramble bush"
],
"id": "en-rug-rup-noun-2YqRJiDv",
"links": [
[
"rose",
"rose"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pilivuri"
},
{
"word": "zigrã"
},
{
"word": "mãcesh"
},
{
"word": "bubzel"
},
{
"word": "rugu"
},
{
"word": "arug"
},
{
"word": "arugu"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "rogus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rogus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a semi-learned term or borrowing from Latin rogus, as with its Romanian cognate rug (or modeled after it). Less likely inherited.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rudz",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "rudz",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural rudz)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aromanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "rup",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "rup:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"funeral pyre"
],
"id": "en-rug-rup-noun-xXmgnC8Z",
"links": [
[
"pyre",
"pyre"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmq-oda",
"3": "rugh"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish rugh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wrugʰyo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål rug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúgur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rúgur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Rogg"
},
"expansion": "Low German Rogg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Danish rugh, from Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rug, Swedish råg, Icelandic rúgur, Dutch rogge, Low German Rogg, German Roggen, English rye.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "-",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "rugen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "not used in plural form",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rug c (singular definite rugen, not used in plural form)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "rug c (singular definite rugen, not used in plural form)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rye (Secale cereale)"
],
"id": "en-rug-da-noun-RT5Jy5DI",
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"Secale cereale",
"Secale cereale#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"da:rug"
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmq-oda",
"3": "rugh"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish rugh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wrugʰyo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål rug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúgur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rúgur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Rogg"
},
"expansion": "Low German Rogg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Danish rugh, from Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rug, Swedish råg, Icelandic rúgur, Dutch rogge, Low German Rogg, German Roggen, English rye.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruge"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of ruge"
],
"id": "en-rug-da-verb-Y04TOFNP",
"links": [
[
"ruge",
"ruge#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"da:rug"
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "achter de rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bultrug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bultrugwalvis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heuvelrug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "roodrugpelikaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rooie rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rugborstel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruggespraak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rugklacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rugpijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rugslag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rugtas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rugvin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rugzak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "zadelrug"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "rœx"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: rœx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: rœx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "rugge",
"3": "rigi",
"4": "rege"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ruggi"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ruggi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrugjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rugge, from Old Dutch ruggi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruggen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rugje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "ruggetje",
"dim2": "rugje"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural ruggen, diminutive ruggetje n or rugje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rug"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back, backside"
],
"id": "en-rug-nl-noun-WP4gbqlq",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "nl:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ridge"
],
"id": "en-rug-nl-noun-QJ42RFb6",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) ridge"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a thousand-guilders banknote",
"word": "rooie rug"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Netherlands Dutch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 25 67 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 23 41 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "nl:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for rooie rug; a thousand-guilders banknote"
],
"id": "en-rug-nl-noun-hfUadO2X",
"links": [
[
"rooie rug",
"rooie rug#Dutch"
],
[
"thousand",
"thousand"
],
[
"guilder",
"guilder"
],
[
"banknote",
"banknote"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Netherlands, historical) Short for rooie rug; a thousand-guilders banknote"
],
"tags": [
"Netherlands",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Netherlands Dutch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thousand euro"
],
"id": "en-rug-nl-noun-rMrLMQlI",
"links": [
[
"thousand",
"thousand"
],
[
"euro",
"euro"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Netherlands) thousand euro"
],
"tags": [
"Netherlands",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʏx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏx"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Nl-rug.ogg/Nl-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Nl-rug.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rug m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m",
