See gouge on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fault gouge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gouge bit"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gouge",
"4": "",
"5": "chisel with concave blade; gouge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gouge"
},
"expansion": "Old French gouge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "goia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin goia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*gulbiā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *gulbiā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*gulbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gulbā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gorbia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gorbia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "golb"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton golb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gulba",
"3": "",
"4": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gulba (“beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "goiva"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese goiva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "gilb",
"3": "",
"4": "chisel"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gubia",
"3": "",
"4": "chisel, gouge"
},
"expansion": "Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gylf",
"3": "",
"4": "beak; pointed instrument"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbiā, from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbi, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gouges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "gouge (countable and uncountable, plural gouges)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 3 3 3 1 2 1 3 3 7 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1823, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter VIII, in The Pioneers, or The Sources of the Susquehanna; […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: Charles Wiley; […], →OCLC, page 118:",
"text": "The \"steeple\" was a little cupola, reared on the very centre of the roof, on four tall pillars of pine, that were fluted with a gouge, and loaded with mouldings.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842 January 22, “On Printing Posting-bills”, in The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, volume XI (New Series), number 626, London: Charles Knight & Co., →OCLC, page 30, column 2:",
"text": "The cutting [of letter blocks] is effected by chisels and gouges of the usual kinds, and is the work of a class of artizans called 'Wood letter Cutters,' or 'Wood-type Cutters.'",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1922 August, H. Hambley Tregoning, “A Model 18-Footer Yacht, and How to Build and Sail Her”, in The Boy’s Own Paper, volume XLV, part 10, London: “Boy’s Own Paper” Office, […], →OCLC, page 697, column 1:",
"text": "Now hollow out the inside of the boat with a gouge or gouges. (\"Firmer\" gouges, ground on the outside of the curve, are used. \"Paring\" gouges are useless.)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1985 April, Rosario Capotosto, “Become a Woodturning Expert: Part One”, in John A. Linkletter, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 162, number 4, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 104, column 2:",
"text": "The six most common woodturning tools you should know about are: gouge, skew, parting tool, spear-point, round-nose, and flat-nose. The gouge is a hollow, round-nose chisel used to rough-cut blanks into cylinders and for making cove cuts. Gouges can be used for cutting or scraping.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to cutting tools.",
"A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-noun-lpSQBBcP",
"links": [
[
"chisel",
"chisel#Noun"
],
[
"curved",
"curved#Adjective"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"cutting",
"cut#Verb"
],
[
"scooping",
"scoop#Verb"
],
[
"channels",
"channel#Noun"
],
[
"grooves",
"groove#Noun"
],
[
"holes",
"hole#Noun"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"stone",
"stone#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎstat sekač",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръстат секач"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gúbia"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "koverrin"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gouge"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gubia"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esgubia"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saṭexi",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "სატეხი"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Grabstichel"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hohlbeitel"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hohlmeißel"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stichel"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "rukhānī",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "रुखानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sgorbia"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"alt": "まるのみ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "marunomi",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "丸鑿"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gulbia"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "famoalaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "oluk",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "اولق"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "iskene",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "اسكنه"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "جبر"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "polukrugloje doloto",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "полукруглое долото"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gubia"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "håljärn"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hålmejsel"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svarvjärn"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skölp"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "North Wales Welsh",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cŷn crwn"
},
{
"_dis1": "62 21 4 4 2 3 2 2 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "South Wales Welsh",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaing gau"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 21 12 2 7 3 4 5 12 15 10 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 5 9 7 6 4 16 15 9 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 10 5 7 6 2 6 4 16 11 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 9 6 6 6 1 6 4 17 10 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 10 4 7 5 2 7 7 16 10 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 7 6 7 9 4 6 10 14 11 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 23 6 1 5 2 2 2 18 23 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 12 7 3 10 7 6 5 15 11 10 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 11 4 5 7 1 6 4 16 11 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 10 5 6 5 1 6 4 17 11 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 3 3 3 1 2 1 3 3 7 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1835, John Andrews Arnett [pseudonym; John Hannett], “Combination of Tools”, in Bibliopegia; or, The Art of Bookbinding, in All Its Branches. […], London: Richard Groombridge; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Dublin: W. F. Wakeman; New York, N.Y.: W. Jackson, →OCLC, part II (Of Finishing), page 128:",
