See pel- on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pel- meaning in All languages combined (38.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-ḗn ~ *pl̥-nés"
},
"expansion": "*pel-ḗn ~ *pl̥-nés",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-ḗn ~ *pl̥-nés"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-ēn-(y)éh₂"
},
"expansion": "*pl-ēn-(y)éh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-ēn-(y)éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plėni(a)",
"t": "membrane"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plėni(a) (“membrane”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plėni(a) (“membrane”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plēne"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plēne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plēne"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėnė̃"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plėnė̃",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėnìs"
},
"expansion": "plėnìs",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plėnė̃, plėnìs"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pleynis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: pleynis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: pleynis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plěnà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plěnà",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plěnà (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-en-(e)h₂ ~ *pl-én-(e)h₂"
},
"expansion": "*pél-en-(e)h₂ ~ *pl-én-(e)h₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pél-en-(e)h₂ ~ *pl-én-(e)h₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pelenà",
"alts": "1",
"t": "diaper"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pelenà (“diaper”), *pelna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pelenà (“diaper”), *pelna (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-nó-m"
},
"expansion": "*pel-nó-m",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-nó-m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fellą",
"t": "skin, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fellą (“skin, hide”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fellą (“skin, hide”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-n-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-n-eh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-n-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*palnā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *palnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *palnā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "palla",
"t": "a fine cloth",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: palla (“a fine cloth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: palla (“a fine cloth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-n-i-s"
},
"expansion": "*pel-n-i-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-n-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pelnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pelnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pelnis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pellis",
"t": "pelt, hide"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pellis (“pelt, hide”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pellis (“pelt, hide”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-mn̥"
},
"expansion": "*pél-mn̥",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pél-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pel-mo-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *pel-mo-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *pel-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*felma-",
"alt": "*felmaz",
"t": "covering, skin, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *felmaz (“covering, skin, hide”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *felmaz (“covering, skin, hide”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*felma-",
"alt": "*felmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *felmô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-mō"
},
"expansion": "*pél-mō",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< collective *pél-mō"
},
"expansion": "(< collective *pél-mō)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *felmô (< collective *pél-mō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pélmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pélmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pélmə"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλμᾰ",
"t": "sole (of the foot); stalk"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέλμᾰ (pélma, “sole (of the foot); stalk”)\nGreek: πέλμα (pélma)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέλμᾰ (pélma, “sole (of the foot); stalk”)\nGreek: πέλμα (pélma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-sḱo-s"
},
"expansion": "*pél-sḱo-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pél-sḱo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*plaska"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *plaska",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *plaska"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plah",
"pos": "denominative",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: plah (“to cover”, denominative)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: plah (“to cover”, denominative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-trom"
},
"expansion": "*pél-trom",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pél-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸletrom",
"t": "skin, hide; leather",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *ɸletrom (“skin, hide; leather”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with vowel metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(with vowel metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *ɸletrom (“skin, hide; leather”) (with vowel metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*lledr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *lledr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *lledr (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "lethar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: lethar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: lethar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leþrą",
"bor": "1",
"t": "leather",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Germanic: *leþrą (“leather”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Germanic: *leþrą (“leather”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "palà",
"t": "linen kerchief"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: palà (“linen kerchief”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: palà (“linen kerchief”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Extensions"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-k-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-k-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-k-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pelkis",
"t": "cloak"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: pelkis (“cloak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: pelkis (“cloak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*felhaną",
"t": "to hide, conceal; to bury; to adhere",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *felhaną (“to hide, conceal; to bury; to adhere”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *felhaną (“to hide, conceal; to bury; to adhere”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-t-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-t-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*polto-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *polto-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pol-to-"
},
"expansion": "*pol-to-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or substantivized from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pol-to-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or substantivized from *pol-to-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *polto- (or substantivized from *pol-to-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poltьno",
"der": "1",
"t": "linen"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *poltьno (“linen”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *poltьno (“linen”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλτη",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: πέλτη (péltē)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thracian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Thracian?"
