"per-" meaning in All languages combined

See per- on Wiktionary

Prefix [Asturian]

Etymology: From Latin per-. Etymology templates: {{der|ast|la|per-}} Latin per- Head templates: {{head|ast|prefix}} per-
  1. used to make superlatives of adjectives and adverbs Tags: morpheme Related terms: -ísimu
    Sense id: en-per--ast-prefix-lX8NUL0O Categories (other): Asturian entries with incorrect language header

Prefix [English]

Etymology: Borrowed from Latin per and per-. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|per}} Latin per, {{m|la|per-}} per- Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} per-, {{en-prefix}} per-
  1. (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "through", as in perforate. Tags: morpheme Synonyms (through): trans-, para-, dia-
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-qKOyLkOR Disambiguation of 'through': 100 0 0 0 0 0
  2. (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "thoroughly", as in perfect. Tags: morpheme Synonyms (thoroughly): para-
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-v~ArjnxQ Disambiguation of 'thoroughly': 8 70 6 8 5 2
  3. (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "to destruction", as in pervert. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-ltI1nqH~
  4. (non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense "extremely", as in perfervid. Tags: morpheme Related terms (extremely): pellucid, perfervid
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-16-6Y2MK Disambiguation of 'extremely': 4 5 4 71 5 11
  5. (chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide. Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Chemistry
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-0x9MEMLJ Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
  6. (chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four). Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Chemistry
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-u5HcL-CG Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Prefix [English]

Etymology: Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par). Etymology templates: {{der|en|fro|per}} Old French per, {{m|fr|par}} par Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} per-, {{en-prefix}} per-
  1. (non-productive) Denoting the sense "by" or "per", as in perchance or perhaps. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-VKyzgZr3
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Prefix [Esperanto]

IPA: [per]
Etymology: Back-formation from per. Etymology templates: {{back-formation|eo|per}} Back-formation from per Head templates: {{head|eo|prefix}} per-
  1. denotes that the action expressed by the root becomes a means to attain a goal Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--eo-prefix-fN6nfQ17 Categories (other): Esperanto entries with incorrect language header

Prefix [French]

IPA: /pɛʁ/
Etymology: From Latin per-. Etymology templates: {{der|fr|la|per-}} Latin per- Head templates: {{head|fr|prefix}} per-
  1. per- Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--fr-prefix-k~eDTmAR Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header

Prefix [Hungarian]

IPA: [ˈpɛr]
Rhymes: -ɛr Etymology: From Latin per (“through”). Etymology templates: {{bor|hu|la|per||through}} Latin per (“through”) Head templates: {{head|hu|prefix}} per-
  1. (chemistry) per- Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Chemistry
    Sense id: en-per--hu-prefix-k~eDTmAR Categories (other): Hungarian entries with incorrect language header Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences

Prefix [Indonesian]

IPA: [pər-]
Etymology: From Malay per-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ. Cognate with Tagalog pag-. Etymology templates: {{inh|id|ms|per-}} Malay per-, {{inh|id|poz-pro|*paʀ}} Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ, {{cog|tl|pag-}} Tagalog pag- Head templates: {{head|id|prefix|}} per-
  1. causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of a transitive verb Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--id-prefix-nG5tH6BR Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 26 26 27 21 1
  2. causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of an adjective Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--id-prefix-XVqH7iYu Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 26 26 27 21 1
  3. imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base] Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--id-prefix-OMv889z1 Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 26 26 27 21 1
  4. nominal patient used to form nouns from verbs conjugated with ber- Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--id-prefix-tsoeEPQs Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 26 26 27 21 1
  5. denominator of a fraction Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--id-prefix-tAtS0T8v
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: per- -an, per- -kan

Prefix [Latin]

Etymology: From Proto-Italic *peri-. Related to per (“through”). Etymology templates: {{inh|la|itc-pro|*peri-}} Proto-Italic *peri-, {{m|la|per||through}} per (“through”) Head templates: {{head|la|prefix}} per-
  1. Used to make adjectives or verbs that are "very" something. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--la-prefix-xjmJCez1 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 48 52
  2. Used to form verbs that are intensive or completive, conveying the idea of doing something all the way through or entirely. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--la-prefix-FnmWpLu6 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 48 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -ior, -issimus

Prefix [Malay]

IPA: /pər/ Forms: ⁧ڤر⁩ [Jawi]
Rhymes: -ər Etymology: From Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ms|map-pro|*paR-|t=divide into x (x = numeral)}} Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”) Head templates: {{ms-prefix|j=ڤر}} per- (Jawi spelling ⁧ڤر⁩)
  1. abstraction, place, goal, result Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--ms-prefix-nYz4Ww2i
  2. divided by X numeral Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--ms-prefix-Ro39VH85
  3. each, per Tags: morpheme Synonyms: tiap-tiap, se-
    Sense id: en-per--ms-prefix-8jQDqAga

Root [Proto-Indo-European]

  1. before, in front Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:before
  2. first Tags: morpheme, reconstruction Categories (topical): Proto-Indo-European ordinal numbers
    Sense id: en-per--ine-pro-root-p5N7ZLjK

Root [Proto-Indo-European]

  1. to go through Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:go_forth Categories (other): Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots, Proto-Indo-European roots Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots: 0 0 53 22 25 0 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European roots: 0 0 74 13 13 0
  2. to carry forth, fare Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-per--ine-pro-root-LVic7ohY

Root [Proto-Indo-European]

  1. to try, dare, risk Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:try

Root [Proto-Indo-European]

  1. to sell Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:sell

Prefix [Proto-Slavic]

Etymology: From Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-. Etymology templates: {{inh|sla-pro|ine-bsl-pro|*per}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, {{der|sla-pro|ine-pro|*per-}} Proto-Indo-European *per- Head templates: {{head|sla-pro|prefix}} *per-
  1. over- Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-per--sla-pro-prefix-zlE3bgEg
  2. re- Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-per--sla-pro-prefix-3fQno6NV
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: per

Prefix [Spanish]

Head templates: {{head|es|prefix}} per-
  1. per- Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--es-prefix-k~eDTmAR Categories (other): Spanish entries with incorrect language header

