"rug" meaning in Polish

See rug in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈruk/
Rhymes: -uk Etymology: Learned borrowing from Latin rūga. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|itc-pro|ine-pro}}, {{lbor|pl|la|rūga}} Learned borrowing from Latin rūga Head templates: {{pl-noun|m-in}} rug m inan Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-in}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], rug [nominative, singular], rugi [nominative, plural], rugu [genitive, singular], rugów [genitive, plural], rugowi [dative, singular], rugom [dative, plural], rug [accusative, singular], rugi [accusative, plural], rugiem [instrumental, singular], rugami [instrumental, plural], rugu [locative, singular], rugach [locative, plural], rugu [singular, vocative], rugi [plural, vocative]
  1. (obsolete) crease, notch, wrinkle Tags: inanimate, masculine, obsolete Synonyms: bruzda, fałda, karb, zmarszczka
    Sense id: en-rug-pl-noun-FvdwK0DL Categories (other): Polish links with manual fragments, Polish links with redundant alt parameters, Polish links with redundant wikilinks Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 28 23 29 20 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant alt parameters: 32 22 24 21 Disambiguation of Polish links with redundant wikilinks: 32 22 25 21
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (topical): History of Poland
Etymology number: 1 Disambiguation of History of Poland: 0 0 0 0 0

Noun

IPA: /ˈruk/
Rhymes: -uk Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish rug. Etymology templates: {{dercat|pl|gmh}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|rug|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish rug, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|rug}} Inherited from Old Polish rug Head templates: {{pl-noun|m-in|adj=rugowy}} rug m inan (related adjective rugowy) Inflection templates: {{pl-decl-noun-m-in}} Forms: rugowy [adjective], no-table-tags [table-tags], rug [nominative, singular], rugi [nominative, plural], rugu [genitive, singular], rugów [genitive, plural], rugowi [dative, singular], rugom [dative, plural], rug [accusative, singular], rugi [accusative, plural], rugiem [instrumental, singular], rugami [instrumental, plural], rugu [locative, singular], rugach [locative, plural], rugu [singular, vocative], rugi [plural, vocative]
  1. (in the plural, historical) mass expulsions of foreign subjects Tags: historical, in-plural, inanimate, masculine Synonyms: ekspulsja, wydalanie
    Sense id: en-rug-pl-noun-V0mAjiHe Categories (other): Polish links with manual fragments Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 28 23 29 20
  2. (in the plural, historical) verifying the validity of parliamentary elections Tags: historical, in-plural, inanimate, masculine
    Sense id: en-rug-pl-noun-2XFEJ8PG Categories (other): Polish links with manual fragments Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 28 23 29 20
  3. (chiefly in the plural, historical) judicial inquiry, investigation Tags: historical, in-plural, inanimate, masculine Synonyms: dochodzenie, śledztwo
    Sense id: en-rug-pl-noun-yMo3clNo Categories (other): Polish links with manual fragments Disambiguation of Polish links with manual fragments: 28 23 29 20
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (topical): History of Poland Related terms: rugownik, rugować [imperfective]
Etymology number: 2 Disambiguation of History of Poland: 0 0 0 0 0

Noun

IPA: /ˈruk/
Rhymes: -uk Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|pl|noun form|g=f}} rug f
  1. genitive plural of ruga Tags: feminine, form-of, genitive, plural Form of: ruga
    Sense id: en-rug-pl-noun-WaX61wUU Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 17 20 25 8 31
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (topical): History of Poland
Etymology number: 3 Disambiguation of History of Poland: 0 0 0 0 0