},
"expansion": "(via Thracian?)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: πέλτη (péltē) (via Thracian?) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-ew-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-ew-",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pleh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*pleh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or a u-variant of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pleh₂-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(or a u-variant of *pleh₂-?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*pl-ew- (or a u-variant of *pleh₂-?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*plēw-eh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *plēw-eh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *plēw-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plēwāˀ",
"der": "1",
"t": "membrane",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plēwāˀ (“membrane”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plēwāˀ (“membrane”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėvė̃"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plėvė̃",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plėvė̃"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plěva"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plěva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plěva (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁epi-plow-yo-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *h₁epi-plow-yo-m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *h₁epi-plow-yo-m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*epiplóyyon",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *epiplóyyon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *epiplóyyon"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐπίπλοον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἐπίπλοον (epíploon)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἐπίπλοον (epíploon) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*pl-eh₂- or *pel-h₂-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *pl-eh₂- or *pel-h₂-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *pl-eh₂- or *pel-h₂-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*pleh₂-s-o-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *pleh₂-s-o-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pleh₂-s-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉺𒆷𒄴𒊭𒀸",
"t": "a garment",
"tr": "pa-la-aḫ-ša-aš",
"ts": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Hittite: 𒉺𒆷𒄴𒊭𒀸 (pa-la-aḫ-ša-aš, “a garment”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pleh₂-",
"t": "wide, broad, flat"
},
"expansion": "*pleh₂- (“wide, broad, flat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pleh₂-</i> (“wide, broad, flat”)"
},
"expansion": "(or from *pleh₂- (“wide, broad, flat”))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(TÚG)"
},
"expansion": "^((TÚG))",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"text": ">? Hittite: 𒉺𒆷𒄴𒊭𒀸 (pa-la-aḫ-ša-aš, “a garment”) (or from *pleh₂- (“wide, broad, flat”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*pélh₂-t-^?",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *pélh₂-t-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pélh₂-t-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "*πέλας",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: *πέλας (*pélas)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Pre-Greek"
},
"expansion": "(or from Pre-Greek)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: *πέλας (*pélas) (or from Pre-Greek)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρυσίπελας",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρυσίπελας (erusípelas)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁rewdʰ-ti-"
},
"expansion": "*h₁rewdʰ-ti-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₁rewdʰ-ti-</i>^?"
},
"expansion": "(+ *h₁rewdʰ-ti-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρυσίπελας (erusípelas) (+ *h₁rewdʰ-ti-) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to cover, to wrap"
],
"id": "en-pel--ine-pro-root-xH13AFlm",
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"skin, hide, cloth"
],
"id": "en-pel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:skin",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:skin"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pleḱ-"
},
"expansion": "*pleḱ-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pleḱ-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-okos"
},
"expansion": "*pl-okos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-okos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*frakah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *frakah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *frakah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"t": "-fold",
"ts": "-frag"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/-frag/, “-fold”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/-frag/, “-fold”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-𐫜𐫡𐫃",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: -𐫜𐫡𐫃 (-frg)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫅𐫇𐫜𐫡𐫃",
"sc": "Mani",
"t": "two-fold",
"ts": "dōfrag"
},
"expansion": "𐫅𐫇𐫜𐫡𐫃 (dwfrg /dōfrag/, “two-fold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: -𐫜𐫡𐫃 (-frg) (e.g. 𐫅𐫇𐫜𐫡𐫃 (dwfrg /dōfrag/, “two-fold”) )"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "پر",
"tr": "-pirr"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: پر (-pirr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: پر (-pirr)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-ira",
"2": "پر",
"tr": "-per(r)"
},
"expansion": "Iranian Persian: پر (-per(r))",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پل",
"t": "-fold",
"tr": "-pel"
},
"expansion": "پل (-pel, “-fold”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دوپر",
"t": "two-fold",
"tr": "dôper"
},
"expansion": "دوپر (dôper, “two-fold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Iranian Persian: پر (-per(r)), پل (-pel, “-fold”) (e.g. in Shushtari dialect دوپر (dôper, “two-fold”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-o-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-o-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-plós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-plós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-plós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -πλός (-plós)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁπλός"
},
"expansion": "ἁπλός (haplós)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "διπλός"
},
"expansion": "διπλός (diplós)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -πλός (-plós) (e.g. ἁπλός (haplós), διπλός (diplós))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-plos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-plos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-plos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-plus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -plus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "simplus"
},
"expansion": "simplus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "duplus"
},
"expansion": "duplus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -plus (e.g. simplus, duplus)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pé-pl-os",
"pos": "reduplicated thematic noun"
},
"expansion": "*pé-pl-os (reduplicated thematic noun)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pé-pl-os (reduplicated thematic noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*péplos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *péplos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *péplos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέπλος",
"t": "woven cloth, fabric, carpet",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: πέπλος (péplos, “woven cloth, fabric, carpet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: πέπλος (péplos, “woven cloth, fabric, carpet”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-t-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-t-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*falþaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *falþaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *falþaną"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-t-o-"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-t-o-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-t-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸaltom",
