See rug in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "achter de rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bultrug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bultrugwalvis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "heuvelrug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "roodrugpelikaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rooie rug"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rugborstel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruggespraak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rugklacht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rugoperatie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rugpijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rugslag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rugslaper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rugtas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rugvin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rugzak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "zadelrug"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "rug"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "rœx"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "rugge"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "rigi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "rege"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ruggi"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ruggi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrugi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrugi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrugjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rugge, from Old Dutch ruggi, from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruggen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rugje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-getje,+"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural ruggen, diminutive ruggetje n or rugje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"rug"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 40 37",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "nl:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"back, backside"
],
"id": "en-rug-nl-noun-WP4gbqlq",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "nl:Geology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 55 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 40 37",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "nl:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ridge"
],
"id": "en-rug-nl-noun-QJ42RFb6",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) ridge"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "thousand-guilders banknote",
"word": "rooie rug"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch ellipses",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Netherlands Dutch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 40 37",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "nl:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ellipsis of rooie rug (“thousand-guilders banknote”)"
],
"id": "en-rug-nl-noun-IsuXvsTn",
"links": [
[
"rooie rug",
"rooie rug#Dutch"
],
[
"thousand",
"thousand"
],
[
"guilder",
"guilder"
],
[
"banknote",
"banknote"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Netherlands, historical) ellipsis of rooie rug (“thousand-guilders banknote”)"
],
"tags": [
"Netherlands",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis",
"historical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʏx/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Nl-rug.ogg/Nl-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Nl-rug.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏx"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 17 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏx",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏx/1 syllable",
"nl:Body parts"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "achter de rug"
},
{
"word": "bultrug"
},
{
"word": "bultrugwalvis"
},
{
"word": "heuvelrug"
},
{
"word": "roodrugpelikaan"
},
{
"word": "rooie rug"
},
{
"word": "rugborstel"
},
{
"word": "ruggespraak"
},
{
"word": "rugklacht"
},
{
"word": "rugoperatie"
},
{
"word": "rugpijn"
},
{
"word": "rugslag"
},
{
"word": "rugslaper"
},
{
"word": "rugtas"
},
{
"word": "rugvin"
},
{
"word": "rugzak"
},
{
"word": "zadelrug"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "rug"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "rœx"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "rugge"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "rigi"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "rege"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "rugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch rugge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "ruggi"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch ruggi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrugi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrugi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrugjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch rugge, from Old Dutch ruggi, from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruggen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rugje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "-getje,+"
},
"expansion": "rug m (plural ruggen, diminutive ruggetje n or rugje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"rug"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back, backside"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nl:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"ridge"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"ridge",
"ridge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) ridge"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "thousand-guilders banknote",
"word": "rooie rug"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch ellipses",
"Dutch terms with historical senses",
"Netherlands Dutch"
],
"glosses": [
"ellipsis of rooie rug (“thousand-guilders banknote”)"
],
"links": [
[
"rooie rug",
"rooie rug#Dutch"
],
[
"thousand",
"thousand"
],
[
"guilder",
"guilder"
],
[
"banknote",
"banknote"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Netherlands, historical) ellipsis of rooie rug (“thousand-guilders banknote”)"
],
"tags": [
"Netherlands",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"ellipsis",
"historical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʏx/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-rug.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/Nl-rug.ogg/Nl-rug.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Nl-rug.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏx"
}
],
"word": "rug"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rug meaning in Dutch (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-14 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.