See lessen on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lessenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lessenen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "less",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "less + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lessenen, lasnen, equivalent to less + -en (verbal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lessens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lessening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lessened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lessened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lessen (third-person singular simple present lessens, present participle lessening, simple past and past participle lessened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 56 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 57 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 58 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 10 40 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 10 41 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 68 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 69 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 70 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 70 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 64 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 67 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 76 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 76 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 69 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 72 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 73 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 69 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 69 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 70 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 71 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 72 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 69 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 70 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 69 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 64 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a. 1686, Benjamin Calamy, a sermon\nCharity […] shall lessen his punishment."
},
{
"text": "December 6, 1709, Francis Atterbury, a sermon preach'd before the sons of the clergy at their anniversary-meeting in the Church of St. Paul\nSt. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to lessen it."
},
{
"ref": "1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 44:",
"text": "The thin glass that makes mirror tiles light in weight also tends to lessen their reflective quality.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 December 16, Denis Campbell, “Hospital staff 'lack skills to cope with dementia patients'”, in Guardian:",
"text": "Many hospitals have not taken simple steps to lessen the distress and confusion which dementia sufferers' often feel on being somewhere so unfamiliar – such as making signs large and easy to read, using colour schemes to help patients find their way around unfamiliar wards and not putting family mementoes such as photographs nearby.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make less; to diminish; to reduce."
],
"id": "en-lessen-en-verb-5yk9u-qP",
"links": [
[
"less",
"less"
],
[
"diminish",
"diminish"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make less; to diminish; to reduce."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pakasecʻnel",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "պակասեցնել"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namaljavam",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "намалявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smaljavam",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "смалявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smekčavam",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "смекчавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎnshǎo",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "減少 /减少"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "zmenšit"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "afzwakken"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "korten"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "vergoelijken"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "verkleinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "verminderen"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "verzachten"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "amoindrir"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "atténuer"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "diminuer"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "réduire"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "elassóō",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "ἐλασσόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "meióō",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "μειόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "csökkent"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "kisebbít"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "diminutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "beagaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "laghdaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "minuō"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "diminuō"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "whakaharahara"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "māwhe"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "whakamimiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "whakaiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "māhaki"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "formilde"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "atenuar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "diminuir"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "reduzir"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "hiwiy"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smjaxčátʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "смягча́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "umenʹšátʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уменьша́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uménʹšitʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уме́ньшить"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "umerjátʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "умеря́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uméritʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уме́рить"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "menoscabar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "disminuir"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "reducir"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "aminorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "menguar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "mermar"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "minska"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zménšuvaty",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зме́ншувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zménšyty",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зме́ншити"
},
{
"_dis1": "74 26",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "lleihau"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To become less."
],
"id": "en-lessen-en-verb-HXBGvliR",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become less."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pakasel",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "պակասել"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namaljavam",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "намалявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smaljavam se",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "смалявам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "zmenšit se"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "slinken"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "afnemen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "verminderen"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "csökken"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "kisebbedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "diminutar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "laghdaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "diminuir"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "reduzir-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "umenʹšátʹsja",
"sense": "to become less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уменьша́ться"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uménʹšitʹsja",
"sense": "to become less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уме́ньшиться"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "aminorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "disminuir"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "menguar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "mermar"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "minska"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zménšuvatysja",
"sense": "to become less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зме́ншуватися"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 83",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zménšytysja",
"sense": "to become less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зме́ншитися"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lěʹsən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛsən/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-lessen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-us-lessen.ogg/En-us-lessen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-us-lessen.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "lesson"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsən"
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lessenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lessenen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "less",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "less + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lessenen, lasnen, equivalent to less + -en (verbal suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895, Book-keeper (Detroit, Mich. : 1888). - Volume 8, Issue 6, page 10:",
"text": "Ober closed his encomium with the serious statement that “Lessen he could marry Miss Jennie he would be a bachelor the balance of his life,\" to which the drayman replied that \" If Oi were Miss Janie Oi'd black yer oi the minute ye thought of such a thing. The oidee.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Caroline Miller, Lamb in His Bosom, page 107:",
"text": "She was fine-looking; he couldn't find a fault with her 'lessen he made it up.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, J. California Cooper, Family:",
"text": "No more work outta them lessen they paid now.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Lornabelle Gethers, Honey Bea's Everlasting Gift, page 88:",
"text": "That usually all they need fuh go that straight and narrow path, lessen they got that real badness or foolishness in them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unless."