"text": "In plate II. are design for two backs of books. The first figure, which presents an appearance of exceeding richness, is executed with one sole tool, viz. No. 10, and a small gouge for the sides of the lettering-piece.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to cutting tools.",
"A bookbinder's tool with a curved face, used for blind tooling or gilding."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-noun-qG6x4WW6",
"links": [
[
"bookbinder",
"bookbinder"
],
[
"tool",
"tool#Noun"
],
[
"face",
"face#Noun"
],
[
"blind tooling",
"blind tooling"
],
[
"gilding",
"gilding#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
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"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 3 3 3 1 2 1 3 3 7 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1875, Edward H[enry] Knight, “Gouge”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary: […], volumes II (Ena–Pan), New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 997, column 1:",
"text": "Gouge. […] A shaped incising-tool used for cutting out forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, or other objects cut to a shape from fabric, leather, or paper.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to cutting tools.",
"An incising tool that cuts blanks or forms for envelopes, gloves, etc., from leather, paper, or other materials."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-noun-vicnTEJq",
"links": [
[
"incising",
"incise"
],
[
"blanks",
"blank#Noun"
],
[
"forms",
"form#Noun"
],
[
"envelope",
"envelope"
],
[
"gloves",
"glove#Noun"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"paper",
"paper#Noun"
],
[
"materials",
"material#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The nail left a deep gouge in the tire.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1878 April, “How Lead-pencils are Made”, in J[osiah] G[ilbert] Holland, editor, Scribner’s Monthly, an Illustrated Magazine for the People, volume XV, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Scribner & Co., […], →OCLC, page 808:",
"text": "The planing-machine, on the contrary, uses revolving knives, which make a succession of little gouges in the wood; these gouges, which would otherwise leave the surface very irregular, are made to leave it tolerably smooth by following one another so closely that the gouges become one long gouge or cut; [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Stephanie Butland, Letters to My Husband, London: Black Swan, Transworld Publishers, →ISBN, page 250:",
"text": "He makes himself look at his daughter's changing body the way he might look at a gouge on his own leg, forcing himself to examine every detail until he's not looking at a horror but a fact; something that needs fixing.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Brian Staveley, chapter 4, in The Providence of Fire (Chronicle of the Unhewn Throne; book 2), London: Tor, →ISBN, page 60:",
"text": "He squinted through frozen lashes, trying to make better sense of the valley beneath him, a gouge running east to west, so deep and narrow he could only see the bottom when they passed directly overhead.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cut or groove, as left by a gouge or something sharp."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-noun-~GFkFXn~",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut#Noun"
],
[
"groove",
"groove"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žleb",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жлеб"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "uurros"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "uurre"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ura"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gougeure"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rainure"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣari",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ღარი"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "amonaɣebi",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ამონაღები"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "poso",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ფოსო"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣrmuli",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ღრმული"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣru",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ღრუ"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Furche"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rille"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kharíts",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חתך"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ranhura"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žólob",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жёлоб"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výjemka",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вы́емка"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "groove",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ranura"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 2 4 74 2 3 1 3 0",
"code": "es",
"english": "cut",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "surco"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 12 7 3 10 7 6 5 15 11 10 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An act of gouging."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-noun-MvNAn9MK",
"links": [
[
"gouging",
"#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally US, colloquial) An act of gouging."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A cheat, a fraud; an imposition."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-noun-wqUkEH7F",
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat#Noun"
],
[
"fraud",
"fraud"
],
[
"imposition",
"imposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) A cheat, a fraud; an imposition."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "swindle"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An impostor."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-noun-bbf6ZPBU",
"links": [
[
"impostor",
"impostor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) An impostor."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond, “Giant Powder and Common Powder”, in The Mines of the West: A Report to the Secretary of the Treasury, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company […], →OCLC, page 34:",
"text": "At some of the mines on the great Mother Lode, where hundreds of tons are not unfrequently thrown down at a blast, and where a wide, soft \"gouge\" along one wall enables the minder to keep two or three sides of the rock free, and give the powder the greatest opportunity to \"lift\" without waste of power, the cost of drilling and blasting per ton is so low that a reduction of one-third, even if it could be made, would not greatly affect the general count; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930, Edward Wilber Berry, “Systematic Descriptions”, in Revision of the Lower Eocene Wilcox Flora of the Southeastern States: With Descriptions of New Species, Chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky ([United States] Geological Survey Professional Paper; 156), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 83, column 1:",
"text": "The geologic relations seen at the surface continue underground, but in addition 5 to 10 feet of gouge, dipping 68°E, is found to separate the serpentine from the ore zone. The gouge is not sufficiently resistant to erosion to crop out. […] A \"bull\" quartz vein occurs in places along the contact of the gouge and the ore zone. It does not constitute ore.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein of ore."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-noun-9zYRrlQQ",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
