See per- on Wiktionary
{
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"(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
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"In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
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"In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
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"(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
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"In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
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"(non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
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"Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
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"(chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
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"Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
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"(chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
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"(non-productive) Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
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"english": "very beautiful",
"text": "perguapu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very white",
"text": "perblancu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very well",
"text": "perbién",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very far",
"text": "perlloñe",
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}
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"word": "-ísimu"
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"text": "per- + labori (“to work”) → perlabori (“to earn”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "per- + ludi (“to play”) → perludi (“to win”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "per- + flati (“to flatter”) → perflati (“to coax”)",
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}
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"(chemistry) per-"
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"ipa": "[ˈpɛr]"
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{
"rhymes": "-ɛr"
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"word": "per- -an"
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"expansion": "Malay per-",
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"expansion": "Inherited from Malay per-",
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"expansion": "Tagalog pag-",
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},
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}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "pêr",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "memper-",
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},
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"text": "per- + buat (“to do [something]”) → perbuat (“do [something]”)",
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"voice",
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"intransitive",
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[
"verb",
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],
[
"transitive",
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],
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]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "per- + besar (“big”) → perbesar (“make bigger something big”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of an adjective"
],
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[
"causative",
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"voice",
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[
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[
"verb",
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[
"adjective",
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "per- + istri (“wife”) → peristri (“take as wife, marry”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as"
],
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[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
],
[
"mood",
"mood#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
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"imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]"
],
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"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 21 22 34 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
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}
],
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{
"text": "per- + ajar (“to teach”) → pelajar (“learner”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "per- + kerja (“to work”) → pekerja (“worker”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominal patient used to form nouns from verbs conjugated with ber-"
],
"id": "en-per--id-prefix-tsoeEPQs",
"links": [
[
"ber-",
"ber-#Indonesian"
]
],
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]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "per- + dua (“two”) → perdua",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denominator of a fraction"
],
"id": "en-per--id-prefix-tAtS0T8v",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pər-/"
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*peri->?",
"id": "through"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*peri-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *peri-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *peri-. Related to per (“through”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-ior"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-issimus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "magnus (“great, large”) → permagnus (“very great, very large”)"
},
{
"text": "multī (“many”) → permultī (“very many”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to make adjectives or verbs that are \"very\" something."
],
"id": "en-per--la-prefix-xjmJCez1",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 15 8 13 1 1 2 8 0 5 13 3 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 8 9 13 9 2 2 2 7 0 3 13 3 2 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 8 9 11 9 1 1 1 6 0 2 14 2 1 0 1 0 3 1 1 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbs that are intensive or completive, conveying the idea of doing something all the way through or entirely."
],
"id": "en-per--la-prefix-FnmWpLu6",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "per-"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: per-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: per-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*paR-",
"t": "divide into x (x = numeral)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤر",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤر"
},
"expansion": "per- (Jawi spelling ڤر)",
"name": "ms-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 17 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Match (game)",
"text": "Perlawanan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abstraction, place, goal, result"
],
"id": "en-per--ms-prefix-nYz4Ww2i",
"links": [
[
"abstraction",
"abstraction"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"goal",
"goal"
],
[
"result",
"result"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "One divided by two",
"text": "Satu perdua",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"divided by X numeral"
],
"id": "en-per--ms-prefix-Ro39VH85",
"links": [
[
"divide",
"divide"
],
[
"X",
"x"
],
[
"numeral",
"numeral"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "40 km per hour",
"text": "40 km per jam",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"each, per"
],
"id": "en-per--ms-prefix-8jQDqAga",
"links": [
[
"each",
"each"
],
[
"per",
"per"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tiap-tiap"
},
{
"word": "se-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pər/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ər"
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"per-"
],
"id": "en-per--es-prefix-k~eDTmAR",
"links": [
[
"per-",
"per-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-i (locative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*per(i)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *per(i)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *per(i)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "për"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: për",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: për"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հեռ-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հեռ- (heṙ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հեռ- (heṙ-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*per"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *per"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: per, per-, par-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: par, par-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: per"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*per"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *per",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *per, *per- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸeri-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸeri-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸeri-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*firi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *firi-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *firi- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περί (perí)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περί (perí), πέρ (pér) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pári",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pári"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pári",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pári"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "परि",
"tr": "pári"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: परि (pári)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: परि (pári) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pári",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pári"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (paⁱri)\n→ Persian: پیراـ (pirâ-, “peri-”, prefix)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (paⁱri)\n→ Persian: پیراـ (pirâ-, “peri-”, prefix)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Kurdish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "ber",
"t": "in front"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: ber (“in front”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: ber (“in front”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "بەر",