"name": "ovd-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elfdalian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Elfdalian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ovd",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "ovd:Grains",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Grasses",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Commelinids",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Plants",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Lifeforms",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ovd",
"name": "Hordeeae tribe grasses",
"orig": "ovd:Hordeeae tribe grasses",
"parents": [
"Grasses",
"Commelinids",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rye (Secale cereale)"
],
"id": "en-rug-ovd-noun-RT5Jy5DI",
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"Secale cereale",
"Secale cereale#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rugur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular indefinite of rugur"
],
"id": "en-rug-fo-noun-SmTwdD2r",
"links": [
[
"rugur",
"rugur#Faroese"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "·ruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ·ruc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ro·ucc"
},
"expansion": "ro·ucc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "beirid"
},
"expansion": "beirid",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish ·ruc, prototonic form of ro·ucc, perfect tense of beirid.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"analytic past indicative of beir"
],
"id": "en-rug-ga-verb-WJQlEtpE",
"links": [
[
"beir",
"beir#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"analytic",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾˠʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ro·uccai"
},
"expansion": "ro·uccai",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "beirid"
},
"expansion": "beirid",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ro·uccai, suppletive augmented form of beirid. Compare Irish and Scottish Gaelic rugadh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruggal",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "verb",
"3": "verbal noun",
"4": "ruggal",
"5": "past participle",
"6": "ruggit"
},
"expansion": "rug (verbal noun ruggal, past participle ruggit)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to bear (give birth to)"
],
"id": "en-rug-gv-verb-~9fhszrV",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "behr"
},
{
"word": "ymmyrk"
}
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wrugʰyo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Danish rug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúgur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rúgur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Compare Danish rug, Swedish råg, Icelandic rúgur, Dutch rogge, German Roggen, English rye.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite singular",
"4": "rugen",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m (definite singular rugen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "nb:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugbrød"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rye (the grass Secale cereale or its grains as food)"
],
"id": "en-rug-nb-noun-2vFX4MAv",
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"Secale cereale",
"Secale cereale#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:rug"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wrugʰyo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rugur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rugur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúgur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rúgur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Danish rug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Cognate with Faroese rugur, Icelandic rúgur, Swedish råg, Danish rug, Dutch rogge, German Roggen, and English rye.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite singular",
"4": "rugen",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m (definite singular rugen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rùg"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "nn:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugbrød"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rye (the grass Secale cereale or its grains as food)"
],
"id": "en-rug-nn-noun-2vFX4MAv",
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"Secale cereale",
"Secale cereale#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʊː(ɡ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/rʉː(ɡ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ruɡ]",
"note": "North Gudbrand Valley"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūga"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin rūga",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin rūga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rug m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rug"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crease, notch, wrinkle"
],
"id": "en-rug-pl-noun-FvdwK0DL",
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"notch",
"notch"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) crease, notch, wrinkle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bruzda"
},
{
"word": "fałda"
},
{
"word": "karb"
},
{
"word": "zmarszczka"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Rug"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "rug",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish rug",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish rug",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish rug.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rug m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rug"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugi"
}
],
"glosses": [
"judicial inquiry"
],
"id": "en-rug-pl-noun-PTCB~LcW",
"links": [
[
"inquiry",
"inquiry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) judicial inquiry"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "rugowy"
},
{
"word": "rugownik"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rugować"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dochodzenie"
},
{
"word": "śledztwo"
},
{
"word": "rugi"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Rug"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "rug f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rug"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 16 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of ruga"
],
"id": "en-rug-pl-noun-WaX61wUU",