],
"id": "en-lessen-en-conj-Q8qERkMu",
"links": [
[
"unless",
"unless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, dialect) unless."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lěʹsən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛsən/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-lessen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-us-lessen.ogg/En-us-lessen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-us-lessen.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "lesson"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsən"
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "nl:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "lesschen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch lesschen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*leskan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *leskan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*leskaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *leskaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laskijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laskijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laskijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laskijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch lesschen, from a merger of two Old Dutch [Term?] verbs:\n* *leskan, from Proto-West Germanic *leskan, from Proto-Germanic *leskaną; class 5 strong, intransitive.\n* lesken, from Proto-West Germanic *laskijan, from Proto-Germanic *laskijaną; class 1 weak, causative of the first verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "les",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "les",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lesten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "les",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lessend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gelest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "les",
"2": "lesse"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 45 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blussen"
},
{
"word": "dorstlessend"
},
{
"word": "dorstlesser"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to quench (thirst)"
],
"id": "en-lessen-nl-verb-VaMjXZ7s",
"links": [
[
"quench",
"quench"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to quench (thirst)"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛsə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-lessen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Nl-lessen.ogg/Nl-lessen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Nl-lessen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsən"
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "nl:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "les",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "denominative"
},
"expansion": "les + -en",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From les + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "les",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "les",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lesten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "les",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lessend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gelest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "les",
"2": "lesse"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch terms suffixed with -en (denominative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to take a lesson (usually a driving lesson)"
],
"id": "en-lessen-nl-verb-1iKnTL2t",
"links": [
[
"lesson",
"lesson"
],
[
"driving",
"driving"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to take a lesson (usually a driving lesson)"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛsə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-lessen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Nl-lessen.ogg/Nl-lessen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Nl-lessen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsən"
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nl",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "nl:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "les"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of les"
],
"id": "en-lessen-nl-noun-M6lL9jDo",
"links": [
[
"les",
"les#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛsə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-lessen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Nl-lessen.ogg/Nl-lessen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Nl-lessen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsən"
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "les",
"3": "-jen",
"nocat": "y"
},
"expansion": "les + -jen",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "les + -jen",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"les‧sen"
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "les"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular subjunctive present indefinite of les"
],
"id": "en-lessen-hu-verb-WmX4HzrA",
"links": [
[
"les",
"les#Hungarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɛʃːɛn]"
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ledsen"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of ledsen"
],
"id": "en-lessen-sv-adj-BTrYIUtg",
"links": [
[
"ledsen",
"ledsen#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch noun forms",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Old Dutch term requests",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛsən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛsən/2 syllables",
"nl:Education"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blussen"
},
{
"word": "dorstlessend"
},
{
"word": "dorstlesser"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "lesschen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch lesschen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*leskan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *leskan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*leskaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *leskaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laskijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laskijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laskijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laskijaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch lesschen, from a merger of two Old Dutch [Term?] verbs:\n* *leskan, from Proto-West Germanic *leskan, from Proto-Germanic *leskaną; class 5 strong, intransitive.\n* lesken, from Proto-West Germanic *laskijan, from Proto-Germanic *laskijaną; class 1 weak, causative of the first verb.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "les",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "les",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lesten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lesse",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "leste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lessen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "lesten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "les",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lessend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gelest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"to quench (thirst)"
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[
"quench",
"quench"
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"(transitive) to quench (thirst)"
],
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}
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{
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"table-tags"
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{
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{
"form": "lesten",
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{
"form": "les",
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},
{
"form": "lest",
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{
"form": "lessend",
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},
{
"form": "gelest",
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{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"to take a lesson (usually a driving lesson)"
],
"links": [
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"lesson"
],
[
"driving",
"driving"
]
],
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"(intransitive) to take a lesson (usually a driving lesson)"
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"word": "les"
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"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
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"pos": "verb",
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"categories": [
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"English transitive verbs"
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"examples": [
{
"text": "a. 1686, Benjamin Calamy, a sermon\nCharity […] shall lessen his punishment."
},
{
"text": "December 6, 1709, Francis Atterbury, a sermon preach'd before the sons of the clergy at their anniversary-meeting in the Church of St. Paul\nSt. Paul chose to magnify his office when ill men conspired to lessen it."