"t": "joint"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸaltom (“joint”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸaltom (“joint”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "alt"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: alt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: alt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "alt"
},
"expansion": "Irish: alt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: alt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "alt"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: alt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: alt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pl̥-h₂-t-yo-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *pl̥-h₂-t-yo-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pl̥-h₂-t-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλάσιος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -πλάσιος (-plásios)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλήσιος"
},
"expansion": "-πλήσιος (-plḗsios)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τριπλάσιος"
},
"expansion": "τριπλάσιος (triplásios)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -πλάσιος (-plásios), -πλήσιος (-plḗsios) (e.g. τριπλάσιος (triplásios))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*palā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *palā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *palā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "palë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: palë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: palë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλόος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -πλόος (-plóos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλοῦς"
},
"expansion": "-πλοῦς (-ploûs)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁπλόος"
},
"expansion": "ἁπλόος (haplóos)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁπλοῦς"
},
"expansion": "ἁπλοῦς (haploûs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "διπλόος"
},
"expansion": "διπλόος (diplóos)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "διπλοῦς"
},
"expansion": "διπλοῦς (diploûs)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -πλόος (-plóos), -πλοῦς (-ploûs) (e.g. ἁπλόος (haplóos), ἁπλοῦς (haploûs), διπλόος (diplóos), διπλοῦς (diploûs))"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fold"
],
"id": "en-pel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:fold",
"links": [
[
"fold",
"fold"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:fold"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-d-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-d-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-d-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-d"
},
"expansion": "*pel-d",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-d"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*felt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *felt",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *felt (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-em-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-em-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-em-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πελεμίζω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πελεμίζω (pelemízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πελεμίζω (pelemízō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pelh₂-",
"3": "*pel-h₂-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-h₂-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-h₂-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-eh₂-k-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-eh₂-k-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-eh₂-k-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-(e)h₂-k-ye-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl-(e)h₂-k-ye-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-(e)h₂-k-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plāťťō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plāťťō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plāťťō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλήσσω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλήσσω (plḗssō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλήσσω (plḗssō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-att",
"2": "πλήττω"
},
"expansion": "Attic Greek: πλήττω (plḗttō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Attic Greek: πλήττω (plḗttō)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πλήττω",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: πλήττω (plítto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: πλήττω (plítto)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plā́ˀktei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plā́ˀktei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plā́ˀktei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plakati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plakati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plakati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-eh₂-k-tro-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-eh₂-k-tro-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-eh₂-k-tro-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plā́ktrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ktrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ktrom"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλᾶκτρον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλᾶκτρον (plâktron)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλῆκτρον"
},
"expansion": "πλῆκτρον (plêktron)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλᾶκτρον (plâktron), πλῆκτρον (plêktron) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-eh₂-g-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-eh₂-g-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-eh₂-g-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pleh₂-g-e-ti",
"pos": "thematic present"
},
"expansion": "*pleh₂-g-e-ti (thematic present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pleh₂-g-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flōkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flōkaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flōkaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plāgō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plāgō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plāgō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plāgō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plāgō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plāgō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plāngō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plāngō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plāngō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plangō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plangō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plangō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl(e)h₂-g-ye-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl(e)h₂-g-ye-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl(e)h₂-g-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plā́ďďō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ďďō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ďďō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλάζω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλάζω (plázō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλάζω (plázō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl(e)h₂-g-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "*pl(e)h₂-g-éh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl(e)h₂-g-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*plāgā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *plāgā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *plāgā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plojë",
