See lest in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verbf"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lese"
}
],
"glosses": [
"supine of lese"
],
"id": "en-lest-nb-verb-zMxFH6N5",
"links": [
[
"lese",
"lese#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"supine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leːst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "leistr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse leistr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laistaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse leistr, from Proto-Germanic *laistaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leist",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a last (a tool in the shape of a human foot, for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes)"
],
"id": "en-lest-nb-noun-FwHkkvd6",
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"shape",
"shape#English"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"foot",
"foot#English"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Clothing",
"orig": "nb:Clothing",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"id": "en-lest-nb-noun-TKgYQd~5",
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
],
[
"stocking",
"stocking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(clothing) the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "lest",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present tense",
"4": "lest",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "lest",
"cat2": "deponent verbs"
},
"expansion": "lest (present tense lest, past tense lest)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by less"
],
"id": "en-lest-nb-verb-rlxKIn2m",
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verbf"
},
"expansion": "lest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "lese"
}
],
"glosses": [
"supine of lese"
],
"links": [
[
"lese",
"lese#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"supine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/leːst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "leistr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse leistr",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laistaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laistaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse leistr, from Proto-Germanic *laistaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leist",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a last (a tool in the shape of a human foot, for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes)"
],
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#English"
],
[
"shape",
"shape#English"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"foot",
"foot#English"
],
[
"shoe",
"shoe#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"nb:Clothing"
],
"glosses": [
"the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"links": [
[
"clothing",
"clothing#Noun"
],
[
"foot",
"foot"
],
[
"stocking",
"stocking"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(clothing) the foot-part of a stocking"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"clothing",
"fashion",
"lifestyle",
"manufacturing",
"textiles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"forms": [
{
"form": "lest",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lest",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present tense",
"4": "lest",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "lest",
"cat2": "deponent verbs"
},
"expansion": "lest (present tense lest, past tense lest)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål pre-2005 forms"
],
"glosses": [
"form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by less"
],
"links": [
[
"less",
"less#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lɛst/"
}
],
"word": "lest"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lest meaning in Norwegian Bokmål (2.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Norwegian Bokmål dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.