"links": [
[
"ruga",
"ruga#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Rug"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "rug m pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romagnol entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rôg"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of rôg"
],
"id": "en-rug-rgn-noun-9kAjIotC",
"links": [
[
"rôg",
"rôg#Romagnol"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɾuːɡ]",
"note": "Central Romagnol"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rogus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rogus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rogus, probably borrowed in the 19th century or semi-learned. The linguists Candrea and Tiktin believed it to be inherited.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruguri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște ruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor ruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "uri"
},
"expansion": "rug n (plural ruguri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "rugurilor",
"gpi": "ruguri",
"gsd": "rugului",
"gsi": "rug",
"n": "",
"npd": "rugurile",
"npi": "ruguri",
"nsd": "rugul",
"nsi": "rug",
"vp": "rugurilor",
"vs": "rugule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 25 15 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 19 28 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "ro:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pyre"
],
"id": "en-rug-ro-noun-Kn-q9wMz",
"links": [
[
"pyre",
"pyre"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruget"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus",
"4": "",
"5": "bramble, briar",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin rubus (“bramble, briar”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus",
"4": "",
"5": "bramble, briar"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin rubus (“bramble, briar”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wruðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wruðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥dʰo-",
"4": "",
"5": "sweetbriar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rovo"
},
"expansion": "Italian rovo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rogo"
},
"expansion": "rogo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "neg"
},
"expansion": "neg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "negură"
},
"expansion": "negură",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin rubus (“bramble, briar”), from Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”). Compare Italian rovo, dialectal rogo. For the sound shift of Latin -b- to -g- in Romanian, compare neg, negură.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "i"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural rugi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "rugilor",
"gpi": "rugi",
"gsd": "rugului",
"gsi": "rug",
"n": "",
"npd": "rugii",
"npi": "rugi",
"nsd": "rugul",
"nsi": "rug",
"vp": "rugilor",
"vs": "rugule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 25 15 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 19 28 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "ro:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bramble"
],
"id": "en-rug-ro-noun-j1ZK85-r",
"links": [
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 25 15 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 19 28 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "ro:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dog rose"
],
"id": "en-rug-ro-noun-kHjc3Yxf",
"links": [
[
"dog rose",
"dog rose"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 25 15 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 19 28 19",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ro",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "ro:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"blackberry"
],
"id": "en-rug-ro-noun-~HZHvucg",
"links": [
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "măceș"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past of beir"
],
"id": "en-rug-gd-verb-CIO99~kg",
"links": [
[
"beir",
"beir#Scottish Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rˠuk/"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Afrikaans terms with audio links",
"af:Anatomy"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rug",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch rug.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rûe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rûens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggie",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "diminutive",
"12": "ruggie",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "rûe",
"7": "or",
"8": "rûens",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rug (plural rûe or rûens, diminutive ruggie)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rûe",
"2": "ruggie",
"pl2": "rûens"
},
"expansion": "rug (plural rûe or rûens, diminutive ruggie)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back (rear of the body)"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural chiefly rûe) back (rear of the body)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hill; ridge"
],
"links": [
[
"hill",
"hill"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(plural chiefly rûens) hill; ridge"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rœχ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q14196 (afr)-Oesjaar-rug.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-rug.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-rug.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-rug.wav/LL-Q14196_%28afr%29-Oesjaar-rug.wav.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Aromanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Aromanian lemmas",
"Aromanian masculine nouns",
"Aromanian nouns",
"Aromanian terms derived from Latin",
"Aromanian terms inherited from Latin",
"rup:Rose family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rubus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Romanian rug",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rubus. Compare Romanian rug.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rudz",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "rudz",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural rudz)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wild rose, raspberry bush, bramble bush"
],
"links": [
[
"rose",
"rose"
],
[
"raspberry",
"raspberry"
],
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pilivuri"
},
{
"word": "zigrã"
},
{
"word": "mãcesh"
},
{
"word": "bubzel"
},
{
"word": "rugu"
},
