See lest on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lest meaning in All languages combined (39.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1200",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 1200",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "",
"4": "les te",
"t": "less that"
},
"expansion": "Middle English les te (“less that”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þȳ lǣs þe",
"t": "whereby less that"
},
"expansion": "Old English þȳ lǣs þe (“whereby less that”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þȳ"
},
"expansion": "þȳ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lǣs",
"3": "",
"4": "less"
},
"expansion": "lǣs (“less”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þe"
},
"expansion": "þe",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "c. 1200, contracted from Middle English les te (“less that”), from Old English þȳ lǣs þe (“whereby less that”), from þȳ (instrumental case of demonstrative article þæt “that”) + lǣs (“less”) + þe (“that,” relative particle). The þȳ was dropped and the remaining two words contracted into leste.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "en-con"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "in case"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "judge not lest ye be judged"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lest we forget"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He won't go outside, lest he be eaten by those ravenous eagles.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 565",
"text": "And then Robert Loo came out swiftly with the half-filled jar lest more be said.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1967, “I Am a Lonesome Hobo”, in Bob Dylan (music), John Wesley Harding",
"text": "Stay free from petty jealousies / Live by no man's code / And hold your judgment for yourself / Lest you wind up on this road",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July 27, “Lunacy?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8846",
"text": "Lest any astrologer reading this result get cocky, Dr Cajochen does not believe that what he has found is directly influenced by the Moon through, say, some tidal effect. What he thinks he has discovered is an additional hand on the body’s clock-face.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For fear that; that not; in order to prevent something from happening; in case."
],
"id": "en-lest-en-conj-m4Bh77rQ",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "before"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵīfata ʔanna",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "خِيفَةَ أَنَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāfata ʔan",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "مَخَافَةَ أَن"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "harambili"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ot strah da ne",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "от страх да не"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǐmiǎn",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "以免"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ze strachu, že ..."
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "v případě, že ..."
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "uit angst dat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "pro timo ke"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "+ conditional",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "siltä varalta, että"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "siinä pelossa, että"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "sen pelossa, että"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ettei"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "jottei"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "de peur que"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "sans quoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "non sexa que"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ka",
"english": "rata ar",
"lang": "Georgian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "რათა არ"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "fürchtend, dass"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "in der Furcht, dass"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "ibai",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗ",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "μή"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗpote",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "μήποτε"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pen",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "פֶּן"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "nehogy"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ar eagla go"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "per paura che"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinai yō ni",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "しないように"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kraeŋ",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ក្រែង"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "kei tūpono"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "þȳ lǣs"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ze strachu, że"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "para que"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "a fim de que ... não"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "în caz că"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "из страха"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "что"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "iz straha da ne"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "da ne bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "da ne bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "no + subjunctive",
"sense": "for fear that"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "no vaya a ser que"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "bundan korkarak"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bojačýsʹ, ščo",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "боячи́сь, що"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "pache",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "পাছে"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "da ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "да не"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "za da ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "за да не"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "aby ... ne"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "opdat ... niet"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "ettei"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "jottei"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "pour que (+ ne ... pas + verb in subj. mood)",
"sense": "that … not"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "bevor"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "auf dass nicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗ",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "μή"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗpote",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "μήποτε"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "nehogy"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "nē"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "kei"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "þȳ lǣs"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "żeby nie"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "чтобы не"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ínáče",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "и́на́че"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "da ne"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "kako ne ..."
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "no + subjunctive",
"sense": "that … not"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that … not",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "så att inte"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "bunun üzerine değil"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "daha önce"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "abý ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "аби́ ... не"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščob ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "щоб ... не"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščoby ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "щоби ... не"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was danger lest the plan become known.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I am afraid lest I revealed too much.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that (without the negative particle; introduces the reason for an emotion.)"
