"per-" meaning in English

See per- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Prefix

Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-per-.wav
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin per and per-. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|la|per}} Latin per Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} per-, {{en-prefix}} per-
  1. (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "through", as in perforate. Tags: morpheme Synonyms (through): trans-, para-, dia-
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-en:through Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 15 14 13 12 16 16 13 Disambiguation of 'through': 100 0 0 0 0 0
  2. (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "thoroughly", as in perfect. Tags: morpheme Synonyms (thoroughly): para-
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-en:wholly Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 15 14 13 12 16 16 13 Disambiguation of 'thoroughly': 0 100 0 0 0 0
  3. (non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense "to destruction", as in pervert. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-en:destruction Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 15 14 13 12 16 16 13
  4. (non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense "extremely", as in perfervid. Tags: morpheme Related terms (extremely): pellucid, perfervid
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-en:intensifying Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 15 14 13 12 16 16 13 Disambiguation of 'extremely': 0 0 0 100 0 0
  5. (chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide. Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Chemistry
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-en:maximum Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 15 14 13 12 16 16 13 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
  6. (chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four). Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Chemistry
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-en:four Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 9 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 15 14 13 12 16 16 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 9 entries: 9 9 9 8 9 13 9 2 2 1 7 0 3 13 3 2 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 9 9 9 8 9 12 9 1 1 1 6 0 2 14 2 1 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 Topics: chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Prefix

Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-per-.wav
Etymology: Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par). Etymology templates: {{der|en|fro|per}} Old French per Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} per-, {{en-prefix}} per-
  1. (non-productive) Denoting the sense "by" or "per", as in perchance or perhaps. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-per--en-prefix-en:by Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 15 14 13 12 16 16 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin per and per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 14 13 12 16 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-en:through",
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "perforate",
          "perforate"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:through"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0",
          "sense": "through",
          "word": "trans-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0",
          "sense": "through",
          "word": "para-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0 0",
          "sense": "through",
          "word": "dia-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 14 13 12 16 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-en:wholly",
      "links": [
        [
          "thoroughly",
          "thoroughly"
        ],
        [
          "perfect",
          "perfect"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:wholly"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0 0",
          "sense": "thoroughly",
          "word": "para-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 14 13 12 16 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-en:destruction",
      "links": [
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "pervert",
          "pervert"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:destruction"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 14 13 12 16 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-en:intensifying",
      "links": [
        [
          "extremely",
          "extremely"
        ],
        [
          "perfervid",
          "perfervid"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0 0",
          "sense": "extremely",
          "word": "pellucid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 100 0 0",
          "sense": "extremely",
          "word": "perfervid"
        }
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:intensifying"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 14 13 12 16 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-en:maximum",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "proportion",
          "proportion"
        ],
        [
          "element",
          "element"
        ],
        [
          "compound",
          "compound"
        ],
        [
          "peroxide",
          "peroxide"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:maximum"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "15 14 13 12 16 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 9 8 9 13 9 2 2 1 7 0 3 13 3 2 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 9 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 9 8 9 12 9 1 1 1 6 0 2 14 2 1 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-en:four",
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:four"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-per-.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French per",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "15 14 13 12 16 16 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
      ],
      "id": "en-per--en-prefix-en:by",
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ],
        [
          "perchance",
          "perchance"
        ],
        [
          "perhaps",
          "perhaps"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:by"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-per-.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English prefixes",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English unproductive prefixes",
    "Pages with 9 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin per",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin per and per-.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "extremely",
      "word": "pellucid"
    },
    {
      "sense": "extremely",
      "word": "perfervid"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "through",
          "through"
        ],
        [
          "perforate",
          "perforate"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"through\", as in perforate."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:through"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "thoroughly",
          "thoroughly"
        ],
        [
          "perfect",
          "perfect"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"thoroughly\", as in perfect."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:wholly"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "destruction",
          "destruction"
        ],
        [
          "pervert",
          "pervert"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In verbs: denoting the sense \"to destruction\", as in pervert."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:destruction"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "extremely",
          "extremely"
        ],
        [
          "perfervid",
          "perfervid"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense \"extremely\", as in perfervid."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:intensifying"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "proportion",
          "proportion"
        ],
        [
          "element",
          "element"
        ],
        [
          "compound",
          "compound"
        ],
        [
          "peroxide",
          "peroxide"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:maximum"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chemistry) Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion to denote the number of atoms of that element (usually four)."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:four"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-per-.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "through",
      "word": "trans-"
    },
    {
      "sense": "through",
      "word": "para-"
    },
    {
      "sense": "through",
      "word": "dia-"
    },
    {
      "sense": "thoroughly",
      "word": "para-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English prefixes",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English unproductive prefixes",
    "Pages with 9 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "per"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French per",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French per (modern French par).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "per-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "by",
          "by"
        ],
        [
          "per",
          "per"
        ],
        [
          "perchance",
          "perchance"
        ],
        [
          "perhaps",
          "perhaps"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) Denoting the sense \"by\" or \"per\", as in perchance or perhaps."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:by"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-per-.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/54/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-per-.wav.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "per-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for per- meaning in English (5.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.