{
"word": "arug"
},
{
"word": "arugu"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Aromanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Aromanian lemmas",
"Aromanian masculine nouns",
"Aromanian nouns",
"Aromanian terms derived from Latin",
"rup:Rose family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "la",
"3": "rogus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rogus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a semi-learned term or borrowing from Latin rogus, as with its Romanian cognate rug (or modeled after it). Less likely inherited.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rudz",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "rudz",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural rudz)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"funeral pyre"
],
"links": [
[
"pyre",
"pyre"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish non-lemma forms",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish terms derived from Old Danish",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Danish terms inherited from Old Danish",
"Danish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish verb forms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmq-oda",
"3": "rugh"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish rugh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wrugʰyo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål rug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúgur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rúgur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Rogg"
},
"expansion": "Low German Rogg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Danish rugh, from Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rug, Swedish råg, Icelandic rúgur, Dutch rogge, Low German Rogg, German Roggen, English rye.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "-",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "rugen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "not used in plural form",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rug c (singular definite rugen, not used in plural form)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "rug c (singular definite rugen, not used in plural form)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rye (Secale cereale)"
],
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"Secale cereale",
"Secale cereale#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"no-plural"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"da:rug"
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish non-lemma forms",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish terms derived from Old Danish",
"Danish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Danish terms inherited from Old Danish",
"Danish terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Danish verb forms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmq-oda",
"3": "rugh"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish rugh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "non",
"3": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wrugʰyo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål rug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúgur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rúgur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Rogg"
},
"expansion": "Low German Rogg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Danish rugh, from Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Compare Norwegian Bokmål rug, Swedish råg, Icelandic rúgur, Dutch rogge, Low German Rogg, German Roggen, English rye.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruge"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative of ruge"
],
"links": [
[
"ruge",
"ruge#Danish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"da:rug"
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏx",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏx/1 syllable",
"nl:Body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "achter de rug"
},
{
"word": "bultrug"
},
{
"word": "bultrugwalvis"
},
{
"word": "heuvelrug"
},
{
"word": "roodrugpelikaan"
},
{
"word": "rooie rug"
},
{
"word": "rugborstel"
},
{
"word": "ruggespraak"
},
{
"word": "rugklacht"
},
{
"word": "rugpijn"
},
{
"word": "rugslag"
},
{
"word": "rugtas"
},
{
"word": "rugvin"
},
{
"word": "rugzak"
},
{
"word": "zadelrug"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: rug",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: rug"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "rœx"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: rœx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: rœx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "rugge",
"3": "rigi",
"4": "rege"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ruggi"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ruggi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrugjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rugge, from Old Dutch ruggi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruggen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rugje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "ruggetje",
"dim2": "rugje"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural ruggen, diminutive ruggetje n or rugje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rug"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back, backside"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"ridge"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) ridge"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "a thousand-guilders banknote",
"word": "rooie rug"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch short forms",
"Dutch terms with historical senses",
"Netherlands Dutch"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for rooie rug; a thousand-guilders banknote"
],
"links": [
[
"rooie rug",
"rooie rug#Dutch"
],
[
"thousand",
"thousand"
],
[
"guilder",
"guilder"
],
[
"banknote",
"banknote"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Netherlands, historical) Short for rooie rug; a thousand-guilders banknote"
],
"tags": [
"Netherlands",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Netherlands Dutch"
],
"glosses": [
"thousand euro"
],
"links": [
[
"thousand",
"thousand"
],
[
"euro",
"euro"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Netherlands) thousand euro"
],
"tags": [
"Netherlands",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʏx/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏx"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Nl-rug.ogg/Nl-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Nl-rug.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rug m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m",