"t": "bloodshed, carnage"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: plojë (“bloodshed, carnage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: plojë (“bloodshed, carnage”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plāgā́",
"t": "slaughter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plāgā́ (“slaughter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plāgā́ (“slaughter”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλαγά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλαγά (plagá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληγή",
"3": "",
"4": "blow (of a weapon)"
},
"expansion": "πληγή (plēgḗ, “blow (of a weapon)”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλαγά (plagá), πληγή (plēgḗ, “blow (of a weapon)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plāgā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plāgā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plāgā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plāga",
"t": "blow; slaughter; plague, misfortune"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plāga (“blow; slaughter; plague, misfortune”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plāga (“blow; slaughter; plague, misfortune”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flekka-",
"alt": "*flekkaz",
"t": "mark, spot, blemish",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *flekkaz (“mark, spot, blemish”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *flekkaz (“mark, spot, blemish”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flekka-",
"alt": "*flekkô",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *flekkô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *flekkô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-eh₁-k-t-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-eh₁-k-t-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-eh₁-k-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-éh₁-k-t-e-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl-éh₁-k-t-e-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-éh₁-k-t-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plēktō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plēktō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plēktō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plēctō",
"id": "punish"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plēctō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plēctō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pol-ye-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pol-ye-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pol-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*poljō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *poljō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *poljō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "poliō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: poliō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: poliō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pol-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pol-eh₂-yé-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pol-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*polāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *polāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *polāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "interpolō",
"alt": "(inter)polō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: (inter)polō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: (inter)polō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-yé-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-yé-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pə́ľľō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pə́ľľō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pə́ľľō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάλλω (pállō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πάλλω (pállō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-né-ti ~ *pl̥-n-énti"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-né-ti ~ *pl̥-n-énti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-né-ti ~ *pl̥-n-énti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pelnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pelnō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pelnō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pellō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pellō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pellō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-tós"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-tós",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plətós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plətós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plətós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παλτός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: παλτός (paltós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: παλτός (paltós) (by analogy to πάλλω)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*poltos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *poltos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *poltos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pultō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: pultō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: pultō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόλεμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόλεμος (pólemos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόλεμος (pólemos) (perhaps)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to beat, push, drive"
],
"id": "en-pel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:drive",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:drive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάλη (pálē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πάλη (pálē)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόλτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόλτος (póltos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόλτος (póltos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "puls"
},
"expansion": "Latin: puls",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: puls"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pulvis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pulvis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pulvis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pollen"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pollen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pollen"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flour, dust"
],
"id": "en-pel--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:flour",
"links": [
[
"flour",
"flour"
],
[
"dust",
"dust"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:flour"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative reconstruction of *pelH- (“pale, gray”)"
],
"id": "en-pel--ine-pro-root-cPRG~1Hi",
"links": [
[
"*pelH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pelH-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix form"
},
"expansion": "pel-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "per-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of per-"
],
"id": "en-pel--id-prefix-SOHp8PMO",
"links": [
[
"per-",
"per-#Indonesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "prefix form"
},
"expansion": "pel-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "per-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian non-lemma forms",
"Indonesian prefix forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of per-"
],
"links": [
[
"per-",
"per-#Indonesian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-ḗn ~ *pl̥-nés"
},
"expansion": "*pel-ḗn ~ *pl̥-nés",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-ḗn ~ *pl̥-nés"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-ēn-(y)éh₂"
},
"expansion": "*pl-ēn-(y)éh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-ēn-(y)éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plėni(a)",