"t": "in front"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: بەر (ber, “in front”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: بەر (ber, “in front”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Latin: per",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: per (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-nóy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferrai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ferrai",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ferrai (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*péro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *péro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *péro-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭",
"tr": "pēran"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran), 𒁉𒊏𒀭 (peran)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρᾱ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρᾱ (pérā)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέρᾱ (pérā), πέρᾱν (pérān) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pára"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pára",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pára"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pára"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pára",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pára"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर",
"tr": "pára"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पर (pára)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पर (pára) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pára"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pára",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pára"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "فرفر",
"t": "in hurry",
"tr": "farfar"
},
"expansion": "Persian: فرفر (farfar, “in hurry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "? Persian: فرفر (farfar, “in hurry”) (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perperus",
"alt": "(per)perus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: (per)perus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: (per)perus, (per)peram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρπερος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "⇒ *pér-uti (“last year”) (with *wet- (“year”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-so-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρσω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρσω (pórsō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόρσω (pórsō), πόρρω (pórrhō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "porrō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: porrō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: porrō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάρ (pár)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πάρ (pár)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*por-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *por-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *por-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "por-"
},
"expansion": "Latin: por-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: por-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-eh₂-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρέσβυς",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πρέσβυς (présbus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πρέσβυς (présbus)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-é-ti, *pr-ó-ti (“towards, against”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*preti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *preti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *preti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "pret"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: pret",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: pret, pretim, preteims"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pret"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pret",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pret, pretī, pretējs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*proti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *proti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *proti, *protivъ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "проти́в"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: проти́в (protív)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: проти́в (protív), проти (proti) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "proti"
},
"expansion": "Czech: proti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: proti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "przeciw"
},
"expansion": "Polish: przeciw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: przeciw"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "против"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: против (protiv)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: против (protiv)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "про́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: про́ти (próty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: про́ти (próty)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "про́тив"
},
"expansion": "Russian: про́тив (prótiv)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: про́тив (prótiv)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "про̏тив",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: про̏тив",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: про̏тив"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "prȍtiv",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: prȍtiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: prȍtiv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "προτί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: προτί (protí)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: προτί (protí), πρός (prós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*práti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*práti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्रति",
"tr": "práti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: प्रति (práti)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: प्रति (práti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pati-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pati-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pati-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (paⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (paⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "⇒ *pr-e-ti-om"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pretjom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pretjom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pretjom"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pretium"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pretium",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pretium (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-éy (dative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-ey-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prīvus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prīvus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸrīs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrīs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrīs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "ris"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: ris",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: ris"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ré"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ré",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ré"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "roimh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: roimh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: roimh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ro"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: ro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: ro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-is-ḱo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīscus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prīscus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prīscus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-is-m̥mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*priisemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsmos (with vowel coalescence)\nLatin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)\nPaelignian: Prismu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsmos (with vowel coalescence)\nLatin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)\nPaelignian: Prismu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-is-tn̥-o- (with *ten-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīstinus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prīstinus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prīstinus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-n-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρίν",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρίν (prín), πρείν (preín)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρίν (prín), πρείν (preín) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-is-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furistaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furistaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-yōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*priōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *priōs\nLatin: prior (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *priōs\nLatin: prior (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-ó, *pr-óH (allative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥H-e/o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*pər-parə-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *pər-parə-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *pər-parə-a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "përpara"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: përpara",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: përpara"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "para"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: para",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: para"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "առ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pŕ̥-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furþą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furþą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furþą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥-tero-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furþeraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furþeraz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furþeraz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*furþar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *furþar",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *furþar (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-u-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρυμνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pre"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pre"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"before, in front"