],
"id": "en-lest-en-conj-LZHCIKfw",
"links": [
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension) that (without the negative particle; introduces the reason for an emotion.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "että (alternatively expressed with a participial phrase)",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)",
"word": "nē"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)",
"word": "care"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščo",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)",
"word": "що"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"ipa": "/liːst/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/En-us-lest.ogg/En-us-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-lest.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lstivý"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lьstь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lьstь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lьstь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьstь",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*listiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *listiz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьstь, from Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists), from Proto-Germanic *listiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lest f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.*.mixedistem:pěst.inspl:lstmi"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech mixed i-stem feminine nouns (type 'pěst')",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trick, ruse"
],
"id": "en-lest-cs-noun-44wUO1LK",
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"ruse",
"ruse"
]
],
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
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},
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[
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[
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[
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{
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"clothing#Noun"
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[
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
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"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
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],
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"raw_tags": [
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],
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],
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],
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}
{
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},
{
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}
],
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],
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[
"less",
"less#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lesta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "leste"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "berrlesta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bli ved sin lest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hoselest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "labbelest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "på lestane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "skjera alle over same lest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "skolest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sokkelest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strømpelest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leys-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "leistr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse leistr m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laistaz",
"4": "",
"5": "track, trace; footprint",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laistaz m (“track, trace; footprint”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lóystos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lóystos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*leys-",
"t": "to trace, track"
},
"expansion": "*leys- (“to trace, track”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "last"
},
"expansion": "English last",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "läst"
},
"expansion": "Swedish läst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Leisten"
},
"expansion": "German Leisten",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse leistr m, from Proto-Germanic *laistaz m (“track, trace; footprint”), from Proto-Indo-European *lóystos, from the root *leys- (“to trace, track”). Akin to English last, Swedish läst, and German Leisten.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 15 10 5 10 17 15 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "nn:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a last (a tool in the shape of a human foot, for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes)"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-FwHkkvd6",
"links": [
[
"last",
"last#English"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"shape",
"shape#English"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"foot",
"foot#English"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "nn:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-TKgYQd~5",
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
],
[
"stocking",
"stocking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(clothing) the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "leist"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:lest"
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kommerselest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "lest",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lest f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlæst"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlæst",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Norwegian Bokmål"
},
"expansion": "(Norwegian Bokmål)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "hlest"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hlest",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German last",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlastuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlastuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "last"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of last",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse lest f, from either Old English hlæst, Old Frisian hlest, or Middle Low German last. In any case, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz and Doublet of last m.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An old measure of volume, about 12 to 24 barrels."
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-sOTp3YUC",
"links": [
[
"measure",
"measure"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
],
[
"barrel",
"barrel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An old measure of volume, about 12 to 24 barrels."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An old measure of weight, about half up until a full dozen skippund."
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-NAwI9vbk",
"links": [
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"skippund",
"skippund#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An old measure of weight, about half up until a full dozen skippund."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "nn:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 6 25 47 12 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "nn:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An old unit of measure on the freight capacity of a ship."
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-iy3Xy7T1",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"unit of measure",
"unit of measure"
],
[
"freight",
"freight"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, nautical) An old unit of measure on the freight capacity of a ship."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "låst"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past of låst"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-verb-LKS8RZUL",
"links": [
[
"låst",
"låst#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "leiste",
"3": "",
"4": "to grow over"
},
"expansion": "leiste (“to grow over”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the verb leiste (“to grow over”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"straws and grasses that grow close to each other"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-LIfk7wzt",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"each other",
"each other"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sprouting grasses and grains"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-tbriW6dI",
"links": [
[
"sprouting",
"sprouting"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "lest",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French lest",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "lest"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French lest",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French lest.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesturi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "lesturi"
},
"expansion": "lest n (plural lesturi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "lesturilor",
"gpi": "lesturi",
"gsd": "lestului",
"gsi": "lest",
"n": "",
"npd": "lesturile",
"npi": "lesturi",
"nsd": "lestul",
"nsi": "lest",
"vp": "lesturilor",
"vs": "lestule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ballast"
],
"id": "en-lest-ro-noun-RewXUXHZ",
"links": [
[
"ballast",
"ballast"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech feminine nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech mixed i-stem feminine nouns",