"t": "membrane"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plėni(a) (“membrane”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plėni(a) (“membrane”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plēne"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plēne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plēne"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėnė̃"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plėnė̃",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėnìs"
},
"expansion": "plėnìs",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plėnė̃, plėnìs"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pleynis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: pleynis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: pleynis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plěnà"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plěnà",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plěnà (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-en-(e)h₂ ~ *pl-én-(e)h₂"
},
"expansion": "*pél-en-(e)h₂ ~ *pl-én-(e)h₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pél-en-(e)h₂ ~ *pl-én-(e)h₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pelenà",
"alts": "1",
"t": "diaper"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pelenà (“diaper”), *pelna",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pelenà (“diaper”), *pelna (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-nó-m"
},
"expansion": "*pel-nó-m",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-nó-m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fellą",
"t": "skin, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fellą (“skin, hide”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fellą (“skin, hide”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-n-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-n-eh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-n-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*palnā",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Italic: *palnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Italic: *palnā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "palla",
"t": "a fine cloth",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Latin: palla (“a fine cloth”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Latin: palla (“a fine cloth”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-n-i-s"
},
"expansion": "*pel-n-i-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-n-i-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pelnis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pelnis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pelnis"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pellis",
"t": "pelt, hide"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pellis (“pelt, hide”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pellis (“pelt, hide”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-mn̥"
},
"expansion": "*pél-mn̥",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pél-mn̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pel-mo-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *pel-mo-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *pel-mo-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*felma-",
"alt": "*felmaz",
"t": "covering, skin, hide"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *felmaz (“covering, skin, hide”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *felmaz (“covering, skin, hide”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*felma-",
"alt": "*felmô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *felmô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-mō"
},
"expansion": "*pél-mō",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< collective *pél-mō"
},
"expansion": "(< collective *pél-mō)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *felmô (< collective *pél-mō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pélmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pélmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pélmə"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλμᾰ",
"t": "sole (of the foot); stalk"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πέλμᾰ (pélma, “sole (of the foot); stalk”)\nGreek: πέλμα (pélma)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πέλμᾰ (pélma, “sole (of the foot); stalk”)\nGreek: πέλμα (pélma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-sḱo-s"
},
"expansion": "*pél-sḱo-s",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pél-sḱo-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*plaska"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *plaska",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *plaska"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plah",
"pos": "denominative",
"t": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: plah (“to cover”, denominative)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: plah (“to cover”, denominative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pél-trom"
},
"expansion": "*pél-trom",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pél-trom"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸletrom",
"t": "skin, hide; leather",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic: *ɸletrom (“skin, hide; leather”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with vowel metathesis"
},
"expansion": "(with vowel metathesis)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic: *ɸletrom (“skin, hide; leather”) (with vowel metathesis)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*lledr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *lledr",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *lledr (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "lethar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: lethar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: lethar"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leþrą",
"bor": "1",
"t": "leather",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Germanic: *leþrą (“leather”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Germanic: *leþrą (“leather”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "palà",
"t": "linen kerchief"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: palà (“linen kerchief”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: palà (“linen kerchief”)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Extensions"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-k-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-k-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-k-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pelkis",
"t": "cloak"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: pelkis (“cloak”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: pelkis (“cloak”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*felhaną",
"t": "to hide, conceal; to bury; to adhere",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *felhaną (“to hide, conceal; to bury; to adhere”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *felhaną (“to hide, conceal; to bury; to adhere”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-t-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-t-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*polto-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *polto-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pol-to-"
},
"expansion": "*pol-to-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or substantivized from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pol-to-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or substantivized from *pol-to-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *polto- (or substantivized from *pol-to-)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*poltьno",
"der": "1",
"t": "linen"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *poltьno (“linen”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *poltьno (“linen”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέλτη",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: πέλτη (péltē)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thracian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "via Thracian?"
