See lest on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1200",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 1200",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "les te",
"t": "less that"
},
"expansion": "Middle English les te (“less that”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þȳ lǣs þe",
"t": "whereby less that"
},
"expansion": "Old English þȳ lǣs þe (“whereby less that”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "c. 1200, contracted from Middle English les te (“less that”), from Old English þȳ lǣs þe (“whereby less that”), from þȳ (instrumental case of demonstrative article þæt (“that”)) + lǣs (“less”) + þe (“that,” relative particle). The þȳ was dropped and the remaining two words contracted into leste.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "en-con"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "formal",
"3": "literary"
},
"expansion": "(formal, literary)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "in case"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lest we forget"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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{
"_dis": "77 23",
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{
"_dis": "74 26",
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{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bikol Central translations",
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{
"_dis": "72 28",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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{
"_dis": "70 30",
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{
"_dis": "82 18",
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"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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{
"_dis": "74 26",
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"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
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{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
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{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "73 27",
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"name": "Terms with French translations",
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{
"_dis": "73 27",
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"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
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{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
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{
"_dis": "77 23",
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"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
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"_dis": "73 27",
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"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
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{
"_dis": "63 37",
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{
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"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
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{
"_dis": "76 24",
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"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
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{
"_dis": "76 24",
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"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
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{
"_dis": "73 27",
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"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
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{
"_dis": "76 24",
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"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
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{
"_dis": "71 29",
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"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
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{
"_dis": "73 27",
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{
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{
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"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
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{
"_dis": "76 24",
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
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{
"_dis": "74 26",
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"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "73 27",
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"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
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{
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{
"_dis": "77 23",
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"name": "Terms with Sundanese translations",
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{
"_dis": "74 26",
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"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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{
"_dis": "74 26",
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"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
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{
"_dis": "73 27",
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"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He won't go outside, lest he be eaten by those ravenous eagles.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I brought my notes lest faulty memory lead me astray.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 15, column 2:",
"text": "I thought to haue told thee of it, but I fear'd / Leaſt I might anger thee.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 565:",
"text": "And then Robert Loo came out swiftly with the half-filled jar lest more be said.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1967, “I Am a Lonesome Hobo”, in Bob Dylan (music), John Wesley Harding:",
"text": "Stay free from petty jealousies / Live by no man's code / And hold your judgment for yourself / Lest you wind up on this road",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July 27, “Lunacy?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8846:",
"text": "Lest any astrologer reading this result get cocky, Dr Cajochen does not believe that what he has found is directly influenced by the Moon through, say, some tidal effect. What he thinks he has discovered is an additional hand on the body’s clock-face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For fear that; that not; in order to prevent something from happening; in case."
],
"id": "en-lest-en-conj-m4Bh77rQ",
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "before"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵīfata ʔanna",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "خِيفَةَ أَنَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāfata ʔan",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "مَخَافَةَ أَن"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "harambili"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ot strah da ne",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "от страх да не"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǐmiǎn",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "以免"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ze strachu, že ..."
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "v případě, že ..."
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "af frygt for at"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "uit angst dat"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "pro timo ke"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "+ conditional",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "siltä varalta, että"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "siinä pelossa, että"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "sen pelossa, että"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ettei"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "jottei"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "de peur que"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "sans quoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "non sexa que"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ka",
"english": "rata ar",
"lang": "Georgian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "რათა არ"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "fürchtend, dass"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "in der Furcht, dass"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "ibai",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗ",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "μή"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗpote",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "μήποτε"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pen",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "פֶּן"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "nehogy"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ar eagla go"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "per paura che"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinai yō ni",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "しないように"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kraeŋ",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ក្រែង"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "kei tūpono"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "þȳ lǣs"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ze strachu, że"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "para que"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "a fim de que ... não"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "în caz că"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "из страха"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "что"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "iz straha da ne"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "da ne bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "da ne bi"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "no + subjunctive",
"sense": "for fear that"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "no vaya a ser que"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "bisi"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "bundan korkarak"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bojačýsʹ, ščo",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "боячи́сь, що"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "pache",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "পাছে"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "da ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "да не"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "za da ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "за да не"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "aby ... ne"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "opdat ... niet"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "ettei"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "jottei"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "pour que (+ ne ... pas + verb in subj. mood)",
"sense": "that … not"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "bevor"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "auf dass nicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗ",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "μή"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗpote",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "μήποτε"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "nehogy"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "nē"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "kei"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "þȳ lǣs"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "żeby nie"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "чтобы не"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ínáče",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "и́на́че"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "da ne"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "kako ne ..."