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for per- meaning in All languages combined (65.8kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin per and per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-qKOyLkOR",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "perforate",
          "perforate"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0",
          "sense": "through",
          "word": "trans-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0",
          "sense": "through",
          "word": "para-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0",
          "sense": "through",
          "word": "dia-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-v~ArjnxQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "thoroughly",
          "thoroughly"
        ],
        [
          "perfect",
          "perfect"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 70 6 8 5 2",
          "sense": "thoroughly",
          "word": "para-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-ltI1nqH~",
      "links": [
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "pervert",
          "pervert"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-16-6Y2MK",
      "links": [
        [
          "extremely",
          "extremely"
        ],
        [
          "perfervid",
          "perfervid"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 4 71 5 11",
          "sense": "extremely",
          "word": "pellucid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 4 71 5 11",
          "sense": "extremely",
          "word": "perfervid"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-0x9MEMLJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "proportion",
          "proportion"
        ],
        [
          "element",
          "element"
        ],
        [
          "compound",
          "compound"
        ],
        [
          "peroxide",
          "peroxide"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-u5HcL-CG",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French per",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "par"
      },
      "expansion": "par",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-VKyzgZr3",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ],
        [
          "perchance",
          "perchance"
        ],
        [
          "perhaps",
          "perhaps"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ast",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ast",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Asturian",
  "lang_code": "ast",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "very beautiful",
          "text": "perguapu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "very white",
          "text": "perblancu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "very well",
          "text": "perbién",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "very far",
          "text": "perlloñe",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to make superlatives of adjectives and adverbs"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ast-prefix-lX8NUL0O",
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "-ísimu"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eo",
        "2": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Back-formation from per",
      "name": "back-formation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Back-formation from per.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eo",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "per"
  ],
  "lang": "Esperanto",
  "lang_code": "eo",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + labori (“to work”) → perlabori (“to earn”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "per- + ludi (“to play”) → perludi (“to win”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "per- + flati (“to flatter”) → perflati (“to coax”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes that the action expressed by the root becomes a means to attain a goal"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--eo-prefix-fN6nfQ17",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[per]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per-"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--fr-prefix-k~eDTmAR",
      "links": [
        [
          "per-",
          "per-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɛʁ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per",
        "4": "",
        "5": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin per (“through”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "per"
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "hu",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "hu:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per-"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--hu-prefix-k~eDTmAR",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "per-",
          "per-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) per-"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpɛr]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛr"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "28 28 28 16 0",
      "word": "per- -an"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "28 28 28 16 0",
      "word": "per- -kan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay per-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*paʀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "pag-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tagalog pag-",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay per-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ. Cognate with Tagalog pag-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "prefix",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "pêr"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 27 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + buat (“to do [something]”) → perbuat (“do [something]”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of a transitive verb"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--id-prefix-nG5tH6BR",
      "links": [
        [
          "causative",
          "causative#English"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "imperative",
          "imperative#English"
        ],
        [
          "mood",
          "mood#English"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#English"
        ],
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 27 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + besar (“big”) → perbesar (“make bigger something big”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of an adjective"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--id-prefix-XVqH7iYu",
      "links": [
        [
          "causative",
          "causative#English"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "imperative",
          "imperative#English"
        ],
        [
          "mood",
          "mood#English"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#English"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 27 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + istri (“wife”) → peristri (“take as wife, marry”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]",
        "imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--id-prefix-OMv889z1",
      "links": [
        [
          "imperative",
          "imperative#English"
        ],
        [
          "mood",
          "mood#English"
        ],
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 27 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + ajar (“to teach”) → pelajar (“learner”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "per- + kerja (“to work”) → pekerja (“worker”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nominal patient used to form nouns from verbs conjugated with ber-"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--id-prefix-tsoeEPQs",
      "links": [
        [
          "ber-",
          "ber-#Indonesian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + dua (“two”) → perdua",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denominator of a fraction"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--id-prefix-tAtS0T8v",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pər-]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *peri-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "3": "",
        "4": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "per (“through”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *peri-. Related to per (“through”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "-ior"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "47 53",
      "word": "-issimus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "magnus (“great, large”) → permagnus (“very great, very large”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "multī (“many”) → permultī (“very many”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to make adjectives or verbs that are \"very\" something."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--la-prefix-xjmJCez1",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbs that are intensive or completive, conveying the idea of doing something all the way through or entirely."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--la-prefix-FnmWpLu6",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "per-",
            "3": ";",
            "4": "per"
          },
          "expansion": "Indonesian: per-; per",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Indonesian: per-; per"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*paR-",
        "t": "divide into x (x = numeral)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "⁧ڤر⁩",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "j": "ڤر"
      },
      "expansion": "per- (Jawi spelling ⁧ڤر⁩)",
      "name": "ms-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Match (game)",
          "text": "Perlawanan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "abstraction, place, goal, result"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ms-prefix-nYz4Ww2i",
      "links": [
        [
          "abstraction",
          "abstraction"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ],
        [
          "goal",
          "goal"
        ],
        [
          "result",
          "result"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "One divided by two",
          "text": "Satu perdua",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "divided by X numeral"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ms-prefix-Ro39VH85",
      "links": [
        [
          "divide",
          "divide"
        ],
        [
          "X",
          "x"
        ],
        [
          "numeral",
          "numeral"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "40 km per hour",
          "text": "40 km per jam",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "each, per"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ms-prefix-8jQDqAga",
      "links": [
        [
          "each",
          "each"
        ],
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "tiap-tiap"
        },
        {
          "word": "se-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pər/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ər"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per-"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--es-prefix-k~eDTmAR",
      "links": [
        [
          "per-",
          "per-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pér-i",
            "pos": "locative"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-i (locative)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-i (locative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*per(i)"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *per(i)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *per(i)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "për"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: për",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: për"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "հեռ-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: հեռ- (heṙ-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: հեռ- (heṙ-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*per"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *per",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *per"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "per"
          },
          "expansion": "Lithuanian: per",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "per-"
          },
          "expansion": "per-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "par-"
          },
          "expansion": "par-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lithuanian: per, per-, par-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "par"
          },
          "expansion": "Latvian: par",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "par-"
          },
          "expansion": "par-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latvian: par, par-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prg",
            "2": "per"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Prussian: per",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Prussian: per"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*per"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *per",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*per-"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *per, *per- (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*firi-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *firi-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *firi- (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "περί"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: περί (perí)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρ"
          },
          "expansion": "πέρ (pér)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: περί (perí), πέρ (pér) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pári",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pári"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*pári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pári",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pári"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "परि",
            "tr": "pári"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: परि (pári)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: परि (pári) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*pári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pári",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *pári"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: ⁧𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌⁩ (paⁱri)\n→ Persian: ⁧پیراـ⁩ (pirâ-, “peri-”, prefix)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: ⁧𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌⁩ (paⁱri)\n→ Persian: ⁧پیراـ⁩ (pirâ-, “peri-”, prefix)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "per"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: per",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: per (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-nóy"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-nóy",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-nóy"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*ferrai"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ferrai",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *ferrai (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pér-o-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-o-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-o-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-ana-pro",