"name": "ovd-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"lang_code": "ovd",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Elfdalian entries with incorrect language header",
"Elfdalian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Elfdalian lemmas",
"Elfdalian masculine nouns",
"Elfdalian nouns",
"ovd:Grains",
"ovd:Hordeeae tribe grasses"
],
"glosses": [
"rye (Secale cereale)"
],
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"Secale cereale",
"Secale cereale#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Dogs",
"en:Fabrics",
"en:Hair",
"en:Headwear",
"en:Plants",
"en:Textiles"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "area rug"
},
{
"word": "brush something under the rug"
},
{
"word": "cut a rug"
},
{
"word": "cute as a bug in a rug"
},
{
"word": "cut the rug"
},
{
"word": "drug rug"
},
{
"word": "lie like a cheap rug"
},
{
"word": "lie like a rug"
},
{
"word": "Nain rug"
},
{
"word": "oriental rug"
},
{
"word": "Oriental rug"
},
{
"word": "prayer rug"
},
{
"word": "pull the rug"
},
{
"word": "pull the rug out from under"
},
{
"word": "rag rug"
},
{
"word": "rug-headed"
},
{
"word": "rug joint"
},
{
"word": "rug monkey"
},
{
"word": "rug muncher"
},
{
"word": "rug pilot"
},
{
"word": "rug-pull"
},
{
"word": "rug pull"
},
{
"word": "rug ranking"
},
{
"word": "rug rat"
},
{
"word": "rug rider"
},
{
"word": "scatter rug"
},
{
"word": "snug as a bug in a rug"
},
{
"word": "sweep something under the rug"
},
{
"word": "throw rug"
},
{
"word": "under the rug"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruggy",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, bristly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rugged",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, rugged"
},
"expansion": "rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "shagginess, tuft"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rawwō",
"4": "",
"5": "long wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "rag",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "coarse coverlet"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugg",
"3": "",
"4": "rough entangled hair"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "English rag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳhe",
"t": "rug, rough covering, blanket"
},
"expansion": "Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; probably of North Germanic origin; perhaps inherited via Middle English *rugge (suggested by Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”) and rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”), related to English rag and rough. Cognate with dialectal Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”), Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”), related to English rag and rough. Compare also Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rug (plural rugs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A partial covering for a floor."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Australian English",
"British English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, William Howitt, A Boy′s Adventures in the Wilds of Australia: or, Herbert′s Note-Book, page 254",
"text": "They then cut down a quantity of gum-tree leaves for a bed, and threw their rugs upon them ready for bed-time.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1906 July 27, Government Gazette of Western Australia, page 2297",
"text": "Furnish every sleeping apartment with a sufficient number of toilet utensils and bedsteads, and sufficient bedding so that each bed shall be provided with a mattress, two sheets, a rug, and, in winter time, not less than one additional rug.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"text": "1950 April, Dental Journal of Australia, Volume 22, page 181,\nMy own son had a bunny rug of which he was very fond and on being put to bed he would always demand his “bunny rug to suck his finger with.″"
},
{
"text": "1958, Arthur Hailey, John Castle. Runway Zero-Eight. Bantham Books\nShe tucked in a rug round the woman. “How’s that?” The woman nodded gratefully."
},
{
"ref": "1997, Alan Sharpe, Vivien Encel, Murder!: 25 True Australian Crimes, page 22",
"text": "He brought with him a rug and a sheet, and lay down by the fire.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A (usually thick) piece of fabric used for warmth (especially on a bed); a blanket."
],
"links": [
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"warmth",
"warmth"
],
[
"blanket",
"blanket"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, Australia) A (usually thick) piece of fabric used for warmth (especially on a bed); a blanket."
],
"tags": [
"Australia",
"UK"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for clothing."
],
"links": [
[
"frieze",
"frieze"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, now rare) A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for clothing."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A cloak or mantle made of such a frieze."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, now rare) A cloak or mantle made of such a frieze."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A person wearing a rug."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) A person wearing a rug."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A cloth covering for a horse."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A dense layer of natural vegetation that precludes the growth of crops."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, rare) A dense layer of natural vegetation that precludes the growth of crops."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"The female pubic hair."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"pubic hair",
"pubic hair"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) The female pubic hair."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A wig; a hairpiece."
],
"links": [
[
"wig",
"wig"
],
[
"hairpiece",
"hairpiece"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A wig; a hairpiece."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"A dense growth of chest hair."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) A dense growth of chest hair."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rughead"
}
],
"categories": [
"American English",
"English ethnic slurs",
"English short forms",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1980, John Irwin, Prisons in Turmoil, page 212",
"text": "We're the motherfuckers be fightin' when the rugs [black prisoners] start wasting people around here.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for rughead."