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "no + subjunctive",
"sense": "that … not"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that … not",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "så att inte"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "bunun üzerine değil"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "daha önce"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "abý ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "аби́ ... не"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščob ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "щоб ... не"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščoby ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "щоби ... не"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was danger/alarm lest the plan become known.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I am afraid lest I revealed too much.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 81:",
"text": "That you and I should be in the same house together and not able to speak to each other is in itself a misery, but this is terribly enhanced by the dread lest this state of things should be made to continue.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "[M]y ward, or rather my adopted son Leo Vincey and myself have recently passed through a real African adventure, of a nature so much more marvellous than the one which you describe, that to tell the truth I am almost ashamed to submit it to you lest you should disbelieve my tale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:",
"text": "Mr. Cooke at once began a tirade against the residents of Asquith for permitting a sandy and generally disgraceful condition of the roads. So roundly did he vituperate the inn management in particular, and with such a loud flow of words, that I trembled lest he should be heard on the veranda.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that (without the negative particle; introduces the reason for an emotion.)"
],
"id": "en-lest-en-conj-LZHCIKfw",
"links": [
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension) that (without the negative particle; introduces the reason for an emotion.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "että (alternatively expressed with a participial phrase)",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)",
"word": "nē"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)",
"word": "care"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 97",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščo",
"sense": "that (without the negative particle)",
"word": "що"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lest.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-lest.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"ipa": "/liːst/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/",
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛːst/",
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern"
]
}
],
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}
{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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}
],
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{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lьstь",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*listiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *listiz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьstь, from Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists), from Proto-Germanic *listiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lest f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.*.mixedistem:pěst.inspl:lstmi"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech mixed i-stem feminine nouns (type 'pěst')",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trick, ruse"
],
"id": "en-lest-cs-noun-44wUO1LK",
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"ruse",
"ruse"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stratagem"
],
"id": "en-lest-cs-noun-UCLlVEEh",
"links": [
[
"stratagem",
"stratagem"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɛst]"
},
{
"audio": "Cs-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Cs-lest.ogg/Cs-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Cs-lest.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lessen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:",
"second/third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-lest-nl-verb-ccaaST8m",
"links": [
[
"lessen",
"lessen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lessen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:",
"plural imperative"
],
"id": "en-lest-nl-verb-WpJh1ah5",
"links": [
[
"lessen",
"lessen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:",
"(archaic) plural imperative"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/Nl-lest.ogg/Nl-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Nl-lest.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "last",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French last",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French last",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "odt",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch last",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlastuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlastuz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French last, lest, from Old Dutch last, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lests",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "lest m (plural lests)",
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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}
],
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{
"word": "lâcher du lest"
},
{
"word": "lester"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dead weight; ballast"
],
"id": "en-lest-fr-noun-lGZNeeU9",
"links": [
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"ballast",
"ballast"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
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{
"audio": "Fr-lest.ogg",
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],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"head_templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "de",
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"expansion": "lest",
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],
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"pos": "verb",
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lesen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lesen:",
"second-person plural present"
],
"id": "en-lest-de-verb-pSYA4dxc",
"links": [
[
"lesen",
"lesen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
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"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"word": "lesen"
}
],
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"inflection of lesen:",
"plural imperative"
],
"id": "en-lest-de-verb-X4ZkKMNs",
"links": [
[
"lesen",
"lesen#German"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leːst/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q188 (deu)-Sebastian Wallroth-lest.wav",
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}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "les",
"3": "-t",
"nocat": "y"
},
"expansion": "les + -t",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "les + -t",
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{
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"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
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}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lest"
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"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "les"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of les"
],
"id": "en-lest-hu-noun-EcK5IN8J",
"links": [
[
"les",
"les#Hungarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɛʃt]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛʃt"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "convoy of cars",
"word": "bílalest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "high speed train",
"word": "hraðlest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "railroad train",
"word": "járnbrautarlest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "underground train",
"word": "neðanjarðarlest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "register ton",
"word": "rúmlest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "convoy of ships",
"word": "skipalest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "metric ton",
"word": "smálest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "rapid transit train",