            "2": "",
            "alt": "*péro-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *péro-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Anatolian: *péro-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hit",
            "2": "𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭",
            "tr": "pēran"
          },
          "expansion": "Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hit",
            "2": "𒁉𒊏𒀭",
            "tr": "peran"
          },
          "expansion": "𒁉𒊏𒀭 (peran)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran), 𒁉𒊏𒀭 (peran)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρᾱ"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρᾱ (pérā)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρᾱν"
          },
          "expansion": "πέρᾱν (pérān)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πέρᾱ (pérā), πέρᾱν (pérān) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pára"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pára",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pára"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*pára"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pára",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pára"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "पर",
            "tr": "pára"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: पर (pára)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: पर (pára) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*pára"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pára",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *pára"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "فرفر",
            "t": "in hurry",
            "tr": "farfar"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: ⁧فرفر⁩ (farfar, “in hurry”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "? Persian: ⁧فرفر⁩ (farfar, “in hurry”) (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "perperus",
            "alt": "(per)perus",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: (per)perus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "perperam",
            "3": "(per)peram"
          },
          "expansion": "(per)peram",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: (per)perus, (per)peram"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρπερος",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*péruti",
            "3": "*pér-uti",
            "4": "last year"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-uti (“last year”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*wet-",
            "3": "",
            "4": "year"
          },
          "expansion": "*wet- (“year”)",
          "name": "m"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ *pér-uti (“last year”) (with *wet- (“year”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-so-"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-so-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-so-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πόρσω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρσω (pórsō)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πόρρω"
          },
          "expansion": "πόρρω (pórrhō)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πόρσω (pórsō), πόρρω (pórrhō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "porrō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: porrō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: porrō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πάρ"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάρ (pár)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πάρ (pár)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*por-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *por-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *por-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "por-"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: por-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: por-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*preh₂-",
            "3": "*pr-eh₂-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-eh₂-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-eh₂-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-és"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-és",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-és"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρέσβυς",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πρέσβυς (présbus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πρέσβυς (présbus)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-é-ti"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-é-ti",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-ó-ti",
            "t": "towards, against"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-ó-ti (“towards, against”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-é-ti, *pr-ó-ti (“towards, against”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*preti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *preti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *preti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "pret"
          },
          "expansion": "Latgalian: pret",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "pretim"
          },
          "expansion": "pretim",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "preteims"
          },
          "expansion": "preteims",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latgalian: pret, pretim, preteims"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "pret"
          },
          "expansion": "Latvian: pret",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "pretī"
          },
          "expansion": "pretī",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "pretējs"
          },
          "expansion": "pretējs",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latvian: pret, pretī, pretējs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*proti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *proti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*protivъ"
          },
          "expansion": "*protivъ",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *proti, *protivъ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "проти́в"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: проти́в (protív)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "проти"
          },
          "expansion": "проти (proti)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: проти́в (protív), проти (proti) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "proti"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: proti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: proti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "przeciw"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: przeciw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: przeciw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "против"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: против (protiv)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: против (protiv)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "про́тив"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: про́тив (prótiv)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: про́тив (prótiv)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "про̏тив",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: про̏тив",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: про̏тив"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "prȍtiv",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: prȍtiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: prȍtiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "προτί"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: προτί (protí)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρός"
          },
          "expansion": "πρός (prós)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: προτί (protí), πρός (prós) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*práti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*práti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "प्रति",
            "tr": "práti"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: प्रति (práti)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: प्रति (práti) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*pati-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pati-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *pati-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": "𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: ⁧𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌⁩ (paⁱti)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: ⁧𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌⁩ (paⁱti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-e-ti-o-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-e-ti-o-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-e-ti-o-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "pretium"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: pretium",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: pretium (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-éy",
            "pos": "dative"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-éy (dative)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-éy (dative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-ana-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Proto-Luwic: *prī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xlu",
            "2": "𒉺𒊑𒄿",
            "ts": "pri"
          },
          "expansion": "Luwian: 𒉺𒊑𒄿 (/⁠pri⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luwian: 𒉺𒊑𒄿 (/⁠pri⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-ola",
            "2": "prī"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Latin: prī",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Latin: prī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*prei"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *prei\nLatvian: prie-, pie-, pie\nLithuanian: priẽ, príe-\nOld Prussian: prei\nProto-Slavic: *pri (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *prei\nLatvian: prie-, pie-, pie\nLithuanian: priẽ, príe-\nOld Prussian: prei\nProto-Slavic: *pri (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-ey-wo-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-ey-wo-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-ey-wo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "prīvus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: prīvus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: prīvus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-is"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-is",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-is"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*ɸrīs"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrīs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrīs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "ris"
          },
          "expansion": "Gaulish: ris",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: ris"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "ré"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: ré",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: ré"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "roimh"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: roimh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: roimh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "ro"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: ro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: ro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-is-ḱo-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-is-ḱo-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-is-ḱo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "prīscus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: prīscus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: prīscus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-is-m̥mos"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-is-m̥mos",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-is-m̥mos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*priisemos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsemos\nLatin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsemos\nLatin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-is-tn̥-o-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-is-tn̥-o-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*ten-"
          },
          "expansion": "*ten-",
          "name": "m"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-is-tn̥-o- (with *ten-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "prīstinus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: prīstinus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: prīstinus (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-n-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-n-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-n-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρίν",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρίν (prín), πρείν (preín)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πρίν (prín), πρείν (preín) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-is-to-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-is-to-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-is-to-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*furistaz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furistaz",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *furistaz (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-yōs"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-yōs",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-yōs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*priōs"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *priōs\nLatin: prior (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *priōs\nLatin: prior (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*pró",
            "3": "*pr-ó"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-ó",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-óH",