],
"links": [
[
"ethnic",
"ethnic"
],
[
"slur",
"slur"
],
[
"rughead",
"rughead#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, slang, ethnic slur) Short for rughead."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ethnic",
"slang",
"slur"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg/En-au-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "small carpet",
"word": "carpet"
},
{
"sense": "small carpet",
"word": "mat"
},
{
"sense": "wig",
"word": "toupee"
},
{
"sense": "wig",
"word": "wig"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sixhade"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "qilim"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "sajjāda",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "سَجَّادَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gorg",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "գորգ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "xalça"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kilimók",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кілімо́к"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kilimčé",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "килимче́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čérga",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "че́рга"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "catifa"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "地氈"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "dei⁶ zin¹",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "地毡"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìtǎn",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "地毯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "tǎn",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "毯"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kobereček"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "måtte"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tæppe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tapijt"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "mato"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tapiŝo"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tapiŝeto"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "vaip"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "teppi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "matto"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tapis"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "xaliča",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "ხალიჩა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Teppich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Brücke"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tápēs",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τάπης"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "shatíakh",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "שָׁטִיחַ"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "ġālīcā",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ग़ालीचा"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "darī",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "दरी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "szőnyeg"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "maakangas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tappeto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tappetino"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "scendiletto"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ragu",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "ラグ"
},
{
"alt": "じゅうたん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jūtan",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "絨毯"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kılemşe",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "кілемше"
},
{
"code": "ki",
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"class-3"
],
"word": "mũgeka"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kkalgae",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "깔개"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kilemce",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "килемче"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "phom",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "ພົມ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "strāgulum"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapēs"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tepiķis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "paklājs"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kilimėlis"
},
{
"code": "lut",
"lang": "Lushootseed",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "ʔiq̓ʷsad"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tepih",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тепих"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ḱilim",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ќилим"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "tarapouahi"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xivs",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хивс"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "diyogí"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "teppe"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "anaakan"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "qâliče",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "قالیچِه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sajjâde",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "سَجّادِه"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Teppich"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dywanik"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapete"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapetinho"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carpetă"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "covoraș"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kóvrik",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́врик"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "тѐпих"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ћѝлим"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tèpih"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ćìlim"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koberček"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "preproga"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapete"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alfombra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "alfombrilla"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "matta"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "qoliča",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "қолича"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "hálgoną"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "prom",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "พรม"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kylymók",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "килимо́к"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ġālīca",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "غالِیچَہ"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "qālīca",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قالِیچَہ"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "sajjāda",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سَجّادَہ"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"word": "gilamcha"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rỳg"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "partial floor covering",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rygiau"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "odejalo",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "одеяло"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"word": "viltti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"word": "huopa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"word": "couverture"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rỳg"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "thick piece of fabric used for warmth",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "rygiau"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "coarse, heavy frieze",
"word": "karkea friisikangas"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čul",
"sense": "covering for a horse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "чул"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covering for a horse",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "покрѝва̄ч"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "covering for a horse",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "pokrìvāč"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough, woolly, or shaggy dog",
"word": "karvaturri"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Dogs",
"en:Fabrics",
"en:Hair",
"en:Headwear",
"en:Plants",
"en:Textiles"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rug up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruggy",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, bristly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rugged",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, rugged"
},
"expansion": "rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "shagginess, tuft"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rawwō",
"4": "",
"5": "long wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "rag",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "coarse coverlet"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugg",
"3": "",
"4": "rough entangled hair"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "English rag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳhe",
"t": "rug, rough covering, blanket"
},
"expansion": "Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; probably of North Germanic origin; perhaps inherited via Middle English *rugge (suggested by Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”) and rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”), related to English rag and rough. Cognate with dialectal Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”), Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”), related to English rag and rough. Compare also Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "rugging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "rugged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "rugged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rug (third-person singular simple present rugs, present participle rugging, simple past and past participle rugged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1966, Margaret I. Clarke, Care of the Horse and Pony, page 45",
"text": "It stands to reason that because of the difference in climate the necessity for rugging a horse in Australia would vary considerably from that in cold countries like England […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cover with a rug."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cover with a rug."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear."