"word": "snarlest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "convoy of camels",
"word": "ulfaldalest"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "gml",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German last",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German last.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "of freight",
"tags": [
"error-unknown-tag"
]
},
{
"form": "feminine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "is-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestirnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestarnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestinni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestunum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "@@"
},
"expansion": "lest f (genitive singular lestar, nominative plural lestir or (chiefly of freight (on a ship)) lestar)",
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}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f,,ir:archiefly of freight (on a ship)"
},
"name": "is-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "to load, to fill with cargo",
"word": "lesta"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"train, file, row, line"
],
"id": "en-lest-is-noun-RD9bSWfx",
"links": [
[
"train",
"train"
],
[
"file",
"file"
],
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"line",
"line"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "röð"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"railway train"
],
"id": "en-lest-is-noun-2McEh0cf",
"links": [
[
"railway train",
"railway train"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "járnbrautarlest"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 1 15 2 11 3 2 3 0 1 24 0 1 2 2 1 1 10 1 1 1 8 1 5 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 17 1 12 4 1 2 0 1 27 0 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 9 1 5 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 2 91 1 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Icelandic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cargo hold"
],
"id": "en-lest-is-noun-m5ZycpHD",
"links": [
[
"cargo hold",
"cargo hold"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lestarrúm"
},
{
"word": "vörurúm"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ton"
],
"id": "en-lest-is-noun-1Te8nATT",
"links": [
[
"ton",
"ton"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tonn"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cargo, burden, load"
],
"id": "en-lest-is-noun-Td3aFcvf",
"links": [
[
"cargo",
"cargo"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"load",
"load"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) cargo, burden, load"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "byrði"
},
{
"word": "farmur"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "is",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "is:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"freight, cargo"
],
"id": "en-lest-is-noun-uaYpUSzo",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"freight",
"freight"
],
[
"cargo",
"cargo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) freight, cargo"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛst/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verbf"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lese"
}
],
"glosses": [
"supine of lese"
],
"id": "en-lest-nb-verb-zMxFH6N5",
"links": [
[
"lese",
"lese#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"supine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leːst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "leistr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse leistr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laistaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse leistr, from Proto-Germanic *laistaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leist",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a last (a tool in the shape of a human foot, for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes)"
],
"id": "en-lest-nb-noun-FwHkkvd6",
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"shape",
"shape#English"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"foot",
"foot#English"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "nb:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"id": "en-lest-nb-noun-TKgYQd~5",
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
],
[
"stocking",
"stocking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(clothing) the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "lest",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present tense",
"4": "lest",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "lest",
"cat2": "deponent verbs"
},
"expansion": "lest (present tense lest, past tense lest)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by less"
],
"id": "en-lest-nb-verb-rlxKIn2m",
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lesta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "leste"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "berrlesta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bli ved sin lest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hoselest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "labbelest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "på lestane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "skjera alle over same lest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "skolest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sokkelest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "strømpelest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leys-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "leistr",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse leistr m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laistaz",
"4": "",
"5": "track, trace; footprint",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laistaz m (“track, trace; footprint”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lóystos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lóystos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "last"
},
"expansion": "English last",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "läst"
},
"expansion": "Swedish läst",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Leisten"
},
"expansion": "German Leisten",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse leistr m, from Proto-Germanic *laistaz m (“track, trace; footprint”), from Proto-Indo-European *lóystos, from the root *leys- (“to trace, track”). Akin to English last, Swedish läst, and German Leisten.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leist",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 15 10 5 9 17 15 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "nn:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a last (a tool in the shape of a human foot, for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes)"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-FwHkkvd6",
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"shape",
"shape#English"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"foot",
"foot#English"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "nn:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-TKgYQd~5",
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
],
[
"stocking",
"stocking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(clothing) the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:lest"
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kommerselest"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "lest",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse lest f",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hlæst"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlæst",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Norwegian Bokmål"
},
"expansion": "(Norwegian Bokmål)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "hlest"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hlest",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German last",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlastuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlastuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "last"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of last",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse lest f, from either Old English hlæst, Old Frisian hlest, or Middle Low German last. In any case, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz and Doublet of last m.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An old measure of volume, about 12 to 24 barrels."