            "pos": "allative"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-óH (allative)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-ó, *pr-óH (allative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥H-e/o-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥H-e/o-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥H-e/o-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*pər-parə-a"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *pər-parə-a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *pər-parə-a"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "përpara"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: përpara",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: përpara"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "para"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: para",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: para"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "առ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pŕ̥-to-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pŕ̥-to-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pŕ̥-to-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*furþą"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furþą",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *furþą (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥-tero-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥-tero-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥-tero-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*furþeraz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furþeraz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *furþeraz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*furþar"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *furþar",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *furþar (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-u-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-u-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-u-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρυμνός"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*frumô"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pratʰamás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰamás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰamás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-toc-pro",
            "2": "*pre"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pre"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "before, in front"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:before",
      "links": [
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ],
        [
          "front",
          "front"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:before"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European ordinal numbers",
          "parents": [
            "Ordinal numbers",
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-p5N7ZLjK",
      "links": [
        [
          "first",
          "first"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Vladimir Orel"
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pér-ye-ti",
            "pos": "ye-present"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-ye-ti (ye-present)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*péřřō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *péřřō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *péřřō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πείρω",
            "t": "to pierce"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti",
            "pos": ""
          },
          "expansion": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "περάω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-éye-ti",
            "pos": "causative"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-éye-ti (causative)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-éye-ti (causative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*pariti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pariti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *pariti (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*pьrati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьrati",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "? Proto-Slavic: *pьrati (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*farjaną",
            "t": "to carry, to ferry"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*farjǭ",
            "3": "",
            "4": "ferry"
          },
          "expansion": "*farjǭ (“ferry”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”), *farjǭ (“ferry”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fōrijaną",
            "t": "to lead"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*faraną"
          },
          "expansion": "*faraną",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”) (formed from primary *faraną) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pāráyati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*pāráyati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pāráyati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pāráyati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "पारयति",
            "t": "to make cross",
            "tr": "pāráyati"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: पारयति (pāráyati, “to make cross”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: पारयति (pāráyati, “to make cross”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-ti",
            "pos": "o-grade root present"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-ti (o-grade root present)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-ti (o-grade root present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*faraną"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *faraną",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *faraną (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "ἔπορον"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔπορον (époron)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: ἔπορον (époron)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-toc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "txb",
            "2": "pere"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian B: pere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian B: pere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pí-por-ti",
            "pos": "o-grade reduplicated present"
          },
          "expansion": "*pí-por-ti (o-grade reduplicated present)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pí-por-ti (o-grade reduplicated present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*píparti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píparti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píparti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*píparti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píparti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píparti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "पिपर्ति",
            "t": "to bring across",
            "tr": "píparti"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti, “to bring across”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti, “to bring across”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*portāō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portāō\nLatin: portō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *portāō\nLatin: portō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*prā́ťťō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prā́ťťō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prā́ťťō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρᾱ́σσω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*pértus",
            "3": "*pér-tu-s",
            "4": "crossing"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-tu-s (“crossing”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-tu-s (“crossing”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*pérwr̥",
            "3": "*pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-dʰmo-"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-dʰmo-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-dʰmo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πορθμός"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pōr-i-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*pōr-i-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pōr-i-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fōriz",
            "t": "passable"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pór-mo-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*pór-mo-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pór-mo-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*parmas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *parmas",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *parmas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*pormъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pormъ",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *pormъ (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*farmaz",
            "t": "load, fare"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farmaz (“load, fare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *farmaz (“load, fare”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-os"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-os",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-os"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*ɸoros"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸoros",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸoros (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πόρος"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρος (póros)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πόρος (póros)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πορεύω",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορεύω (poreúō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορεύω (poreúō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πορίζω",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορίζω (porízō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορίζω (porízō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pārás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pārás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pārás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*pārás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pārás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pārás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "पार",
            "t": "crossing",
            "tr": "pārá"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: पार (pārá, “crossing”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: पार (pārá, “crossing”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-teh₂"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-teh₂",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-teh₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*portā"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portā\nLatin: porta (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌌 (púrtam, “gate, door”, acc.sg.)\nUmbrian: [script needed] (pertome)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *portā\nLatin: porta (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌌 (púrtam, “gate, door”, acc.sg.)\nUmbrian: [script needed] (pertome)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-ti-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-ti-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-ti-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fardiz",
            "t": "journey"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*p(e)rē-(n-)"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "prura",
            "t": "bring (along), lead (up/forward)"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*priś"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *priś",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *priś"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "prish"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: prish",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: prish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "paramà",
            "g": "f",
            "pos": "noun",
            "t": "support, help"
          },
          "expansion": "Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 53 22 25 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 74 13 13 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to go through"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:go_forth",
      "links": [
        [
          "go",
          "go"
        ],
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:go forth"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to carry forth, fare"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-LVic7ohY",
      "links": [
        [
          "carry",
          "carry"
        ],
        [
          "forth",
          "forth"
        ],
        [
          "fare",
          "fare"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-ih₂"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-ih₂",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-ih₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*peřřa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *peřřa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *peřřa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πεῖρα"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πεῖρα (peîra)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πεῖρα (peîra)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-ih₂-ye-"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-ih₂-ye-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-ih₂-ye-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "comperiō",
            "alt": "(com)periō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: (com)periō",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "experior",
            "3": "(ex)perior"
          },
          "expansion": "(ex)perior",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "opperior",
            "3": "(op)perior"
          },
          "expansion": "(op)perior",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: (com)periō, (ex)perior, (op)perior"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-ih₂-to-"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-ih₂-to-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-ih₂-to-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "perītus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: perītus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: perītus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-ih₂-tlom"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-ih₂-tlom",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-ih₂-tlom"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*perītlom"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *perītlom\nLatin: perīculum (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *perītlom\nLatin: perīculum (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-h₃-"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-h₃-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-h₃-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fērō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fērō",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fērą",
            "3": "",
            "4": "danger"
          },
          "expansion": "*fērą (“danger”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *fērō, *fērą (“danger”) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to try, dare, risk"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:try",
      "links": [
        [
          "try",
          "try"
        ],
        [
          "dare",
          "dare"
        ],
        [
          "risk",