],
"links": [
[
"pull",
"pull"
],
[
"plunder",
"plunder"
],
[
"spoil",
"spoil"
],
[
"tear",
"tear"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, archaic) To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg/En-au-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭg"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡ/1 syllable",
"en:Dogs",
"en:Fabrics",
"en:Hair",
"en:Headwear",
"en:Plants",
"en:Textiles"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmq",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruggy",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, bristly"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rugged",
"t": "hairy, shaggy, rugged"
},
"expansion": "rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "shagginess, tuft"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rawwō",
"4": "",
"5": "long wool"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "rag",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "coarse coverlet"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugg",
"3": "",
"4": "rough entangled hair"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rag"
},
"expansion": "English rag",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rough"
},
"expansion": "rough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "rȳhe",
"t": "rug, rough covering, blanket"
},
"expansion": "Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; probably of North Germanic origin; perhaps inherited via Middle English *rugge (suggested by Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”) and rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”), related to English rag and rough. Cognate with dialectal Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”), Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”), related to English rag and rough. Compare also Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more rug",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most rug",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rug (comparative more rug, superlative most rug)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"snug; cosy"
],
"links": [
[
"snug",
"snug"
],
[
"cosy",
"cosy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, dialect, obsolete) snug; cosy"
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡ"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg/En-au-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/En-au-rug.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
},
{
"enpr": "rŭg"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese non-lemma forms",
"Faroese noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rugur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular indefinite of rugur"
],
"links": [
[
"rugur",
"rugur#Faroese"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "sga",
"3": "·ruc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ·ruc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ro·ucc"
},
"expansion": "ro·ucc",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "beirid"
},
"expansion": "beirid",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish ·ruc, prototonic form of ro·ucc, perfect tense of beirid.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish non-lemma forms",
"Irish terms derived from Old Irish",
"Irish terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Irish verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"analytic past indicative of beir"
],
"links": [
[
"beir",
"beir#Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"analytic",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾˠʌɡ/",
"tags": [
"Ulster"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ro·uccai"
},
"expansion": "ro·uccai",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "beirid"
},
"expansion": "beirid",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From ro·uccai, suppletive augmented form of beirid. Compare Irish and Scottish Gaelic rugadh.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruggal",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "verb",
"3": "verbal noun",
"4": "ruggal",
"5": "past participle",
"6": "ruggit"
},
"expansion": "rug (verbal noun ruggal, past participle ruggit)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Manx entries with incorrect language header",
"Manx lemmas",
"Manx verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to bear (give birth to)"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "behr"
},
{
"word": "ymmyrk"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugbrød"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wrugʰyo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Danish rug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúgur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rúgur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Compare Danish rug, Swedish råg, Icelandic rúgur, Dutch rogge, German Roggen, English rye.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite singular",
"4": "rugen",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m (definite singular rugen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"nb:Plants"
],
"glosses": [
"rye (the grass Secale cereale or its grains as food)"
],
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"Secale cereale",
"Secale cereale#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:rug"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugbrød"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rugr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rugiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wrugʰyo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "rugur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese rugur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rúgur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rúgur",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råg"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råg",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Danish rug",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rogge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rogge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Roggen"
},
"expansion": "German Roggen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rye"
},
"expansion": "English rye",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse rugr, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wrugʰyo-. Cognate with Faroese rugur, Icelandic rúgur, Swedish råg, Danish rug, Dutch rogge, German Roggen, and English rye.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite singular",
"4": "rugen",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "rug m (definite singular rugen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rùg"
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation",
"nn:Plants"
],
"glosses": [
"rye (the grass Secale cereale or its grains as food)"
],
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
],
[
"Secale cereale",