],
"id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:before",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"front",
"front"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:before"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European ordinal numbers",
"parents": [
"Ordinal numbers",
"Numbers",
"All topics",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first"
],
"id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-p5N7ZLjK",
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*péřřō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *péřřō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *péřřō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πείρω",
"t": "to pierce"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περάω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pariti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pariti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pariti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьrati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьrati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "? Proto-Slavic: *pьrati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*farjaną",
"t": "to carry, to ferry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”), *farjǭ (“ferry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōrijaną",
"t": "to lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”) (formed from primary *faraną) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पारयति",
"t": "to make cross",
"tr": "pāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पारयति (pāráyati, “to make cross”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पारयति (pāráyati, “to make cross”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-ti (o-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faraną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *faraną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *faraną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔπορον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔπορον (époron)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔπορον (époron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pí-por-ti (o-grade reduplicated present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*píparti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píparti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píparti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*píparti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píparti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píparti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिपर्ति",
"t": "to bring across",
"tr": "píparti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti, “to bring across”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti, “to bring across”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*portāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portāō\nLatin: portō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *portāō\nLatin: portō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*prā́ťťō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prā́ťťō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prā́ťťō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρᾱ́σσω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-tu-s (“crossing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-dʰmo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πορθμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pōr-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōriz",
"t": "passable"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pór-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*parmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *parmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *parmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pormъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pormъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*farmaz",
"t": "load, fare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farmaz (“load, fare”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *farmaz (“load, fare”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸoros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸoros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸoros (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρος (póros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόρος (póros)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πορεύω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορεύω (poreúō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορεύω (poreúō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πορίζω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορίζω (porízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορίζω (porízō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pārás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pārás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pārás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pārás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pārás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pārás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पार",
"t": "crossing",
"tr": "pārá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पार (pārá, “crossing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पार (pārá, “crossing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pere"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-teh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*portā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portā\nLatin: porta (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌌 (púrtam, “gate, door”, acc.sg.)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *portā\nLatin: porta (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌌 (púrtam, “gate, door”, acc.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-ti-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fardiz",
"t": "journey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*p(e)rē-(n-)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "prura",
"t": "bring (along), lead (up/forward)"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*priś"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *priś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *priś"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "prish"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: prish",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: prish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "paramà",
"g": "f",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "support, help"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 0 37 12 12 26 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 0 42 12 8 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 0 60 5 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 68 5 2 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 0 68 5 2 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go through"
],
"id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:go_forth",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:go forth"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to carry forth, fare"
],
"id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-LVic7ohY",
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"forth",
"forth"
],
[
"fare",
"fare"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-ih₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*peřřa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *peřřa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *peřřa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πεῖρα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πεῖρα (peîra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πεῖρα (peîra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-ih₂-ye-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "comperiō",
"alt": "(com)periō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: (com)periō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: (com)periō, (ex)perior, (op)perior"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-ih₂-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perītus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: perītus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: perītus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-ih₂-tlom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*perītlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *perītlom\nLatin: perīculum (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *perītlom\nLatin: perīculum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-h₃-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fērō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fērō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fērō, *fērą (“danger”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to try, dare, risk"
],
"id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:try",
"links": [
[
"try",
"try"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"risk",
"risk"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:try"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περάω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-neh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pórnē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pórnē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pórnē"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρνη (pórnē)\nGreek: πόρνη f (pórni, “prostitute”)\n⇒ Old Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)\nArmenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόρνη (pórnē)\nGreek: πόρνη f (pórni, “prostitute”)\n⇒ Old Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)\nArmenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρνημι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρνημι (pérnēmi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέρνημι (pérnēmi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πιπράσκω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πιπράσκω (pipráskō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πιπράσκω (pipráskō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pars"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pars",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pars (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "portiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: portiō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: portiō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pār"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pār",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "? Latin: pār (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sell"