          "risk"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:try"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "περάω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-neh₂"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-neh₂",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-neh₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*pórnē"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pórnē",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pórnē"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πόρνη"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρνη (pórnē)\nGreek: πόρνη f (pórni, “prostitute”)\n⇒ Old Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)\nArmenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πόρνη (pórnē)\nGreek: πόρνη f (pórni, “prostitute”)\n⇒ Old Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)\nArmenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρνημι"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρνημι (pérnēmi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πέρνημι (pérnēmi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πιπράσκω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πιπράσκω (pipráskō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πιπράσκω (pipráskō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "pars"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: pars",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: pars (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "portiō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: portiō",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: portiō (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "pār"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: pār",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "? Latin: pār (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to sell"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:sell",
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:sell"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "пере-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: пере- (pere-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: пере- (pere-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "пере-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: пере- (pere-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: пере- (pere-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "пера-"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: пера- (pjera-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: пера- (pjera-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "пере-"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: пере- (pere-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: пере- (pere-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "пере-"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: пере- (pere-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: пере- (pere-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "пре-",
            "3": "прѣ-",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: пре- (pre-), прѣ- (prě-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: пре- (pre-), прѣ- (prě-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱂⱃⰵ-",
            "3": "ⱂⱃⱑ-",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰵ- (pre-), ⱂⱃⱑ- (prě-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰵ- (pre-), ⱂⱃⱑ- (prě-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "пре-"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: пре- (pre-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: пре- (pre-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "пре-"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: пре- (pre-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: пре- (pre-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "пре-",
            "3": "прије-",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: пре-, прије-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: пре-, прије-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "pre-",
            "3": "prije-",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: pre-, prije-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: pre-, prije-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "pre-"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: pre-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: pre-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "pře-"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: pře-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: pře-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "prze-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: prze-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*pro",
            "3": "*pro-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pro-",
          "name": "m"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: prze- (partially from *pro-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "prze-"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: prze-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: prze-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "pre-"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: pre-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: pre-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "pśe-"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pśe-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: pśe-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "pře-"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pře-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: pře-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Non-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "prea-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: prea-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: prea-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*per"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *per",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "*per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/per-",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "per"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "over-"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--sla-pro-prefix-zlE3bgEg",
      "links": [
        [
          "over-",
          "over-"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "re-"
      ],
      "id": "en-per--sla-pro-prefix-3fQno6NV",
      "links": [
        [
          "re-",
          "re-"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ast",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ast",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Asturian",
  "lang_code": "ast",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ísimu"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Asturian lemmas",
        "Asturian prefixes",
        "Asturian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "very beautiful",
          "text": "perguapu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "very white",
          "text": "perblancu",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "very well",
          "text": "perbién",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "very far",
          "text": "perlloñe",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to make superlatives of adjectives and adverbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin per and per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "extremely",
      "word": "pellucid"
    },
    {
      "sense": "extremely",
      "word": "perfervid"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "perforate",
          "perforate"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thoroughly",
          "thoroughly"
        ],
        [
          "perfect",
          "perfect"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "pervert",
          "pervert"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "extremely",
          "extremely"
        ],
        [
          "perfervid",
          "perfervid"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "proportion",
          "proportion"
        ],
        [
          "element",
          "element"
        ],
        [
          "compound",
          "compound"
        ],
        [
          "peroxide",
          "peroxide"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "through",
      "word": "trans-"
    },
    {
      "sense": "through",
      "word": "para-"
    },
    {
      "sense": "through",
      "word": "dia-"
    },
    {
      "sense": "thoroughly",
      "word": "para-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French per",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "par"
      },
      "expansion": "par",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ],
        [
          "perchance",
          "perchance"
        ],
        [
          "perhaps",
          "perhaps"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eo",
        "2": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Back-formation from per",
      "name": "back-formation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Back-formation from per.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "eo",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "per"
  ],
  "lang": "Esperanto",
  "lang_code": "eo",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Esperanto entries with incorrect language header",
        "Esperanto lemmas",
        "Esperanto prefixes",
        "Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + labori (“to work”) → perlabori (“to earn”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "per- + ludi (“to play”) → perludi (“to win”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "per- + flati (“to flatter”) → perflati (“to coax”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denotes that the action expressed by the root becomes a means to attain a goal"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[per]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "French 1-syllable words",
        "French entries with incorrect language header",
        "French lemmas",
        "French prefixes",
        "French terms with IPA pronunciation"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per-"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "per-",
          "per-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɛʁ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per",
        "4": "",
        "5": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per (“through”)",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin per (“through”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hu",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "per"
  ],
  "lang": "Hungarian",
  "lang_code": "hu",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Hungarian lemmas",
        "Hungarian prefixes",
        "Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛr",
        "hu:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per-"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "per-",
          "per-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) per-"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈpɛr]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛr"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Indonesian lemmas",
    "Indonesian prefixes",
    "Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "per- -an"
    },
    {
      "word": "per- -kan"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay per-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*paʀ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tl",
        "2": "pag-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tagalog pag-",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay per-, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *paʀ. Cognate with Tagalog pag-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "prefix",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "pêr"
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + buat (“to do [something]”) → perbuat (“do [something]”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of a transitive verb"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "causative",
          "causative#English"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "imperative",
          "imperative#English"
        ],
        [
          "mood",
          "mood#English"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#English"
        ],
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + besar (“big”) → perbesar (“make bigger something big”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "causative voice imperative mood intransitive verb prefix of an adjective"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "causative",
          "causative#English"
        ],
        [
          "voice",
          "voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "imperative",
          "imperative#English"
        ],
        [
          "mood",
          "mood#English"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#English"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + istri (“wife”) → peristri (“take as wife, marry”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]",
        "imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "imperative",
          "imperative#English"
        ],
        [
          "mood",
          "mood#English"
        ],
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive#English"
        ],
        [
          "verb",
          "verb#English"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "imperative mood transitive verb of a noun: treat the object as [base], take the object as [base]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + ajar (“to teach”) → pelajar (“learner”)",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "per- + kerja (“to work”) → pekerja (“worker”)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "nominal patient used to form nouns from verbs conjugated with ber-"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ber-",
          "ber-#Indonesian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "per- + dua (“two”) → perdua",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "denominator of a fraction"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[pər-]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin prefixes"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "*peri-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *peri-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "3": "",
        "4": "through"
      },
      "expansion": "per (“through”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *peri-. Related to per (“through”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-ior"
    },
    {
      "word": "-issimus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "magnus (“great, large”) → permagnus (“very great, very large”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "multī (“many”) → permultī (“very many”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to make adjectives or verbs that are \"very\" something."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbs that are intensive or completive, conveying the idea of doing something all the way through or entirely."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "id",
            "2": "per-",
            "3": ";",
            "4": "per"
          },
          "expansion": "Indonesian: per-; per",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Indonesian: per-; per"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "map-pro",