"Secale cereale#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʊː(ɡ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/rʉː(ɡ)/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ruɡ]",
"note": "North Gudbrand Valley"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūga"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin rūga",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin rūga.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rug m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rug"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"crease, notch, wrinkle"
],
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"notch",
"notch"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) crease, notch, wrinkle"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bruzda"
},
{
"word": "fałda"
},
{
"word": "karb"
},
{
"word": "zmarszczka"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Rug"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugi"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "rug",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish rug",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "rug"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish rug",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish rug.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "rug m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rug"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rugowy"
},
{
"word": "rugownik"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rugować"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with historical senses",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"judicial inquiry"
],
"links": [
[
"inquiry",
"inquiry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, obsolete) judicial inquiry"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dochodzenie"
},
{
"word": "śledztwo"
},
{
"word": "rugi"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Rug"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish non-lemma forms",
"Polish noun forms",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "rug f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rug"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruga"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of ruga"
],
"links": [
[
"ruga",
"ruga#Polish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Róg"
},
{
"homophone": "Rug"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m-p"
},
"expansion": "rug m pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romagnol entries with incorrect language header",
"Romagnol non-lemma forms",
"Romagnol noun forms",
"Romagnol terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rôg"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of rôg"
],
"links": [
[
"rôg",
"rôg#Romagnol"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈɾuːɡ]",
"note": "Central Romagnol"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"ro:Rose family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rogus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rogus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin rogus, probably borrowed in the 19th century or semi-learned. The linguists Candrea and Tiktin believed it to be inherited.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruguri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște ruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor ruguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "uri"
},
"expansion": "rug n (plural ruguri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "rugurilor",
"gpi": "ruguri",
"gsd": "rugului",
"gsi": "rug",
"n": "",
"npd": "rugurile",
"npi": "ruguri",
"nsd": "rugul",
"nsi": "rug",
"vp": "rugurilor",
"vs": "rugule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pyre"
],
"links": [
[
"pyre",
"pyre"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"ro:Rose family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruget"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus",
"4": "",
"5": "bramble, briar",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin rubus (“bramble, briar”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "rubus",
"4": "",
"5": "bramble, briar"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin rubus (“bramble, briar”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wruðos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wruðos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥dʰo-",
"4": "",
"5": "sweetbriar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rovo"
},
"expansion": "Italian rovo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "rogo"
},
"expansion": "rogo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "neg"
},
"expansion": "neg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "negură"
},
"expansion": "negură",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin rubus (“bramble, briar”), from Proto-Italic *wruðos, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰo- (“sweetbriar”). Compare Italian rovo, dialectal rogo. For the sound shift of Latin -b- to -g- in Romanian, compare neg, negură.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rugi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui rug",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor rugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "i"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural rugi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "rugilor",
"gpi": "rugi",
"gsd": "rugului",
"gsi": "rug",
"n": "",
"npd": "rugii",
"npi": "rugi",
"nsd": "rugul",
"nsi": "rug",
"vp": "rugilor",
"vs": "rugule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bramble"
],
"links": [
[
"bramble",
"bramble"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dog rose"
],
"links": [
[
"dog rose",
"dog rose"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"blackberry"
],
"links": [
[
"blackberry",
"blackberry"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "măceș"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rug",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Scottish Gaelic irregular verbs",
"Scottish Gaelic non-lemma forms",
"Scottish Gaelic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Scottish Gaelic verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "beir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past of beir"
],
"links": [
[
"beir",
"beir#Scottish Gaelic"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rˠuk/"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: plural chiefly rûe",
"path": [
"rug"
],
"section": "Afrikaans",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: plural chiefly rûe",
"path": [
"rug"
],
"section": "Afrikaans",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: plural chiefly rûens",
"path": [
"rug"
],
"section": "Afrikaans",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rug",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: plural chiefly rûens",
"path": [
"rug"
],
"section": "Afrikaans",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "rug",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.