],
"id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:sell",
"links": [
[
"sell",
"sell"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:sell"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пера-"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пера- (pjera-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пера- (pjera-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пре-",
"3": "прѣ-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: пре- (pre-), прѣ- (prě-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: пре- (pre-), прѣ- (prě-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱂⱃⰵ-",
"3": "ⱂⱃⱑ-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰵ- (pre-), ⱂⱃⱑ- (prě-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰵ- (pre-), ⱂⱃⱑ- (prě-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пре-"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: пре- (pre-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: пре- (pre-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пре-"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пре- (pre-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пре- (pre-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "пре-",
"3": "прије-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: пре-, прије-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: пре-, прије-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pre-",
"3": "prije-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pre-, prije-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pre-, prije-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pre-"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pre-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pre-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "pře-"
},
"expansion": "Czech: pře-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: pře-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "prze-",
"qq": "partially from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*pro-</i>"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: prze- (partially from *pro-)\nPolish: prze-\nSilesian: prze-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: prze- (partially from *pro-)\nPolish: prze-\nSilesian: prze-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "pre-"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: pre-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: pre-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pśe-"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pśe-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: pśe-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "pře-"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pře-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: pře-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "prze-"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: prze-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: prze-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "przê-"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: przê-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: przê-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "prea-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: prea-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: prea-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*per"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *per",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/per-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "per"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"over-"
],
"id": "en-per--sla-pro-prefix-zlE3bgEg",
"links": [
[
"over-",
"over-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"re-"
],
"id": "en-per--sla-pro-prefix-3fQno6NV",
"links": [
[
"re-",
"re-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "la",
"3": "per-"
},
"expansion": "Latin per-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin per-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ísimu"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"Asturian lemmas",
"Asturian prefixes",
"Asturian terms derived from Latin",
"Asturian terms with usage examples",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "very beautiful",
"text": "perguapu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very white",
"text": "perblancu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very well",
"text": "perbién",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very far",
"text": "perlloñe",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to make superlatives of adjectives and adverbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "per"
},
"expansion": "Latin per",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin per and per-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"sense": "extremely",
"word": "pellucid"
},
{
"sense": "extremely",
"word": "perfervid"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
],
[
"perforate",
"perforate"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
],
"senseid": [
"en:through"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
],
"links": [
[
"thoroughly",
"thoroughly"
],
[
"perfect",
"perfect"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
],
"senseid": [
"en:wholly"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
],
"links": [
[
"destruction",
"destruction"
],
[
"pervert",
"pervert"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
],
"senseid": [
"en:destruction"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
],
"links": [
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
"perfervid",
"perfervid"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
],
"senseid": [
"en:intensifying"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"proportion",
"proportion"
],
[
"element",
"element"
],
[
"compound",
"compound"
],
[
"peroxide",
"peroxide"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
],
"senseid": [
"en:maximum"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:four"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-per-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "through",
"word": "trans-"
},
{
"sense": "through",
"word": "para-"
},
{
"sense": "through",
"word": "dia-"
},
{
"sense": "thoroughly",
"word": "para-"
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English unproductive prefixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "per"
},
"expansion": "Old French per",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"per",
"per"
],
[
"perchance",
"perchance"
],
[
"perhaps",
"perhaps"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-productive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-productive) Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
],
"senseid": [
"en:by"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-per-.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from per",
"name": "back-formation"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from per.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per"
],
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Esperanto back-formations",
"Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
"Esperanto lemmas",
"Esperanto prefixes",
"Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "per- + labori (“to work”) → perlabori (“to earn”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "per- + ludi (“to play”) → perludi (“to win”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "per- + flati (“to flatter”) → perflati (“to coax”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes that the action expressed by the root becomes a means to attain a goal"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[per]"
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "per-"
},
"expansion": "Latin per-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin per-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French prefixes",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"per-"
],
"links": [
[
"per-",
"per-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛʁ/"
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "la",
"3": "per",
"4": "",
"5": "through"
},
"expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin per (“through”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"per"
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian prefixes",
"Hungarian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Hungarian terms derived from Latin",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛr",
"hu:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"per-"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"per-",
"per-#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) per-"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɛr]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛr"
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian prefixes",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "per- -an"
},
{
"word": "per- -kan"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "per-",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay per-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "per-"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Malay per-",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*paʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "pag-"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog pag-",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "aav-pro",
"2": "*p-, *pC-",
"t": "causative prefix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Malay per-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ. Cognate with Tagalog pag-.\n* comparable to Proto-Austroasiatic *p-, *pC- (“causative prefix”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pêr",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "memper-",
"tags": [
"active"
]
},
{
"form": "diper-",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix",
"3": "non-active/imperative/basic",
"4": "per-",
"5": "active",
"6": "memper-",
"7": "passive",
"8": "diper-",
"head": "pêr"
},
"expansion": "pêr (non-active/imperative/basic per-, active memper-, passive diper-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pêr"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "per- + buat (“to do [something]”) → perbuat (“do [something]”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of a transitive verb"
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative#English"
],
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
],
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
],
[
"mood",
"mood#English"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "per- + besar (“big”) → perbesar (“make bigger something big”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of an adjective"
],
"links": [
[
"causative",
"causative#English"
],
[
"voice",
"voice#English"
],
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
],
[
"mood",