        "3": "*paR-",
        "t": "divide into x (x = numeral)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *paR- (“divide into x (x = numeral)”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "⁧ڤر⁩",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "j": "ڤر"
      },
      "expansion": "per- (Jawi spelling ⁧ڤر⁩)",
      "name": "ms-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Malay terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Match (game)",
          "text": "Perlawanan",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "abstraction, place, goal, result"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "abstraction",
          "abstraction"
        ],
        [
          "place",
          "place"
        ],
        [
          "goal",
          "goal"
        ],
        [
          "result",
          "result"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Malay terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "One divided by two",
          "text": "Satu perdua",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "divided by X numeral"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "divide",
          "divide"
        ],
        [
          "X",
          "x"
        ],
        [
          "numeral",
          "numeral"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Malay terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "40 km per hour",
          "text": "40 km per jam",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "each, per"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "each",
          "each"
        ],
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "tiap-tiap"
        },
        {
          "word": "se-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pər/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ər"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European roots"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pér-i",
            "pos": "locative"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-i (locative)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-i (locative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*per(i)"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *per(i)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *per(i)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "për"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: për",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: për"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "հեռ-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: հեռ- (heṙ-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: հեռ- (heṙ-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*per"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *per",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *per"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "per"
          },
          "expansion": "Lithuanian: per",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "per-"
          },
          "expansion": "per-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "par-"
          },
          "expansion": "par-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lithuanian: per, per-, par-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "par"
          },
          "expansion": "Latvian: par",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "par-"
          },
          "expansion": "par-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latvian: par, par-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prg",
            "2": "per"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Prussian: per",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Prussian: per"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*per"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *per",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*per-"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *per, *per- (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*firi-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *firi-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *firi- (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "περί"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: περί (perí)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρ"
          },
          "expansion": "πέρ (pér)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: περί (perí), πέρ (pér) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pári",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pári"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*pári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pári",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pári"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "परि",
            "tr": "pári"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: परि (pári)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: परि (pári) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*pári"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pári",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *pári"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: ⁧𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌⁩ (paⁱri)\n→ Persian: ⁧پیراـ⁩ (pirâ-, “peri-”, prefix)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: ⁧𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌⁩ (paⁱri)\n→ Persian: ⁧پیراـ⁩ (pirâ-, “peri-”, prefix)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "per"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: per",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: per (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-nóy"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-nóy",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-nóy"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*ferrai"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *ferrai",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *ferrai (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pér-o-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-o-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-o-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-ana-pro",
            "2": "",
            "alt": "*péro-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *péro-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Anatolian: *péro-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hit",
            "2": "𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭",
            "tr": "pēran"
          },
          "expansion": "Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hit",
            "2": "𒁉𒊏𒀭",
            "tr": "peran"
          },
          "expansion": "𒁉𒊏𒀭 (peran)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hittite: 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran), 𒁉𒊏𒀭 (peran)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρᾱ"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρᾱ (pérā)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρᾱν"
          },
          "expansion": "πέρᾱν (pérān)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πέρᾱ (pérā), πέρᾱν (pérān) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pára"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pára",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pára"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*pára"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pára",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pára"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "पर",
            "tr": "pára"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: पर (pára)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: पर (pára) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*pára"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pára",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *pára"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "فرفر",
            "t": "in hurry",
            "tr": "farfar"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: ⁧فرفر⁩ (farfar, “in hurry”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "archaic"
          },
          "expansion": "(archaic)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "? Persian: ⁧فرفر⁩ (farfar, “in hurry”) (archaic)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "perperus",
            "alt": "(per)perus",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Latin: (per)perus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "perperam",
            "3": "(per)peram"
          },
          "expansion": "(per)peram",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Latin: (per)perus, (per)peram"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρπερος",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Ancient Greek: πέρπερος (pérperos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*péruti",
            "3": "*pér-uti",
            "4": "last year"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-uti (“last year”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*wet-",
            "3": "",
            "4": "year"
          },
          "expansion": "*wet- (“year”)",
          "name": "m"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ *pér-uti (“last year”) (with *wet- (“year”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-so-"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-so-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-so-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πόρσω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρσω (pórsō)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πόρρω"
          },
          "expansion": "πόρρω (pórrhō)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πόρσω (pórsō), πόρρω (pórrhō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "porrō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: porrō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: porrō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πάρ"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάρ (pár)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πάρ (pár)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*por-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *por-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *por-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "por-"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: por-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: por-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*preh₂-",
            "3": "*pr-eh₂-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-eh₂-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-eh₂-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-és"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-és",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-és"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρέσβυς",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πρέσβυς (présbus)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πρέσβυς (présbus)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-é-ti"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-é-ti",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-ó-ti",
            "t": "towards, against"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-ó-ti (“towards, against”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-é-ti, *pr-ó-ti (“towards, against”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*preti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *preti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *preti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "pret"
          },
          "expansion": "Latgalian: pret",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "pretim"
          },
          "expansion": "pretim",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "preteims"
          },
          "expansion": "preteims",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latgalian: pret, pretim, preteims"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "pret"
          },
          "expansion": "Latvian: pret",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lv",
            "2": "pretī"
          },
          "expansion": "pretī",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ltg",
            "2": "pretējs"
          },
          "expansion": "pretējs",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latvian: pret, pretī, pretējs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*proti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *proti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*protivъ"
          },
          "expansion": "*protivъ",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *proti, *protivъ"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "проти́в"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: проти́в (protív)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "проти"
          },
          "expansion": "проти (proti)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: проти́в (protív), проти (proti) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "proti"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: proti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: proti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "przeciw"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: przeciw",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: przeciw"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "против"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: против (protiv)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: против (protiv)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "про́тив"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: про́тив (prótiv)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: про́тив (prótiv)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "про̏тив",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: про̏тив",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: про̏тив"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "prȍtiv",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: prȍtiv",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: prȍtiv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "προτί"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: προτί (protí)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρός"
          },
          "expansion": "πρός (prós)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: προτί (protí), πρός (prós) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*práti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*práti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *práti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "प्रति",
            "tr": "práti"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: प्रति (práti)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: प्रति (práti) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*pati-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *pati-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *pati-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": "𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian: 𐎱𐎫𐎡𐏁 (p-t-i-š)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: ⁧𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌⁩ (paⁱti)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: ⁧𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌⁩ (paⁱti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-e-ti-o-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-e-ti-o-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-e-ti-o-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "pretium"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: pretium",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: pretium (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-éy",
