See per- -an on Wiktionary
{
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{
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"etymology_text": "From Malay per- -an, from Classical Malay per- -an, from Proto-Austronesian [Term?].",
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"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "circumfix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
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"text": "budak (“slave”) → perbudakan (“slavehood”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "saudara (“sibling”) → persaudaraan (“brotherhood”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-hood; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a group sharing a specified condition or state."
],
"id": "en-per-_-an-id-circumfix-xC9CSBGI",
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"-hood",
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"group",
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"tags": [
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "teman (“friend”) → pertemanan (“friendship”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union."
],
"id": "en-per-_-an-id-circumfix-AvPBQIK0",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 19 38 4 12 5 3 6",
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{
"_dis": "10 21 34 1 9 23 1 1",
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{
"_dis": "10 20 30 3 9 24 1 4",
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{
"_dis": "10 21 33 1 8 26 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "buruh (“worker”) → perburuhan (“labour”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kebun (“garden”) → perkebunan (“horticulture”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rumah (“house”) → perumahan (“housing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sekutu (“ally”) → persekutuan (“alliance”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "undang-undang (“law”) → perundang-undangan (“legislation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having to do with [base], affairs dealing with"
],
"id": "en-per-_-an-id-circumfix-wo-E~fLC",
"raw_glosses": [
"having to do with [base], affairs dealing with [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "air (“water”) → perairan (“area of water”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "alat (“tool”) → peralatan (“equipment”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bukit (“hill”) → perbukitan (“hill tract”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "buruh (“worker”) → perburuhan (“workforce”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hotel (“hotel”) → perhotelan (“hotel”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kebun (“garden”) → perkebunan (“plantation”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "muka (“surface”, literally “face”) → permukaan (“surface”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rumah (“house”) → perumahan (“housing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a collection of"
],
"id": "en-per-_-an-id-circumfix-MBIgYOoq",
"raw_glosses": [
"a collection of [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ajar (“to teach”) → pelajaran (“lesson”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gerak (“to move”) → pergerakan (“movement”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kerja (“to work”) → pekerjaan (“work”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the process or result of the action referred to by the verb"
],
"id": "en-per-_-an-id-circumfix-3xRfAdMU",
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"the process or result of the action referred to by the verb [base]"
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"morpheme"
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "atur (“to regulate”) → peraturan (“regulation”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "coba (“to try”) → percobaan (“attempt, experiment”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ingat (“to remember”) → peringatan (“warning”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tolong (“to help”) → pertolongan (“help, assistance”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the act of doing what the verb"
],
"id": "en-per-_-an-id-circumfix-2qZcrmM3",
"raw_glosses": [
"the act of doing what the verb [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cetak (“to print”) → percetakan (“printing press”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "judi (“to gamble”) → perjudian (“gambling den”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the place or location where the action of the verb"
],
"id": "en-per-_-an-id-circumfix-EE8LjJep",
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"the place or location where the action of the verb [base]"
],
"tags": [
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},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tiga (“three”) → pertigaan (“three-way intersection”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "empat (“four”) → perempatan (“crossroad”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lima (“five”) → perlimaan (“five-way intersection”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"road intersection"
],
"id": "en-per-_-an-id-circumfix-XdAMG~~z",
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) road intersection"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/pər an/"
}
],
"word": "per- -an"
}
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"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
"1": "id",
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"3": "per- -an"
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"expansion": "Classical Malay per- -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "map-pro",
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},
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],
"etymology_text": "From Malay per- -an, from Classical Malay per- -an, from Proto-Austronesian [Term?].",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "circumfix"
},
"expansion": "per- -an",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "circumfix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "budak (“slave”) → perbudakan (“slavehood”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "saudara (“sibling”) → persaudaraan (“brotherhood”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-hood; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a group sharing a specified condition or state."
],
"links": [
[
"-hood",
"-hood"
],
[
"group",
"group#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "teman (“friend”) → pertemanan (“friendship”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union."
],
"links": [
[
"-ship",
"-ship"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "buruh (“worker”) → perburuhan (“labour”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kebun (“garden”) → perkebunan (“horticulture”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rumah (“house”) → perumahan (“housing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sekutu (“ally”) → persekutuan (“alliance”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "undang-undang (“law”) → perundang-undangan (“legislation”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having to do with [base], affairs dealing with"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"having to do with [base], affairs dealing with [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "air (“water”) → perairan (“area of water”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "alat (“tool”) → peralatan (“equipment”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "bukit (“hill”) → perbukitan (“hill tract”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "buruh (“worker”) → perburuhan (“workforce”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hotel (“hotel”) → perhotelan (“hotel”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kebun (“garden”) → perkebunan (“plantation”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "muka (“surface”, literally “face”) → permukaan (“surface”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rumah (“house”) → perumahan (“housing”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a collection of"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a collection of [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ajar (“to teach”) → pelajaran (“lesson”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gerak (“to move”) → pergerakan (“movement”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kerja (“to work”) → pekerjaan (“work”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the process or result of the action referred to by the verb"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the process or result of the action referred to by the verb [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "atur (“to regulate”) → peraturan (“regulation”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "coba (“to try”) → percobaan (“attempt, experiment”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "ingat (“to remember”) → peringatan (“warning”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tolong (“to help”) → pertolongan (“help, assistance”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the act of doing what the verb"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the act of doing what the verb [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cetak (“to print”) → percetakan (“printing press”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "judi (“to gamble”) → perjudian (“gambling den”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the place or location where the action of the verb"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the place or location where the action of the verb [base]"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "tiga (“three”) → pertigaan (“three-way intersection”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "empat (“four”) → perempatan (“crossroad”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "lima (“five”) → perlimaan (“five-way intersection”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"road intersection"
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) road intersection"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pər an/"
}
],
"word": "per- -an"
}
Download raw JSONL data for per- -an meaning in All languages combined (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.