},
"expansion": "(via Thracian?)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: πέλτη (péltē) (via Thracian?) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-ew-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-ew-",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pleh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*pleh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or a u-variant of <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pleh₂-</i>?"
},
"expansion": "(or a u-variant of *pleh₂-?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*pl-ew- (or a u-variant of *pleh₂-?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*plēw-eh₂",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *plēw-eh₂",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *plēw-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plēwāˀ",
"der": "1",
"t": "membrane",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plēwāˀ (“membrane”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plēwāˀ (“membrane”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plėvė̃"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plėvė̃",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plėvė̃"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plěva"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plěva",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plěva (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁epi-plow-yo-m",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *h₁epi-plow-yo-m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *h₁epi-plow-yo-m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*epiplóyyon",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *epiplóyyon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Hellenic: *epiplóyyon"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐπίπλοον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἐπίπλοον (epíploon)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἐπίπλοον (epíploon) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*pl-eh₂- or *pel-h₂-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? *pl-eh₂- or *pel-h₂-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? *pl-eh₂- or *pel-h₂-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*pleh₂-s-o-s",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *pleh₂-s-o-s",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pleh₂-s-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉺𒆷𒄴𒊭𒀸",
"t": "a garment",
"tr": "pa-la-aḫ-ša-aš",
"ts": "",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Hittite: 𒉺𒆷𒄴𒊭𒀸 (pa-la-aḫ-ša-aš, “a garment”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pleh₂-",
"t": "wide, broad, flat"
},
"expansion": "*pleh₂- (“wide, broad, flat”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pleh₂-</i> (“wide, broad, flat”)"
},
"expansion": "(or from *pleh₂- (“wide, broad, flat”))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "(TÚG)"
},
"expansion": "^((TÚG))",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"text": ">? Hittite: 𒉺𒆷𒄴𒊭𒀸 (pa-la-aḫ-ša-aš, “a garment”) (or from *pleh₂- (“wide, broad, flat”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"alt": "*pélh₂-t-^?",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *pélh₂-t-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pélh₂-t-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "*πέλας",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: *πέλας (*pélas)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or from Pre-Greek"
},
"expansion": "(or from Pre-Greek)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: *πέλας (*pélas) (or from Pre-Greek)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρυσίπελας",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρυσίπελας (erusípelas)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁rewdʰ-ti-"
},
"expansion": "*h₁rewdʰ-ti-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "",
"name": "?"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*h₁rewdʰ-ti-</i>^?"
},
"expansion": "(+ *h₁rewdʰ-ti-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: ἐρυσίπελας (erusípelas) (+ *h₁rewdʰ-ti-) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to cover, to wrap"
],
"links": [
[
"cover",
"cover"
],
[
"wrap",
"wrap"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"skin, hide, cloth"
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hide",
"hide"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:skin"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pleḱ-"
},
"expansion": "*pleḱ-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pleḱ-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-okos"
},
"expansion": "*pl-okos",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-okos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*frakah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *frakah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *frakah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"t": "-fold",
"ts": "-frag"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: (/-frag/, “-fold”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: (/-frag/, “-fold”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-𐫜𐫡𐫃",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: -𐫜𐫡𐫃 (-frg)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫅𐫇𐫜𐫡𐫃",
"sc": "Mani",
"t": "two-fold",
"ts": "dōfrag"
},
"expansion": "𐫅𐫇𐫜𐫡𐫃 (dwfrg /dōfrag/, “two-fold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: -𐫜𐫡𐫃 (-frg) (e.g. 𐫅𐫇𐫜𐫡𐫃 (dwfrg /dōfrag/, “two-fold”) )"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "پر",
"tr": "-pirr"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: پر (-pirr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: پر (-pirr)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-ira",
"2": "پر",
"tr": "-per(r)"
},
"expansion": "Iranian Persian: پر (-per(r))",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پل",
"t": "-fold",
"tr": "-pel"
},
"expansion": "پل (-pel, “-fold”)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "دوپر",
"t": "two-fold",
"tr": "dôper"
},
"expansion": "دوپر (dôper, “two-fold”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Iranian Persian: پر (-per(r)), پل (-pel, “-fold”) (e.g. in Shushtari dialect دوپر (dôper, “two-fold”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-o-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-o-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-plós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-plós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-plós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -πλός (-plós)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁπλός"
},
"expansion": "ἁπλός (haplós)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "διπλός"
},
"expansion": "διπλός (diplós)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -πλός (-plós) (e.g. ἁπλός (haplós), διπλός (diplós))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-plos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-plos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-plos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-plus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -plus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "simplus"
},
"expansion": "simplus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "duplus"
},
"expansion": "duplus",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -plus (e.g. simplus, duplus)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pé-pl-os",
"pos": "reduplicated thematic noun"
},
"expansion": "*pé-pl-os (reduplicated thematic noun)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pé-pl-os (reduplicated thematic noun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*péplos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *péplos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *péplos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέπλος",