            "pos": "dative"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-éy (dative)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-éy (dative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-ana-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Proto-Luwic: *prī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xlu",
            "2": "𒉺𒊑𒄿",
            "ts": "pri"
          },
          "expansion": "Luwian: 𒉺𒊑𒄿 (/⁠pri⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luwian: 𒉺𒊑𒄿 (/⁠pri⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-ola",
            "2": "prī"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Latin: prī",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Latin: prī"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*prei"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *prei\nLatvian: prie-, pie-, pie\nLithuanian: priẽ, príe-\nOld Prussian: prei\nProto-Slavic: *pri (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *prei\nLatvian: prie-, pie-, pie\nLithuanian: priẽ, príe-\nOld Prussian: prei\nProto-Slavic: *pri (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-ey-wo-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-ey-wo-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-ey-wo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "prīvus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: prīvus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: prīvus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-is"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-is",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-is"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*ɸrīs"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrīs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrīs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-gau",
            "2": "ris"
          },
          "expansion": "Gaulish: ris",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gaulish: ris"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "ré"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: ré",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: ré"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "roimh"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: roimh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: roimh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gd",
            "2": "ro"
          },
          "expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: ro",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scottish Gaelic: ro"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-is-ḱo-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-is-ḱo-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-is-ḱo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "prīscus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: prīscus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: prīscus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-is-m̥mos"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-is-m̥mos",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-is-m̥mos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*priisemos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsemos\nLatin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *priisemos, *prīsemos\nLatin: prīmus (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-is-tn̥-o-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-is-tn̥-o-",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*ten-"
          },
          "expansion": "*ten-",
          "name": "m"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-is-tn̥-o- (with *ten-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "prīstinus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: prīstinus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: prīstinus (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-n-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-n-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-n-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρίν",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρίν (prín), πρείν (preín)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πρίν (prín), πρείν (preín) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-is-to-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-is-to-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-is-to-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*furistaz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furistaz",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *furistaz (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-i-yōs"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-i-yōs",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-i-yōs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*priōs"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *priōs\nLatin: prior (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *priōs\nLatin: prior (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*pró",
            "3": "*pr-ó"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-ó",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-óH",
            "pos": "allative"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-óH (allative)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-ó, *pr-óH (allative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥H-e/o-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥H-e/o-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥H-e/o-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*pər-parə-a"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *pər-parə-a",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *pər-parə-a"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "përpara"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: përpara",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: përpara"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "para"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: para",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: para"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥s- ~ *pors-V́-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hyx-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "առ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: առ (aṙ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pŕ̥-to-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pŕ̥-to-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pŕ̥-to-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*furþą"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furþą",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *furþą (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥-tero-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥-tero-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥-tero-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*furþeraz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furþeraz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *furþeraz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*furþar"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *furþar",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *furþar (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr-u-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr-u-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr-u-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρυμνός"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πρυμνός (prumnós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*frumô"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pratʰamás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰamás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰamás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-toc-pro",
            "2": "*pre"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pre"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "before, in front"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "before",
          "before"
        ],
        [
          "front",
          "front"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:before"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Indo-European ordinal numbers"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "first"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "first",
          "first"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Vladimir Orel"
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European roots"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pér-ye-ti",
            "pos": "ye-present"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-ye-ti (ye-present)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-ye-ti (ye-present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*péřřō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *péřřō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *péřřō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πείρω",
            "t": "to pierce"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti",
            "pos": ""
          },
          "expansion": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "περάω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-éye-ti",
            "pos": "causative"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-éye-ti (causative)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-éye-ti (causative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*pariti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pariti",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *pariti (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*pьrati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьrati",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "? Proto-Slavic: *pьrati (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*farjaną",
            "t": "to carry, to ferry"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*farjǭ",
            "3": "",
            "4": "ferry"
          },
          "expansion": "*farjǭ (“ferry”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *farjaną (“to carry, to ferry”), *farjǭ (“ferry”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fōrijaną",
            "t": "to lead"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*faraną"
          },
          "expansion": "*faraną",
          "name": "m"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōrijaną (“to lead”) (formed from primary *faraną) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pāráyati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pāráyati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*pāráyati"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pāráyati",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pāráyati"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "पारयति",
            "t": "to make cross",
            "tr": "pāráyati"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: पारयति (pāráyati, “to make cross”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: पारयति (pāráyati, “to make cross”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-ti",
            "pos": "o-grade root present"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-ti (o-grade root present)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-ti (o-grade root present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*faraną"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *faraną",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *faraną (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "ἔπορον"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἔπορον (époron)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: ἔπορον (époron)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-toc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "txb",
            "2": "pere"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian B: pere",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian B: pere"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pí-por-ti",
            "pos": "o-grade reduplicated present"
          },
          "expansion": "*pí-por-ti (o-grade reduplicated present)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pí-por-ti (o-grade reduplicated present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*píparti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píparti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *píparti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*píparti"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píparti",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *píparti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "पिपर्ति",
            "t": "to bring across",
            "tr": "píparti"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti, “to bring across”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: पिपर्ति (píparti, “to bring across”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥-t-eh₂-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*portāō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portāō\nLatin: portō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *portāō\nLatin: portō (see there for further descendants)\nUmbrian: 𐌐𐌖𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌖 (purtatu), portatu, portaia, portust"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti"
          },
          "expansion": "*pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pr̥-h₂-k-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*prā́ťťō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prā́ťťō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prā́ťťō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πρᾱ́σσω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πρᾱ́σσω (prā́ssō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*pértus",
            "3": "*pér-tu-s",
            "4": "crossing"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-tu-s (“crossing”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-tu-s (“crossing”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "*pérwr̥",
            "3": "*pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pér-wr̥ ~ *pr̥-wén-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-dʰmo-"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-dʰmo-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-dʰmo-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πορθμός"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πορθμός (porthmós)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pōr-i-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*pōr-i-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pōr-i-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fōriz",