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-sOTp3YUC",
"links": [
[
"measure",
"measure"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
],
[
"barrel",
"barrel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An old measure of volume, about 12 to 24 barrels."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 3 7 36 27 13 2 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "nn:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An old measure of weight, about half up until a full dozen skippund."
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-NAwI9vbk",
"links": [
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"skippund",
"skippund#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An old measure of weight, about half up until a full dozen skippund."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "nn:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An old unit of measure on the freight capacity of a ship."
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-iy3Xy7T1",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"unit of measure",
"unit of measure"
],
[
"freight",
"freight"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, nautical) An old unit of measure on the freight capacity of a ship."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "låst"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past of låst"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-verb-LKS8RZUL",
"links": [
[
"låst",
"låst#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From the verb leiste (“to grow over”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"straws and grasses that grow close to each other"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-LIfk7wzt",
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"each other",
"each other"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sprouting grasses and grains"
],
"id": "en-lest-nn-noun-tbriW6dI",
"links": [
[
"sprouting",
"sprouting"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "lest"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French lest",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French lest.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesturi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "lesturi"
},
"expansion": "lest n (plural lesturi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "lesturilor",
"gpi": "lesturi",
"gsd": "lestului",
"gsi": "lest",
"n": "",
"npd": "lesturile",
"npi": "lesturi",
"nsd": "lestul",
"nsi": "lest",
"vp": "lesturilor",
"vs": "lestule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ballast"
],
"id": "en-lest-ro-noun-RewXUXHZ",
"links": [
[
"ballast",
"ballast"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech feminine nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech mixed i-stem feminine nouns",
"Czech mixed i-stem feminine nouns (type 'pěst')",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech nouns with reducible stem",
"Czech terms derived from Gothic",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lstivý"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lьstь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *lьstь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*lьstь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьstь",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "got",
"3": "𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*listiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *listiz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lьstь, from Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists), from Proto-Germanic *listiz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lsti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lstí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lstmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lest f",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f.*.mixedistem:pěst.inspl:lstmi"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"trick, ruse"
],
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"ruse",
"ruse"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stratagem"
],
"links": [
[
"stratagem",
"stratagem"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɛst]"
},
{
"audio": "Cs-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ef/Cs-lest.ogg/Cs-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Cs-lest.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lessen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:",
"second/third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"lessen",
"lessen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lessen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:",
"plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"lessen",
"lessen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of lessen:",
"(archaic) plural imperative"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/65/Nl-lest.ogg/Nl-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Nl-lest.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"English conjunctions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English formal terms",
"English lemmas",
"English literary terms",
"English subordinating conjunctions",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛst",
"Rhymes:English/ɛst/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bikol Central translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "1200",
"short": "yes"
},
"expansion": "c. 1200",
"name": "circa2"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "les te",
"t": "less that"
},
"expansion": "Middle English les te (“less that”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þȳ lǣs þe",
"t": "whereby less that"
},
"expansion": "Old English þȳ lǣs þe (“whereby less that”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "c. 1200, contracted from Middle English les te (“less that”), from Old English þȳ lǣs þe (“whereby less that”), from þȳ (instrumental case of demonstrative article þæt (“that”)) + lǣs (“less”) + þe (“that,” relative particle). The þȳ was dropped and the remaining two words contracted into leste.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "en-con"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "formal",
"3": "literary"
},
"expansion": "(formal, literary)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"word": "in case"
},
{
"word": "lest we forget"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He won't go outside, lest he be eaten by those ravenous eagles.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I brought my notes lest faulty memory lead me astray.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 15, column 2:",
"text": "I thought to haue told thee of it, but I fear'd / Leaſt I might anger thee.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 565:",
"text": "And then Robert Loo came out swiftly with the half-filled jar lest more be said.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1967, “I Am a Lonesome Hobo”, in Bob Dylan (music), John Wesley Harding:",
"text": "Stay free from petty jealousies / Live by no man's code / And hold your judgment for yourself / Lest you wind up on this road",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 July 27, “Lunacy?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8846:",
"text": "Lest any astrologer reading this result get cocky, Dr Cajochen does not believe that what he has found is directly influenced by the Moon through, say, some tidal effect. What he thinks he has discovered is an additional hand on the body’s clock-face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"For fear that; that not; in order to prevent something from happening; in case."