"t": "woven cloth, fabric, carpet",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Ancient Greek: πέπλος (péplos, “woven cloth, fabric, carpet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Ancient Greek: πέπλος (péplos, “woven cloth, fabric, carpet”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-t-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-t-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*falþaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *falþaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *falþaną"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-t-o-"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-t-o-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-t-o-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸaltom",
"t": "joint"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸaltom (“joint”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸaltom (“joint”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "alt"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: alt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: alt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "alt"
},
"expansion": "Irish: alt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: alt"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "alt"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: alt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: alt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*pl̥-h₂-t-yo-",
"der": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ *pl̥-h₂-t-yo-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ *pl̥-h₂-t-yo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλάσιος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -πλάσιος (-plásios)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλήσιος"
},
"expansion": "-πλήσιος (-plḗsios)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τριπλάσιος"
},
"expansion": "τριπλάσιος (triplásios)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -πλάσιος (-plásios), -πλήσιος (-plḗsios) (e.g. τριπλάσιος (triplásios))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*palā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *palā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *palā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "palë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: palë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: palë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλόος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -πλόος (-plóos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-πλοῦς"
},
"expansion": "-πλοῦς (-ploûs)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁπλόος"
},
"expansion": "ἁπλόος (haplóos)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁπλοῦς"
},
"expansion": "ἁπλοῦς (haploûs)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "διπλόος"
},
"expansion": "διπλόος (diplóos)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "διπλοῦς"
},
"expansion": "διπλοῦς (diploûs)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -πλόος (-plóos), -πλοῦς (-ploûs) (e.g. ἁπλόος (haplóos), ἁπλοῦς (haploûs), διπλόος (diplóos), διπλοῦς (diploûs))"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to fold"
],
"links": [
[
"fold",
"fold"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:fold"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-d-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-d-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-d-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-d"
},
"expansion": "*pel-d",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-d"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*felt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *felt",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *felt (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pel-em-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-em-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-em-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πελεμίζω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πελεμίζω (pelemízō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πελεμίζω (pelemízō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pelh₂-",
"3": "*pel-h₂-"
},
"expansion": "*pel-h₂-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pel-h₂-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-eh₂-k-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-eh₂-k-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-eh₂-k-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-(e)h₂-k-ye-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl-(e)h₂-k-ye-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-(e)h₂-k-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plāťťō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plāťťō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plāťťō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλήσσω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλήσσω (plḗssō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλήσσω (plḗssō)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-att",
"2": "πλήττω"
},
"expansion": "Attic Greek: πλήττω (plḗttō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Attic Greek: πλήττω (plḗttō)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "πλήττω",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: πλήττω (plítto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: πλήττω (plítto)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plā́ˀktei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plā́ˀktei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plā́ˀktei"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plakati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plakati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plakati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-eh₂-k-tro-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-eh₂-k-tro-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-eh₂-k-tro-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plā́ktrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ktrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ktrom"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλᾶκτρον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλᾶκτρον (plâktron)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλῆκτρον"
},
"expansion": "πλῆκτρον (plêktron)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλᾶκτρον (plâktron), πλῆκτρον (plêktron) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-eh₂-g-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-eh₂-g-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-eh₂-g-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pleh₂-g-e-ti",
"pos": "thematic present"
},
"expansion": "*pleh₂-g-e-ti (thematic present)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pleh₂-g-e-ti (thematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flōkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flōkaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flōkaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plāgō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plāgō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plāgō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plāgō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plāgō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plāgō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl(e)h₂-n-g-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plāngō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plāngō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plāngō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plangō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plangō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plangō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl(e)h₂-g-ye-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl(e)h₂-g-ye-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl(e)h₂-g-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plā́ďďō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ďďō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plā́ďďō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλάζω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλάζω (plázō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλάζω (plázō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl(e)h₂-g-éh₂"