"mood#English"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "per- + istri (“wife”) → peristri (“take as wife, marry”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as"
],
"links": [
[
"imperative",
"imperative#English"
],
[
"mood",
"mood#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "per- + ajar (“to teach”) → pelajar (“learner”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "per- + kerja (“to work”) → pekerja (“worker”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominal patient used to form nouns from verbs conjugated with ber-"
],
"links": [
[
"ber-",
"ber-#Indonesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "per- + dua (“two”) → perdua",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"denominator of a fraction"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pər-/"
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*peri->?",
"id": "through"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*peri-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *peri-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *peri-. Related to per (“through”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ior"
},
{
"word": "-issimus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "magnus (“great, large”) → permagnus (“very great, very large”)"
},
{
"text": "multī (“many”) → permultī (“very many”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to make adjectives or verbs that are \"very\" something."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form verbs that are intensive or completive, conveying the idea of doing something all the way through or entirely."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay prefixes",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/ər"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "per-"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: per-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: per-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*paR-",
"t": "divide into x (x = numeral)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ڤر",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "ڤر"
},
"expansion": "per- (Jawi spelling ڤر)",
"name": "ms-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Match (game)",
"text": "Perlawanan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abstraction, place, goal, result"
],
"links": [
[
"abstraction",
"abstraction"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"goal",
"goal"
],
[
"result",
"result"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "One divided by two",
"text": "Satu perdua",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"divided by X numeral"
],
"links": [
[
"divide",
"divide"
],
[
"X",
"x"
],
[
"numeral",
"numeral"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Malay terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "40 km per hour",
"text": "40 km per jam",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"each, per"
],
"links": [
[
"each",
"each"
],
[
"per",
"per"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tiap-tiap"
},
{
"word": "se-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pər/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ər"
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-i (locative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*per(i)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *per(i)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *per(i)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "për"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: për",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: për"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հեռ-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հեռ- (heṙ-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հեռ- (heṙ-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*per"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *per"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: per, per-, par-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "par"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: par",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: par, par-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: per",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: per"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*per"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *per",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *per, *per- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸeri-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸeri-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸeri-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*firi-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *firi-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *firi- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περί (perí)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περί (perí), πέρ (pér) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pári",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pári"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pári",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pári"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "परि",
"tr": "pári"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: परि (pári)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: परि (pári) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pári"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pári",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pári"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (paⁱri)\n→ Persian: پیراـ (pirâ-, “peri-”, prefix)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (paⁱri)\n→ Persian: پیراـ (pirâ-, “peri-”, prefix)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ku"
},
"expansion": "Kurdish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "ber",
"t": "in front"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: ber (“in front”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: ber (“in front”)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "بەر",
"t": "in front"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: بەر (ber, “in front”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: بەر (ber, “in front”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "per"
},
"expansion": "Latin: per",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: per (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-nóy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ferrai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ferrai",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *ferrai (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*péro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *péro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *péro-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭",
"tr": "pēran"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran), 𒁉𒊏𒀭 (peran)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρᾱ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρᾱ (pérā)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέρᾱ (pérā), πέρᾱν (pérān) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pára"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pára",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pára"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pára"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pára",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pára"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर",
"tr": "pára"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पर (pára)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पर (pára) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pára"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pára",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pára"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "فرفر",
"t": "in hurry",
"tr": "farfar"
},
"expansion": "Persian: فرفر (farfar, “in hurry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "(archaic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "? Persian: فرفر (farfar, “in hurry”) (archaic)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perperus",
"alt": "(per)perus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: (per)perus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: (per)perus, (per)peram"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρπερος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "⇒ *pér-uti (“last year”) (with *wet- (“year”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-so-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρσω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρσω (pórsō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόρσω (pórsō), πόρρω (pórrhō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "porrō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: porrō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: porrō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάρ (pár)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πάρ (pár)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*por-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *por-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *por-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "por-"
},
"expansion": "Latin: por-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: por-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-eh₂-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-és"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρέσβυς",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πρέσβυς (présbus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πρέσβυς (présbus)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-é-ti, *pr-ó-ti (“towards, against”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*preti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *preti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *preti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "pret"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: pret",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: pret, pretim, preteims"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pret"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pret",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pret, pretī, pretējs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*proti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *proti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *proti, *protivъ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "проти́в"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: проти́в (protív)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: проти́в (protív), проти (proti) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "proti"
},
"expansion": "Czech: proti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: proti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "przeciw"
},