"Soft",
"soft"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"wall",
"wall#Noun"
],
[
"vein",
"vein"
],
[
"solid",
"solid#Adjective"
],
[
"ore",
"ore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein of ore."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 3 1 2 2 80 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(mining) soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "harina"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "en:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 11 6 2 10 9 7 4 17 9 10 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 5 9 7 6 4 16 15 9 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 6 3 12 7 6 4 20 11 9 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 15 7 3 13 3 1 5 23 12 8 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cebuano translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 7 3 10 7 6 4 17 13 9 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 7 3 11 7 6 5 17 11 10 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 11 6 4 9 9 6 5 15 11 10 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 7 6 7 9 4 6 10 14 11 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 7 2 12 3 7 5 20 11 10 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 7 3 13 4 2 5 23 12 8 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hokkien translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 7 3 11 4 3 5 17 11 8 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malagasy translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 12 8 5 10 4 4 6 16 12 8 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 3 11 7 6 4 19 13 9 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 23 6 1 5 2 2 2 18 23 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 6 6 11 8 4 6 21 11 9 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 2 10 7 7 5 17 10 9 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 12 7 3 10 7 6 5 15 11 10 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 2 10 7 6 7 17 10 9 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 2 11 7 6 5 18 10 9 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 6 2 12 7 6 4 20 11 9 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 2 9 9 7 5 15 10 10 10 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Jay A. Stout, To Be a U.S. Naval Aviator, page 63:",
"text": "As all naval aviators have learned at one time or another in their careers, “There's plenty of bad gouge out there,\" and it has, does, and will get the unwary fliers in trouble.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Douglas Waller, Air Warriors: The Inside Story of the Making of a Navy Pilot, page 89:",
"text": "The Marines and “Coasties” (the nickname for Coast Guard students) were reputed to have good gouge on each class's test. Rumor had it that the Marines had inside information on the questions for the next day's FRR test, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Information."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-noun-LhO-LuZZ",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"Information",
"information"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, military, slang, uncountable) Information."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaʊdʒ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaʊd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gouge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-gouge.ogg/En-us-gouge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-gouge.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊdʒ"
}
],
"word": "gouge"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gouge out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gouger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "gouging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "price gouging"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "price gouge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "regouge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gouge",
"4": "",
"5": "chisel with concave blade; gouge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gouge"
},
"expansion": "Old French gouge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "goia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin goia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*gulbiā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *gulbiā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*gulbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gulbā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gorbia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gorbia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "golb"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton golb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gulba",
"3": "",
"4": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gulba (“beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "goiva"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese goiva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "gilb",
"3": "",
"4": "chisel"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gubia",
"3": "",
"4": "chisel, gouge"
},
"expansion": "Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gylf",
"3": "",
"4": "beak; pointed instrument"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbiā, from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbi, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gouges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gouging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gouged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gouged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gouge (third-person singular simple present gouges, present participle gouging, simple past and past participle gouged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 18 10 4 5 4 2 4 3 25 10 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 6 5 9 7 6 4 16 15 9 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 10 5 7 6 2 6 4 16 11 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 9 6 6 6 1 6 4 17 10 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 10 4 7 5 2 7 7 16 10 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 7 6 7 9 4 6 10 14 11 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 23 6 1 5 2 2 2 18 23 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 12 7 3 10 7 6 5 15 11 10 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 10 5 6 5 1 6 4 17 11 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Japanese and Chinese printers used to gouge characters in wood.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1950, François É[mile] Matthes, “The Domes”, in Fritiof Fryxell, editor, The Incomparable Valley: A Geologic Interpretation of the Yosemite, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 127:",
"text": "Imperfect examples of concave shells are to be seen in the salient of El Capitan, which is itself an imperfect dome, not wholly massive throughout, that has been vigorously gouged by the Yosemite Glacier.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1977 January, Penelope Angell, “Handmade with Care: Woodcarving”, in John A. Linkletter, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 147, number 1, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 94, column 2:",