"Czech mixed i-stem feminine nouns (type 'pěst')",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"Czech terms derived from Gothic",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lstivý"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lьstь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lьstь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lьstь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьstь",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*listiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *listiz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьstь, from Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists), from Proto-Germanic *listiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lest f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.*.mixedistem:pěst.inspl:lstmi"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"trick, ruse"
],
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"ruse",
"ruse"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stratagem"
],
"links": [
[
"stratagem",
"stratagem"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɛst]"
},
{
"audio": "Cs-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Cs-lest.ogg/Cs-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Cs-lest.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lessen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:\n## second/third-person singular present indicative\n## (archaic) plural imperative",
"second/third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"lessen",
"lessen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lessen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:\n## second/third-person singular present indicative\n## (archaic) plural imperative",
"plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"lessen",
"lessen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/Nl-lest.ogg/Nl-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Nl-lest.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English conjunctions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English formal terms",
"English lemmas",
"English literary terms",
"English subordinating conjunctions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛst",
"Rhymes:English/ɛst/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1200",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 1200",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "",
"4": "les te",
"t": "less that"
},
"expansion": "Middle English les te (“less that”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þȳ lǣs þe",
"t": "whereby less that"
},
"expansion": "Old English þȳ lǣs þe (“whereby less that”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þȳ"
},
"expansion": "þȳ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "lǣs",
"3": "",
"4": "less"
},
"expansion": "lǣs (“less”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þe"
},
"expansion": "þe",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "c. 1200, contracted from Middle English les te (“less that”), from Old English þȳ lǣs þe (“whereby less that”), from þȳ (instrumental case of demonstrative article þæt “that”) + lǣs (“less”) + þe (“that,” relative particle). The þȳ was dropped and the remaining two words contracted into leste.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "en-con"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"word": "in case"
},
{
"word": "judge not lest ye be judged"
},
{
"word": "lest we forget"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He won't go outside, lest he be eaten by those ravenous eagles.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 565",
"text": "And then Robert Loo came out swiftly with the half-filled jar lest more be said.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1967, “I Am a Lonesome Hobo”, in Bob Dylan (music), John Wesley Harding",
"text": "Stay free from petty jealousies / Live by no man's code / And hold your judgment for yourself / Lest you wind up on this road",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July 27, “Lunacy?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8846",
"text": "Lest any astrologer reading this result get cocky, Dr Cajochen does not believe that what he has found is directly influenced by the Moon through, say, some tidal effect. What he thinks he has discovered is an additional hand on the body’s clock-face.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For fear that; that not; in order to prevent something from happening; in case."
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "before"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was danger lest the plan become known.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I am afraid lest I revealed too much.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that (without the negative particle; introduces the reason for an emotion.)"
],
"links": [
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension) that (without the negative particle; introduces the reason for an emotion.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"ipa": "/liːst/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/En-us-lest.ogg/En-us-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-lest.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵīfata ʔanna",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "خِيفَةَ أَنَّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāfata ʔan",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "مَخَافَةَ أَن"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "harambili"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ot strah da ne",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "от страх да не"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǐmiǎn",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "以免"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ze strachu, že ..."
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "v případě, že ..."
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "uit angst dat"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "pro timo ke"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "+ conditional",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "siltä varalta, että"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "siinä pelossa, että"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "sen pelossa, että"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ettei"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "jottei"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "de peur que"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "sans quoi"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "non sexa que"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"english": "rata ar",
"lang": "Georgian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "რათა არ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "fürchtend, dass"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "in der Furcht, dass"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "ibai",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗ",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "μή"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗpote",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "μήποτε"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pen",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "פֶּן"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "nehogy"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ar eagla go"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "per paura che"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinai yō ni",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "しないように"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kraeŋ",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ក្រែង"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "kei tūpono"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "þȳ lǣs"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ze strachu, że"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "para que"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "a fim de que ... não"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "în caz că"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "из страха"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "что"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "iz straha da ne"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "da ne bi"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "da ne bi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "no + subjunctive",
"sense": "for fear that"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "no vaya a ser que"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "bundan korkarak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bojačýsʹ, ščo",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "боячи́сь, що"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "pache",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "পাছে"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "da ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "да не"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "za da ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "за да не"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "aby ... ne"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "opdat ... niet"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "ettei"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "jottei"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "pour que (+ ne ... pas + verb in subj. mood)",
"sense": "that … not"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "bevor"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "auf dass nicht"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗ",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "μή"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗpote",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "μήποτε"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "nehogy"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "nē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "kei"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "þȳ lǣs"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "żeby nie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "чтобы не"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ínáče",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "и́на́че"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "da ne"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "kako ne ..."