Inflected forms

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "topical",
      "langcode": "pl",
      "name": "History of Poland",
      "orig": "pl:History of Poland",
      "parents": [
        "History of Europe",
        "Poland",
        "Europe",
        "History",
        "Earth",
        "Eurasia",
        "All topics",
        "Nature",
        "Fundamental"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "rūga"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin rūga",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin rūga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "rug m inan",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "rug"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 29 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 22 24 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 22 25 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "crease, notch, wrinkle"
      ],
      "id": "en-rug-pl-noun-FvdwK0DL",
      "links": [
        [
          "crease",
          "crease"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ],
        [
          "wrinkle",
          "wrinkle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) crease, notch, wrinkle"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bruzda"
        },
        {
          "word": "fałda"
        },
        {
          "word": "karb"
        },
        {
          "word": "zmarszczka"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uk"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Rug"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rug"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "topical",
      "langcode": "pl",
      "name": "History of Poland",
      "orig": "pl:History of Poland",
      "parents": [
        "History of Europe",
        "Poland",
        "Europe",
        "History",
        "Earth",
        "Eurasia",
        "All topics",
        "Nature",
        "Fundamental"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "gmh"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "rug",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish rug",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "rug"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish rug",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish rug.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rugowy",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in",
        "adj": "rugowy"
      },
      "expansion": "rug m inan (related adjective rugowy)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "rug"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "rugownik"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "rugować"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 29 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mass expulsions of foreign subjects"
      ],
      "id": "en-rug-pl-noun-V0mAjiHe",
      "links": [
        [
          "mass",
          "mass"
        ],
        [
          "expulsion",
          "expulsion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural, historical) mass expulsions of foreign subjects"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ekspulsja"
        },
        {
          "word": "wydalanie"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "in-plural",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 29 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "verifying the validity of parliamentary elections"
      ],
      "id": "en-rug-pl-noun-2XFEJ8PG",
      "links": [
        [
          "verify",
          "verify"
        ],
        [
          "validity",
          "validity"
        ],
        [
          "election",
          "election"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural, historical) verifying the validity of parliamentary elections"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "in-plural",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 23 29 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "judicial inquiry, investigation"
      ],
      "id": "en-rug-pl-noun-yMo3clNo",
      "links": [
        [
          "inquiry",
          "inquiry"
        ],
        [
          "investigation",
          "investigation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly in the plural, historical) judicial inquiry, investigation"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dochodzenie"
        },
        {
          "word": "śledztwo"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "in-plural",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uk"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Rug"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rug"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "topical",
      "langcode": "pl",
      "name": "History of Poland",
      "orig": "pl:History of Poland",
      "parents": [
        "History of Europe",
        "Poland",
        "Europe",
        "History",
        "Earth",
        "Eurasia",
        "All topics",
        "Nature",
        "Fundamental"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "rug f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "rug"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "17 20 25 8 31",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ruga"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive plural of ruga"
      ],
      "id": "en-rug-pl-noun-WaX61wUU",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruga",
          "ruga#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uk"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Rug"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rug"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 16 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish inanimate nouns",
    "Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish masculine nouns",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish noun forms",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
    "Polish terms derived from Latin",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uk",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
    "pl:History of Poland"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "ine-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "rūga"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin rūga",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin rūga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in"
      },
      "expansion": "rug m inan",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "rug"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "crease, notch, wrinkle"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "crease",
          "crease"
        ],
        [
          "notch",
          "notch"
        ],
        [
          "wrinkle",
          "wrinkle"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) crease, notch, wrinkle"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bruzda"
        },
        {
          "word": "fałda"
        },
        {
          "word": "karb"
        },
        {
          "word": "zmarszczka"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uk"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Rug"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rug"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 16 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish inanimate nouns",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish links with manual fragments",
    "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Polish masculine nouns",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish noun forms",
    "Polish nouns",
    "Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
    "Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uk",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
    "pl:History of Poland"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "gmh"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "rug",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish rug",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "rug"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish rug",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish rug.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rugowy",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugów",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugowi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rug",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugach",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-in",
        "adj": "rugowy"
      },
      "expansion": "rug m inan (related adjective rugowy)",
      "name": "pl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "rug"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "rugownik"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "rugować"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "mass expulsions of foreign subjects"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mass",
          "mass"
        ],
        [
          "expulsion",
          "expulsion"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural, historical) mass expulsions of foreign subjects"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "ekspulsja"
        },
        {
          "word": "wydalanie"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "in-plural",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "verifying the validity of parliamentary elections"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "verify",
          "verify"
        ],
        [
          "validity",
          "validity"
        ],
        [
          "election",
          "election"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(in the plural, historical) verifying the validity of parliamentary elections"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "in-plural",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Polish terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "judicial inquiry, investigation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "inquiry",
          "inquiry"
        ],
        [
          "investigation",
          "investigation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly in the plural, historical) judicial inquiry, investigation"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "dochodzenie"
        },
        {
          "word": "śledztwo"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical",
        "in-plural",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uk"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Rug"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rug"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 16 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Polish 1-syllable words",
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish non-lemma forms",
    "Polish noun forms",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Polish terms with homophones",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uk",
    "Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
    "pl:History of Poland"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "noun form",
        "g": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "rug f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "rug"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "ruga"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "genitive plural of ruga"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruga",
          "ruga#Polish"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈruk/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uk"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Róg"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "Rug"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rug"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rug meaning in Polish (8.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.