"expansion": "Polish: przeciw",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: przeciw"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "против"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: против (protiv)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: против (protiv)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "про́ти"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: про́ти (próty)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: про́ти (próty)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "про́тив"
},
"expansion": "Russian: про́тив (prótiv)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: про́тив (prótiv)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "про̏тив",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: про̏тив",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: про̏тив"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "prȍtiv",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: prȍtiv",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: prȍtiv"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "προτί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: προτί (protí)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: προτί (protí), πρός (prós) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*práti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*práti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्रति",
"tr": "práti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: प्रति (práti)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: प्रति (práti) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*pati-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pati-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *pati-"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (paⁱti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (paⁱti)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "⇒ *pr-e-ti-om"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pretjom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pretjom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pretjom"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pretium"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pretium",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pretium (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-éy (dative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-ey-wo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīvus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prīvus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prīvus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-is"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸrīs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrīs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrīs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "ris"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: ris",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: ris"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ré"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ré",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ré"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "roimh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: roimh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: roimh"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ro"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: ro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: ro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-is-ḱo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīscus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prīscus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prīscus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-is-m̥mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*priisemos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsmos (with vowel coalescence)\nLatin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)\nPaelignian: Prismu",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsmos (with vowel coalescence)\nLatin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)\nPaelignian: Prismu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-is-tn̥-o- (with *ten-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prīstinus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prīstinus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prīstinus (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-n-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρίν",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρίν (prín), πρείν (preín)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρίν (prín), πρείν (preín) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-is-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furistaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furistaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-i-yōs"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*priōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *priōs\nLatin: prior (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *priōs\nLatin: prior (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-ó, *pr-óH (allative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥H-e/o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*pər-parə-a"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *pər-parə-a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *pər-parə-a"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "përpara"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: përpara",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: përpara"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "para"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: para",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: para"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "առ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pŕ̥-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furþą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furþą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furþą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥-tero-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furþeraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furþeraz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furþeraz"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*furþar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *furþar",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *furþar (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr-u-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρυμνός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pre"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pre"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"before, in front"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"front",
"front"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:before"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European ordinal numbers"
],
"glosses": [
"first"
],
"links": [
[
"first",
"first"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*péřřō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *péřřō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *péřřō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πείρω",
"t": "to pierce"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περάω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pariti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pariti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pariti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьrati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьrati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "? Proto-Slavic: *pьrati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*farjaną",
"t": "to carry, to ferry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”), *farjǭ (“ferry”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōrijaną",
"t": "to lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”) (formed from primary *faraną) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pāráyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pāráyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पारयति",
"t": "to make cross",
"tr": "pāráyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पारयति (pāráyati, “to make cross”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पारयति (pāráyati, “to make cross”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-ti (o-grade root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*faraną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *faraną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *faraną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἔπορον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔπορον (époron)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἔπορον (époron)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pí-por-ti (o-grade reduplicated present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*píparti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píparti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píparti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*píparti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píparti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píparti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिपर्ति",
"t": "to bring across",
"tr": "píparti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti, “to bring across”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti, “to bring across”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*portāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portāō\nLatin: portō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *portāō\nLatin: portō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*prā́ťťō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prā́ťťō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prā́ťťō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρᾱ́σσω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-tu-s (“crossing”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-dʰmo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πορθμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pōr-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fōriz",
"t": "passable"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pór-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*parmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *parmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *parmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pormъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pormъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pormъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*farmaz",