],
"links": [
[
"fear",
"fear#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "before"
}
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "There was danger/alarm lest the plan become known.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "I am afraid lest I revealed too much.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1869 May, Anthony Trollope, “Lady Milborough as Ambassador”, in He Knew He Was Right, volume I, London: Strahan and Company, […], →OCLC, page 81:",
"text": "That you and I should be in the same house together and not able to speak to each other is in itself a misery, but this is terribly enhanced by the dread lest this state of things should be made to continue.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "[M]y ward, or rather my adopted son Leo Vincey and myself have recently passed through a real African adventure, of a nature so much more marvellous than the one which you describe, that to tell the truth I am almost ashamed to submit it to you lest you should disbelieve my tale.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:",
"text": "Mr. Cooke at once began a tirade against the residents of Asquith for permitting a sandy and generally disgraceful condition of the roads. So roundly did he vituperate the inn management in particular, and with such a loud flow of words, that I trembled lest he should be heard on the veranda.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that (without the negative particle; introduces the reason for an emotion.)"
],
"links": [
[
"apprehension",
"apprehension"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension) that (without the negative particle; introduces the reason for an emotion.)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"after certain expressions denoting fear or apprehension"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-lest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/En-us-lest.ogg/En-us-lest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/En-us-lest.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"ipa": "/liːst/",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/",
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɛːst/",
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḵīfata ʔanna",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "خِيفَةَ أَنَّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāfata ʔan",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "مَخَافَةَ أَن"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "harambili"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ot strah da ne",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "от страх да не"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǐmiǎn",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "以免"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ze strachu, že ..."
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "v případě, že ..."
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "af frygt for at"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "uit angst dat"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "pro timo ke"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "+ conditional",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "siltä varalta, että"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "siinä pelossa, että"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "sen pelossa, että"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ettei"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "jottei"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "de peur que"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "sans quoi"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "non sexa que"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"english": "rata ar",
"lang": "Georgian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "რათა არ"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "fürchtend, dass"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "in der Furcht, dass"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "ibai",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗ",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "μή"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗpote",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "μήποτε"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "pen",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "פֶּן"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "nehogy"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ar eagla go"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "per paura che"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shinai yō ni",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "しないように"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kraeŋ",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ក្រែង"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "kei tūpono"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "þȳ lǣs"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "ze strachu, że"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "para que"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "a fim de que ... não"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "în caz că"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "из страха"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "что"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "iz straha da ne"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "da ne bi"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "da ne bi"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "no + subjunctive",
"sense": "for fear that"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "no vaya a ser que"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "bisi"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "bundan korkarak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bojačýsʹ, ščo",
"sense": "for fear that",
"word": "боячи́сь, що"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "pache",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "পাছে"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "da ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "да не"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "za da ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "за да не"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "aby ... ne"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "opdat ... niet"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "ettei"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "jottei"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "pour que (+ ne ... pas + verb in subj. mood)",
"sense": "that … not"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "bevor"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "auf dass nicht"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗ",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "μή"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "mḗpote",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "μήποτε"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "nehogy"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "nē"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "kei"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "þȳ lǣs"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "żeby nie"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "чтобы не"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ínáče",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "и́на́че"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "da ne"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "kako ne ..."