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "no + subjunctive",
"sense": "that … not"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that … not",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "så att inte"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "bunun üzerine değil"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "daha önce"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "abý ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "аби́ ... не"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščob ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "щоб ... не"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščoby ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "щоби ... не"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "että (alternatively expressed with a participial phrase)",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)",
"word": "nē"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)",
"word": "care"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščo",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)",
"word": "що"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "lâcher du lest"
},
{
"word": "lester"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "last",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French last",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French last",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lest"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "odt",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch last",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlastuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlastuz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French last, lest, from Old Dutch last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lests",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "lest m (plural lests)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
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"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
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"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Old Dutch",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"dead weight; ballast"
],
"links": [
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"ballast",
"ballast"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/Fr-lest.ogg/Fr-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Fr-lest.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation",
"German terms with audio links",
"German verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lesen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lesen:\n## second-person plural present\n## plural imperative",
"second-person plural present"
],
"links": [
[
"lesen",
"lesen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of lesen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lesen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lesen:\n## second-person plural present\n## plural imperative",
"plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"lesen",
"lesen#German"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of lesen:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leːst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-lest.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Sebastian_Wallroth-lest.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Sebastian_Wallroth-lest.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Sebastian_Wallroth-lest.wav/LL-Q188_%28deu%29-Sebastian_Wallroth-lest.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "les",
"3": "-t",
"nocat": "y"
},
"expansion": "les + -t",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "les + -t",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
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"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Hungarian non-lemma forms",
"Hungarian noun forms",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛʃt",
"Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛʃt/1 syllable"
],
"form_of": [
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}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of les"
],
"links": [
[
"les",
"les#Hungarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɛʃt]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛʃt"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic 1-syllable words",
"Icelandic countable nouns",
"Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"Icelandic feminine nouns",
"Icelandic lemmas",
"Icelandic nouns",
"Icelandic terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Icelandic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛst",
"Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛst/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "convoy of cars",
"word": "bílalest"
},
{
"english": "high speed train",
"word": "hraðlest"
},
{
"english": "railroad train",
"word": "járnbrautarlest"
},
{
"english": "underground train",
"word": "neðanjarðarlest"
},
{
"english": "register ton",
"word": "rúmlest"
},
{
"english": "convoy of ships",
"word": "skipalest"
},
{
"english": "metric ton",
"word": "smálest"
},
{
"english": "rapid transit train",
"word": "snarlest"
},
{
"english": "convoy of camels",
"word": "ulfaldalest"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gml",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German last",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German last.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestir",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-decl-noun-f-s2",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "lestir",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "lestar",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "lest f (genitive singular lestar, nominative plural lestir)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "lestar",
"3": "lestir"
},
"expansion": "lest f (genitive singular lestar, nominative plural lestir)",
"name": "is-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "l",
"2": "e",
"3": "st"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-f-s2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s2",
"accp": "lestir",
"accpd": "lestirnar",
"accs": "lest",
"accsd": "lestina",
"datp": "lestum",
"datpd": "lestunum",
"dats": "lest",
"datsd": "lestinni",
"def": "{{{def}}}",
"genp": "lesta",
"genpd": "lestanna",
"gens": "lestar",
"gensd": "lestarinnar",
"indef": "{{{indef}}}",
"nomp": "lestir",
"nompd": "lestirnar",
"noms": "lest",
"nomsd": "lestin",
"pl": "{{{pl}}}",
"sg": "{{{sg}}}"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f-s2",
"accp": "lestir",
"accpd": "lestirnar",
"accs": "lest",
"accsd": "lestina",
"datp": "lestum",
"datpd": "lestunum",
"dats": "lest",
"datsd": "lestinni",
"genp": "lesta",
"genpd": "lestanna",
"gens": "lestar",
"gensd": "lestarinnar",
"nomp": "lestir",
"nompd": "lestirnar",
"noms": "lest",
"nomsd": "lestin"
},
"name": "is-decl-noun-base/sgpl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "to load, to fill with cargo",
"word": "lesta"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"train, file, row, line"
],
"links": [
[
"train",
"train"
],
[
"file",
"file"
],
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"railway train"
],
"links": [
[
"railway train",
"railway train"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cargo hold"
],
"links": [
[
"cargo hold",
"cargo hold"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ton"
],
"links": [
[
"ton",
"ton"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Icelandic terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"cargo, burden, load"
],
"links": [
[
"cargo",
"cargo"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"load",
"load"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) cargo, burden, load"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "train, file",
"word": "röð"
},
{
"sense": "railway train",
"word": "járnbrautarlest"
},
{
"sense": "cargo hold",
"word": "lestarrúm"
},
{
"sense": "cargo hold",
"word": "vörurúm"
},
{
"sense": "ton",
"word": "tonn"
},
{
"sense": "cargo, burden",
"word": "byrði"
},
{
"sense": "cargo, burden",