},
{
"ref": "1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 44:",
"text": "The thin glass that makes mirror tiles light in weight also tends to lessen their reflective quality.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011 December 16, Denis Campbell, “Hospital staff 'lack skills to cope with dementia patients'”, in Guardian:",
"text": "Many hospitals have not taken simple steps to lessen the distress and confusion which dementia sufferers' often feel on being somewhere so unfamiliar – such as making signs large and easy to read, using colour schemes to help patients find their way around unfamiliar wards and not putting family mementoes such as photographs nearby.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"(transitive) To make less; to diminish; to reduce."
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"To become less."
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"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become less."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
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}
],
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{
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{
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{
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pakasecʻnel",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "պակասեցնել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namaljavam",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "намалявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smaljavam",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "смалявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smekčavam",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "смекчавам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎnshǎo",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "減少 /减少"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "zmenšit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "afzwakken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "korten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "vergoelijken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "verkleinen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "verminderen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "verzachten"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "amoindrir"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "atténuer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "diminuer"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "réduire"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "elassóō",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "ἐλασσόω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "meióō",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "μειόω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "csökkent"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "kisebbít"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "diminutar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "beagaigh"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "laghdaigh"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "minuō"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "diminuō"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "whakaharahara"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "māwhe"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "whakamimiti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "whakaiti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "māhaki"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "formilde"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "atenuar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "diminuir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "reduzir"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "hiwiy"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smjaxčátʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "смягча́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "umenʹšátʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уменьша́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uménʹšitʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уме́ньшить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "umerjátʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "умеря́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uméritʹ",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уме́рить"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "menoscabar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "disminuir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "reducir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "aminorar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "menguar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "mermar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "minska"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zménšuvaty",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зме́ншувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zménšyty",
"sense": "to make less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зме́ншити"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make less",
"word": "lleihau"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pakasel",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "պակասել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "namaljavam",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "намалявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smaljavam se",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "смалявам се"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "zmenšit se"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "slinken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "afnemen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "verminderen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "csökken"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "kisebbedik"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "diminutar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "laghdaigh"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "diminuir"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "reduzir-se"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "umenʹšátʹsja",
"sense": "to become less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уменьша́ться"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uménʹšitʹsja",
"sense": "to become less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уме́ньшиться"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "aminorar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "disminuir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "menguar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "mermar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become less",
"word": "minska"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zménšuvatysja",
"sense": "to become less",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зме́ншуватися"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zménšytysja",
"sense": "to become less",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "зме́ншитися"
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English conjunctions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English ergative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛsən",
"Rhymes:English/ɛsən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lessenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lessenen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "less",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "inchoative",
"pos2": "verbal suffix"
},
"expansion": "less + -en (verbal suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lessenen, lasnen, equivalent to less + -en (verbal suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895, Book-keeper (Detroit, Mich. : 1888). - Volume 8, Issue 6, page 10:",
"text": "Ober closed his encomium with the serious statement that “Lessen he could marry Miss Jennie he would be a bachelor the balance of his life,\" to which the drayman replied that \" If Oi were Miss Janie Oi'd black yer oi the minute ye thought of such a thing. The oidee.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Caroline Miller, Lamb in His Bosom, page 107:",
"text": "She was fine-looking; he couldn't find a fault with her 'lessen he made it up.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, J. California Cooper, Family:",
"text": "No more work outta them lessen they paid now.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Lornabelle Gethers, Honey Bea's Everlasting Gift, page 88:",
"text": "That usually all they need fuh go that straight and narrow path, lessen they got that real badness or foolishness in them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unless."
],
"links": [
[
"unless",
"unless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nonstandard, dialect) unless."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"nonstandard"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lěʹsən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɛsən/"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-lessen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-us-lessen.ogg/En-us-lessen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-us-lessen.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "lesson"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛsən"
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "les",
"3": "-jen",
"nocat": "y"
},
"expansion": "les + -jen",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "les + -jen",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"les‧sen"
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian non-lemma forms",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian verb forms",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "les"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular subjunctive present indefinite of les"
],
"links": [
[
"les",
"les#Hungarian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indefinite",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɛʃːɛn]"
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "lessen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ledsen"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish adjectives",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of ledsen"
],
"links": [
[
"ledsen",
"ledsen#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "lessen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lessen meaning in All languages combined (24.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.