            "t": "passable"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *fōriz (“passable”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*pór-mo-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*pór-mo-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*pór-mo-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*parmas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *parmas",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *parmas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*pormъ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pormъ",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *pormъ (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*farmaz",
            "t": "load, fare"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *farmaz (“load, fare”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *farmaz (“load, fare”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-os"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-os",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-os"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*ɸoros"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸoros",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸoros (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πόρος"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρος (póros)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πόρος (póros)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πορεύω",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορεύω (poreúō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορεύω (poreúō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πορίζω",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορίζω (porízō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πορίζω (porízō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*pārás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pārás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pārás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*pārás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pārás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pārás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "पार",
            "t": "crossing",
            "tr": "pārá"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: पार (pārá, “crossing”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: पार (pārá, “crossing”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-teh₂"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-teh₂",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-teh₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*portā"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *portā\nLatin: porta (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌌 (púrtam, “gate, door”, acc.sg.)\nUmbrian: [script needed] (pertome)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *portā\nLatin: porta (see there for further descendants)\nOscan: 𐌐𐌞𐌓𐌕𐌀𐌌 (púrtam, “gate, door”, acc.sg.)\nUmbrian: [script needed] (pertome)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-ti-s"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-ti-s",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-ti-s"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fardiz",
            "t": "journey"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *fardiz (“journey”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*p(e)rē-(n-)"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *p(e)rē-(n-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "prura",
            "t": "bring (along), lead (up/forward)"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: prura (“bring (along), lead (up/forward)”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*priś"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *priś",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *priś"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sq",
            "2": "prish"
          },
          "expansion": "Albanian: prish",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Albanian: prish"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lt",
            "2": "paramà",
            "g": "f",
            "pos": "noun",
            "t": "support, help"
          },
          "expansion": "Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lithuanian: paramà f (“support, help”, noun)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to go through"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "go",
          "go"
        ],
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:go forth"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to carry forth, fare"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "carry",
          "carry"
        ],
        [
          "forth",
          "forth"
        ],
        [
          "fare",
          "fare"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European roots"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-ih₂"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-ih₂",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-ih₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*peřřa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *peřřa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *peřřa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πεῖρα"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πεῖρα (peîra)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πεῖρα (peîra)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-ih₂-ye-"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-ih₂-ye-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-ih₂-ye-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "comperiō",
            "alt": "(com)periō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: (com)periō",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "experior",
            "3": "(ex)perior"
          },
          "expansion": "(ex)perior",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "opperior",
            "3": "(op)perior"
          },
          "expansion": "(op)perior",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: (com)periō, (ex)perior, (op)perior"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-ih₂-to-"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-ih₂-to-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-ih₂-to-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "perītus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: perītus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: perītus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-ih₂-tlom"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-ih₂-tlom",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-ih₂-tlom"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*perītlom"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *perītlom\nLatin: perīculum (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *perītlom\nLatin: perīculum (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-h₃-"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-h₃-",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-h₃-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fērō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fērō",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*fērą",
            "3": "",
            "4": "danger"
          },
          "expansion": "*fērą (“danger”)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *fērō, *fērą (“danger”) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to try, dare, risk"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "try",
          "try"
        ],
        [
          "dare",
          "dare"
        ],
        [
          "risk",
          "risk"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:try"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European roots"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
          },
          "expansion": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*per-eh₂-yé-ti"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "περάω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: περάω (peráō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "tags": [
        "derived"
      ],
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-pro",
            "2": "",
            "3": "*por-neh₂"
          },
          "expansion": "*por-neh₂",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "*por-neh₂"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*pórnē"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pórnē",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pórnē"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πόρνη"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόρνη (pórnē)\nGreek: πόρνη f (pórni, “prostitute”)\n⇒ Old Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)\nArmenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πόρνη (pórnē)\nGreek: πόρνη f (pórni, “prostitute”)\n⇒ Old Armenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)\nArmenian: պոռնիկ (poṙnik)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πέρνημι"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέρνημι (pérnēmi)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πέρνημι (pérnēmi)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "πιπράσκω"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: πιπράσκω (pipráskō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: πιπράσκω (pipráskō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "pars"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: pars",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: pars (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "portiō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: portiō",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: portiō (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "pār"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: pār",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "? Latin: pār (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to sell"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sell",
          "sell"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "ine-pro:sell"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
    "Proto-Slavic prefixes"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "пере-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: пере- (pere-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: пере- (pere-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "пере-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: пере- (pere-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: пере- (pere-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "пера-"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: пера- (pjera-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: пера- (pjera-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "пере-"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: пере- (pere-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: пере- (pere-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "пере-"
          },
          "expansion": "Russian: пере- (pere-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Russian: пере- (pere-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "пре-",
            "3": "прѣ-",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: пре- (pre-), прѣ- (prě-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: пре- (pre-), прѣ- (prě-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱂⱃⰵ-",
            "3": "ⱂⱃⱑ-",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰵ- (pre-), ⱂⱃⱑ- (prě-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱂⱃⰵ- (pre-), ⱂⱃⱑ- (prě-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bg",
            "2": "пре-"
          },
          "expansion": "Bulgarian: пре- (pre-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bulgarian: пре- (pre-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mk",
            "2": "пре-"
          },
          "expansion": "Macedonian: пре- (pre-)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Macedonian: пре- (pre-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "пре-",
            "3": "прије-",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Cyrillic script: пре-, прије-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Cyrillic script: пре-, прије-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sh",
            "2": "pre-",
            "3": "prije-",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin script: pre-, prije-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin script: pre-, prije-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sl",
            "2": "pre-"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovene: pre-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovene: pre-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "pře-"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: pře-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: pře-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "prze-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: prze-",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*pro",
            "3": "*pro-"
          },
          "expansion": "*pro-",
          "name": "m"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: prze- (partially from *pro-)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "prze-"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: prze-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: prze-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sk",
            "2": "pre-"
          },
          "expansion": "Slovak: pre-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Slovak: pre-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Sorbian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dsb",
            "2": "pśe-"
          },
          "expansion": "Lower Sorbian: pśe-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Lower Sorbian: pśe-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hsb",
            "2": "pře-"
          },
          "expansion": "Upper Sorbian: pře-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Upper Sorbian: pře-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Non-Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ro",
            "2": "prea-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Romanian: prea-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Romanian: prea-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "3": "*per"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *per",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *per, from Proto-Indo-European *per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "*per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/per-",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "per"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "over-"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "over-",
          "over-"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "re-"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "re-",
          "re-"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "prefix"
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Spanish",
  "lang_code": "es",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Spanish lemmas",
        "Spanish prefixes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "per-"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "per-",
          "per-#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.