"word": "farmur"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb form",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "nb-verb-form"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lese"
}
],
"glosses": [
"supine of lese"
],
"links": [
[
"lese",
"lese#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"supine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leːst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "leistr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse leistr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laistaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse leistr, from Proto-Germanic *laistaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a last (a tool in the shape of a human foot, for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes)"
],
"links": [
[
"last",
"last#English"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"shape",
"shape#English"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"foot",
"foot#English"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nb:Clothing"
],
"glosses": [
"the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
],
[
"stocking",
"stocking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(clothing) the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"raw_tags": [
"since 2005"
],
"tags": [
"nonstandard"
],
"word": "leist"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "lest",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present tense",
"4": "lest",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "lest",
"cat2": "deponent verbs"
},
"expansion": "lest (present tense lest, past tense lest)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål pre-2005 forms"
],
"glosses": [
"form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by less"
],
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Norwegian Bokmål"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"nn:Tools",
"nn:Units of measure"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lesta"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "leste"
},
{
"word": "berrlesta"
},
{
"word": "bli ved sin lest"
},
{
"word": "hoselest"
},
{
"word": "labbelest"
},
{
"word": "på lestane"
},
{
"word": "skjera alle over same lest"
},
{
"word": "skolest"
},
{
"word": "sokkelest"
},
{
"word": "strømpelest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leys-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "leistr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse leistr m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laistaz",
"4": "",
"5": "track, trace; footprint",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laistaz m (“track, trace; footprint”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lóystos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lóystos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*leys-",
"t": "to trace, track"
},
"expansion": "*leys- (“to trace, track”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "last"
},
"expansion": "English last",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "läst"
},
"expansion": "Swedish läst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Leisten"
},
"expansion": "German Leisten",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse leistr m, from Proto-Germanic *laistaz m (“track, trace; footprint”), from Proto-Indo-European *lóystos, from the root *leys- (“to trace, track”). Akin to English last, Swedish läst, and German Leisten.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a last (a tool in the shape of a human foot, for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes)"
],
"links": [
[
"last",
"last#English"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"shape",
"shape#English"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"foot",
"foot#English"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nn:Clothing"
],
"glosses": [
"the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
],
[
"stocking",
"stocking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(clothing) the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "leist"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:lest"
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"nn:Tools",
"nn:Units of measure"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kommerselest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "lest",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lest f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlæst"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlæst",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Norwegian Bokmål"
},
"expansion": "(Norwegian Bokmål)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "hlest"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hlest",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German last",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlastuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlastuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "last"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of last",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse lest f, from either Old English hlæst, Old Frisian hlest, or Middle Low German last. In any case, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz and Doublet of last m.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An old measure of volume, about 12 to 24 barrels."
],
"links": [
[
"measure",
"measure"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
],
[
"barrel",
"barrel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An old measure of volume, about 12 to 24 barrels."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An old measure of weight, about half up until a full dozen skippund."
],
"links": [
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"skippund",
"skippund#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An old measure of weight, about half up until a full dozen skippund."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with historical senses",
"nn:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"An old unit of measure on the freight capacity of a ship."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"unit of measure",
"unit of measure"
],
[
"freight",
"freight"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, nautical) An old unit of measure on the freight capacity of a ship."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"nn:Tools",
"nn:Units of measure"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "låst"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past of låst"
],
"links": [
[
"låst",
"låst#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"nn:Tools",
"nn:Units of measure"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "leiste",
"3": "",
"4": "to grow over"
},
"expansion": "leiste (“to grow over”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the verb leiste (“to grow over”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"straws and grasses that grow close to each other"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"each other",
"each other"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sprouting grasses and grains"
],
"links": [
[
"sprouting",
"sprouting"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "lest",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French lest",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "lest"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French lest",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French lest.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesturi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "lesturi"
},
"expansion": "lest n (plural lesturi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "lesturilor",
"gpi": "lesturi",
"gsd": "lestului",
"gsi": "lest",
"n": "",
"npd": "lesturile",
"npi": "lesturi",
"nsd": "lestul",
"nsi": "lest",
"vp": "lesturilor",
"vs": "lestule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"ballast"
],
"links": [
[
"ballast",
"ballast"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Icelandic]; cleaned text: f-s2",
"path": [
"lest"
],
"section": "Icelandic",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lest",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.