},
"expansion": "*pl(e)h₂-g-éh₂",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl(e)h₂-g-éh₂"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*plāgā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *plāgā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *plāgā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "plojë",
"t": "bloodshed, carnage"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: plojë (“bloodshed, carnage”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: plojë (“bloodshed, carnage”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plāgā́",
"t": "slaughter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plāgā́ (“slaughter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plāgā́ (“slaughter”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλαγά"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλαγά (plagá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πληγή",
"3": "",
"4": "blow (of a weapon)"
},
"expansion": "πληγή (plēgḗ, “blow (of a weapon)”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλαγά (plagá), πληγή (plēgḗ, “blow (of a weapon)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plāgā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plāgā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plāgā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plāga",
"t": "blow; slaughter; plague, misfortune"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plāga (“blow; slaughter; plague, misfortune”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plāga (“blow; slaughter; plague, misfortune”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flekka-",
"alt": "*flekkaz",
"t": "mark, spot, blemish",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *flekkaz (“mark, spot, blemish”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *flekkaz (“mark, spot, blemish”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flekka-",
"alt": "*flekkô",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *flekkô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *flekkô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-eh₁-k-t-"
},
"expansion": "*pl-eh₁-k-t-",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-eh₁-k-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl-éh₁-k-t-e-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl-éh₁-k-t-e-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl-éh₁-k-t-e-ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plēktō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plēktō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plēktō"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plēctō",
"id": "punish"
},
"expansion": "Latin: plēctō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: plēctō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pol-ye-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pol-ye-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pol-ye-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*poljō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *poljō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *poljō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "poliō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: poliō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: poliō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pol-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pol-eh₂-yé-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pol-eh₂-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*polāō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *polāō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *polāō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "interpolō",
"alt": "(inter)polō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: (inter)polō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: (inter)polō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-yé-ti"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-yé-ti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-yé-ti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pə́ľľō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pə́ľľō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pə́ľľō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλλω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάλλω (pállō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πάλλω (pállō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-né-ti ~ *pl̥-n-énti"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-né-ti ~ *pl̥-n-énti",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-né-ti ~ *pl̥-n-énti"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pelnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pelnō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pelnō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pellō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pellō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pellō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*pl̥-tós"
},
"expansion": "*pl̥-tós",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "*pl̥-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plətós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plətós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plətós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παλτός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: παλτός (paltós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: παλτός (paltós) (by analogy to πάλλω)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*poltos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *poltos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *poltos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pultō",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Latin: pultō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Latin: pultō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόλεμος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόλεμος (pólemos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόλεμος (pólemos) (perhaps)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to beat, push, drive"
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"push",
"push"
],
[
"drive",
"drive"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:drive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάλη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάλη (pálē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πάλη (pálē)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πόλτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πόλτος (póltos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πόλτος (póltos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "puls"
},
"expansion": "Latin: puls",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: puls"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pulvis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pulvis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pulvis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pollen"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pollen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pollen"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"flour, dust"
],
"links": [
[
"flour",
"flour"
],
[
"dust",
"dust"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:flour"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pel-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pel-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"alternative reconstruction of *pelH- (“pale, gray”)"
],
"links": [
[
"*pelH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pelH-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "pel-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.