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"note": "no + subjunctive",
"sense": "that … not"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "that … not",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "så att inte"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "bunun üzerine değil"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "daha önce"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "abý ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "аби́ ... не"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščob ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
"word": "щоб ... не"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "ščoby ... ne",
"sense": "that … not",
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{
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},
{
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{
"code": "ro",
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"word": "care"
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{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
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"word": "що"
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"les#Hungarian"
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{
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{
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{
"english": "high speed train",
"word": "hraðlest"
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{
"english": "railroad train",
"word": "járnbrautarlest"
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{
"english": "underground train",
"word": "neðanjarðarlest"
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{
"english": "register ton",
"word": "rúmlest"
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{
"english": "convoy of ships",
"word": "skipalest"
},
{
"english": "metric ton",
"word": "smálest"
},
{
"english": "rapid transit train",
"word": "snarlest"
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{
"english": "convoy of camels",
"word": "ulfaldalest"
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{
"form": "of freight",
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"error-unknown-tag"
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{
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"source": "declension",
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{
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{
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{
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"nominative",
"plural"
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{
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"nominative",
"plural"
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{
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{
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{
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},
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{
"word": "vörurúm"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "de",
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],
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[
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"human#English"
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[
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"foot#English"
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[
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"shoe#English"
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]
},
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[
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"textiles"
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}
],
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"3": "hlæst"
},
"expansion": "Old English hlæst",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Norwegian Bokmål"
},
"expansion": "(Norwegian Bokmål)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "hlest"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian hlest",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "last"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German last",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hlastuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlastuz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "last"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of last",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "m",
"name": "g"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse lest f, from either Old English hlæst, Old Frisian hlest, or Middle Low German last. In any case, from Proto-Germanic *hlastuz and Doublet of last m.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An old measure of volume, about 12 to 24 barrels."
],
"links": [
[
"measure",
"measure"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
],
[
"barrel",
"barrel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An old measure of volume, about 12 to 24 barrels."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An old measure of weight, about half up until a full dozen skippund."
],
"links": [
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"skippund",
"skippund#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An old measure of weight, about half up until a full dozen skippund."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms with historical senses",
"nn:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"An old unit of measure on the freight capacity of a ship."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"unit of measure",
"unit of measure"
],
[
"freight",
"freight"
],
[
"capacity",
"capacity"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, nautical) An old unit of measure on the freight capacity of a ship."
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nn:Tools",
"nn:Units of measure"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "låst"
}
],
"glosses": [
"past of låst"
],
"links": [
[
"låst",
"låst#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"past"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"nn:Tools",
"nn:Units of measure"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_text": "From the verb leiste (“to grow over”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestar",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestane",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"straws and grasses that grow close to each other"
],
"links": [
[
"straw",
"straw"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"grow",
"grow"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"each other",
"each other"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sprouting grasses and grains"
],
"links": [
[
"sprouting",
"sprouting"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "lest"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French lest",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French lest.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesturi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lestului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lesturilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "lesturi"
},
"expansion": "lest n (plural lesturi)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "lesturilor",
"gpi": "lesturi",
"gsd": "lestului",
"gsi": "lest",
"n": "",
"npd": "lesturile",
"npi": "lesturi",
"nsd": "lestul",
"nsi": "lest",
"vp": "lesturilor",
"vs": "lestule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"ballast"
],
"links": [
[
"ballast",
"ballast"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lest meaning in All languages combined (38.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"lest"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lest",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (9e2b7d3 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.