"text": "Gouges [...] are made of steel that is curved to varying degrees to \"gouge\" out excess wood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Kathleen Cook Waldron, chapter 12, in Kathy Stinson, editor, Between Shadows, Regina, Sask.: Coteau Books, →ISBN, page 48:",
"text": "[W]e simply sit in silence and let the day's events roll around the room like farts in a school cafeteria. Dad breaks the spell when he gets up to retrieve his wood and starts gouging it for all he's worth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-verb-ADpaC5HT",
"links": [
[
"groove",
"groove#Noun"
],
[
"hole",
"hole#Noun"
],
[
"mark",
"mark#Noun"
],
[
"scooping",
"scoop#Verb"
],
[
"gouge",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "engrave"
},
{
"word": "grave"
},
{
"word": "incise"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdǎlbavam",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "издълбавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "lugit"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "kaivaa ulos"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "kovertaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "gouger"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "graver"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "ausstechen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "bohren"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "einschlagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "tīkaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "gohpat"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "żłobić"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolbítʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "долби́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prodolbítʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "продолби́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vydálblivatʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выда́лбливать"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výdolbitʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́долбить"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vybivátʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выбива́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbitʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́бить"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "gravera"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "karva"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "rista"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 4 8 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "urholka"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 17 10 5 7 6 2 6 4 16 11 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 9 6 6 6 1 6 4 17 10 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 19 10 4 7 5 2 7 7 16 10 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 7 6 7 9 4 6 10 14 11 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 23 6 1 5 2 2 2 18 23 16 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 12 7 3 10 7 6 5 15 11 10 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 10 4 6 5 2 6 5 18 11 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 10 5 6 5 1 6 4 17 11 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The company has no competition, so it tends to gouge its customers.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2008 November, William G. White, “The Physician’s Fee: A Historical Reflection”, in Eugene F. Diamond, editor, The Linacre Quarterly: Journal of the Catholic Medical Association, volume 75, number 4, Wynnewood, Pa.: Catholic Medical Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 299:",
"text": "[M]any hospitals have essentially abandoned any serious effort to raise funds from donors. They could, like universities, conduct fund-raising campaigns and establish endowments to cover the shortfall caused by widespread fraud (i.e., the false promise by government and insurance to pay patients' medical expenses), but instead they mercilessly gouge their uninsured patients.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Mia Ross, Sugar Plum Season, New York, N.Y.: Love Inspired Books, Harlequin, →ISBN, page 120:",
"text": "Women like Rachel sail through life wrapping men around their little fingers and gouging them for everything they've got.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-verb-DaZ1u448",
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat#Verb"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"charge",
"charge#Verb"
],
[
"unfairly",
"unfairly"
],
[
"unreasonably",
"unreasonably"
],
[
"high",
"high#Adjective"
],
[
"price",
"price#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defraud"
},
{
"word": "swindle"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 94 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"word": "kiskoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"word": "abzocken"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"word": "schröpfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obdirátʹ",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обдира́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 94 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obodrátʹ",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ободра́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1863 February 7, Henry Hancock, “On the Superiority of [François] Chopart’s Operation and Excision of the Ankle in All Cases Admitting of Their Performance”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet: A Journal of British and Foreign Medicine, Physiology, Surgery, Chemistry, Public Health, Criticism, and News, volume I, number VI (number 2058), London: Published by George Fall, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 143, column 1:",
"text": "The recorded cases in which the constituents of the joint were removed at different times, and those also in which the bones or portions of the bones were gouged away, do not by any means afford satisfactory results.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1909 January 15, Wilfred Lewis, W[illia]m H. Taylor, “The Development of a High-speed Milling Cutter, with Inserted Blades, for High-powered Milling Machines”, in Herbert Page, Armistead Cay, editors, Page’s Weekly: An Illustrated Newspaper Devoted to the Engineering, Shipbuilding Iron and Steel Trades, volume XIV, number 227, London: [Herbert Page], →OCLC, page 112, column 1:",
"text": "In milling, a blade with this irregularity in front slope causes the cutter to drag on one side and gouge on the other.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 November, Robert E[rvin] Howard, “Champ of the Forecastle”, in Jack O’Sullivan, editor, Fight Stories, volume 3, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Fight Stories, Inc., →OCLC; republished in Paul Herman, editor, Waterfront Fists and Others, Holicong, Pa.: Wildside Press, 2003, →ISBN, page 155:",
"text": "He tried to clinch and gouge, but another right hook to the jaw sent him down and out.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Eunice V. Johnson, “Shaping China’s Reform Movements, 1891–1910”, in Carol Lee Hamrin, editor, Timothy Richard’s Vision: Education and Reform in China, 1880–1910 (Studies in Chinese Christianity), Eugene, Or.: Pickwick Publications, Wipf and Stock Publishers, →ISBN, footnote 28, page 63:",
"text": "For some time, Christian missionaries had been falsely accused of kidnaping Chinese children, gouging out their eyes, and killing them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-verb-QOsSW-L2",
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig#Verb"
],
[
"thumb",
"thumb#Noun"