"t": "load, fare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farmaz (“load, fare”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *farmaz (“load, fare”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸoros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸoros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸoros (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρος (póros)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόρος (póros)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πορεύω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορεύω (poreúō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορεύω (poreúō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πορίζω",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορίζω (porízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορίζω (porízō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pārás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pārás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pārás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pārás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pārás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pārás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पार",
"t": "crossing",
"tr": "pārá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पार (pārá, “crossing”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पार (pārá, “crossing”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "pere"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: pere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: pere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-teh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*portā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portā\nLatin: porta (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌌 (púrtam, “gate, door”, acc.sg.)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *portā\nLatin: porta (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌌 (púrtam, “gate, door”, acc.sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-ti-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fardiz",
"t": "journey"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*p(e)rē-(n-)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "prura",
"t": "bring (along), lead (up/forward)"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*priś"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *priś",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *priś"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "prish"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: prish",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: prish"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "paramà",
"g": "f",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "support, help"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to go through"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:go forth"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to carry forth, fare"
],
"links": [
[
"carry",
"carry"
],
[
"forth",
"forth"
],
[
"fare",
"fare"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-ih₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*peřřa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *peřřa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *peřřa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πεῖρα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πεῖρα (peîra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πεῖρα (peîra)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-ih₂-ye-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "comperiō",
"alt": "(com)periō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: (com)periō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: (com)periō, (ex)perior, (op)perior"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-ih₂-to-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "perītus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: perītus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: perītus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-ih₂-tlom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*perītlom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *perītlom\nLatin: perīculum (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *perītlom\nLatin: perīculum (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-h₃-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fērō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fērō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fērō, *fērą (“danger”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to try, dare, risk"
],
"links": [
[
"try",
"try"
],
[
"dare",
"dare"
],
[
"risk",
"risk"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:try"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "περάω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*por-neh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pórnē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pórnē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pórnē"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόρνη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρνη (pórnē)\nGreek: πόρνη f (pórni, “prostitute”)\n⇒ Old Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)\nArmenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόρνη (pórnē)\nGreek: πόρνη f (pórni, “prostitute”)\n⇒ Old Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)\nArmenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρνημι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρνημι (pérnēmi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέρνημι (pérnēmi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πιπράσκω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πιπράσκω (pipráskō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πιπράσκω (pipráskō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pars"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pars",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pars (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "portiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: portiō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: portiō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pār"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pār",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "? Latin: pār (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to sell"
],
"links": [
[
"sell",
"sell"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:sell"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic prefixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ort",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Old Ruthenian: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ruthenian: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "пера-"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: пера- (pjera-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: пера- (pjera-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Russian: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ono",
"2": "пере-"
},
"expansion": "Old Novgorodian: пере- (pere-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Novgorodian: пере- (pere-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "пре-",
"3": "прѣ-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: пре- (pre-), прѣ- (prě-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: пре- (pre-), прѣ- (prě-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "ⱂⱃⰵ-",
"3": "ⱂⱃⱑ-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰵ- (pre-), ⱂⱃⱑ- (prě-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰵ- (pre-), ⱂⱃⱑ- (prě-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пре-"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: пре- (pre-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: пре- (pre-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "пре-"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: пре- (pre-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: пре- (pre-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "пре-",
"3": "прије-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: пре-, прије-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: пре-, прије-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pre-",
"3": "prije-",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: pre-, prije-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: pre-, prije-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "pre-"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: pre-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: pre-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "pře-"
},
"expansion": "Czech: pře-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: pře-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "prze-",
"qq": "partially from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sla-pro\">*pro-</i>"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: prze- (partially from *pro-)\nPolish: prze-\nSilesian: prze-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: prze- (partially from *pro-)\nPolish: prze-\nSilesian: prze-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "pre-"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: pre-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: pre-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "pśe-"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pśe-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: pśe-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "pře-"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pře-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: pře-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "prze-"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: prze-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: prze-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "przê-"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: przê-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: przê-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Non-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "prea-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: prea-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: prea-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*per"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *per",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/per-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "per"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"over-"
],
"links": [
[
"over-",
"over-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"re-"
],
"links": [
[
"re-",
"re-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "per-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"per-"
],
"links": [
[
"per-",
"per-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "per-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for per- meaning in All languages combined (59.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: non-active/imperative/basic per-",
"path": [
"per-"
],
"section": "Indonesian",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "per-",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.