],
[
"push",
"push#Verb"
],
[
"eye",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"socket",
"socket"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻorel",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "փորել"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izbóždam",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избо́ждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izboda",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избода"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabóždam",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "набо́ждам"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naboda",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "набода"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "剮"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "kóa",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "剐"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jué",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "刔"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wā",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "穵"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wā",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "挖"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "gutsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "kerven"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "kovertaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"alt": "えぐる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eguru",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "抉"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"alt": "くりぬく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurinuku",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "刳り貫く"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vykályvatʹ",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выка́лывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výkolotʹ",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́колоть"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwák",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "ควัก"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 2 87 2",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sɛ́",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "แซะ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "éborgner"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "sacar os ollos"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "cavare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "tīkaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vybivátʹ glaz",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выбива́ть глаз"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbitʹ glaz",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́бить глаз"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "iskopati"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "izbiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 96 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "trycka (ut ögat på någon)"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1819, “Blocks”, in Abraham Rees, editor, The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature. [...] In Thirty-nine Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Blocks are alſo pieces of wood belonging to ſhips, in which the ſhivers, or ſheaves, of pullies are placed, and wherein the running ropes go. [...] The blocks are then jambed up edgeways with wedges in a clave, and the ſheave-holes are made in this manner: the length and breadth are firſt gouged out, and holes are bored half way through the block, along the part gouged out, with an augre of the ſize of the ſheave-hole; then the ſheave-hole is gouged and bored on the oppoſite ſide in the ſame manner, ſo as to meet the oppoſite holes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use a gouge."
],
"id": "en-gouge-en-verb-P0cfUKvk",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To use a gouge."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaʊdʒ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaʊd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gouge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-gouge.ogg/En-us-gouge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-gouge.ogg"
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{
"rhymes": "-aʊdʒ"
}
],
"word": "gouge"
}
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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"3": "gouge",
"4": "",
"5": "",
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"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
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"tr": "",
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},
"expansion": "Old French gouge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "fro",
"3": "gouge"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French gouge",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "gulbia"
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"expansion": "Latin gulbia",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gubia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gubia",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "eu",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Basque",
"name": "uder"
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French gouge, from Latin gulbia (Late Latin gubia), of Gaulish or Basque origins.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gouges",
"tags": [
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]
}
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 24 18 5 20 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "fr:Tools",
"parents": [
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"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-gouge-fr-noun-Yp2dFeF8",
"links": [
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"gouge#English"
]
],
"tags": [
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},
{
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"_dis": "12 24 18 5 20 22",
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-gouge-fr-noun-jqZP7XWa",
"links": [
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],
"tags": [
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{
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],
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],
"id": "en-gouge-fr-noun-9t-x5zLq",
"links": [
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"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) female servant"
],
"tags": [
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"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They can also be compared to this inn, / Hope to the starved, where in the night knock, / Injured, broken, cursing, begging to be lodged, / The schoolboy, the prelate, the prostitute and the soldier.",
"ref": "1857, Charles Baudelaire, Bribes - Damnation:",
"text": "On peut les comparer encore à cette auberge, / Espoir des affamés, où cognent sur le tard, / Blessés, brisés, jurant, priant qu’on les héberge, / L’écolier, le prélat, la gouge et le soudard.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prostitute"
],
"id": "en-gouge-fr-noun-um-wGpPt",
"links": [
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) prostitute"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡuʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-gouge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-uʒ"
}
],
"word": "gouge"
}
{
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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},
"expansion": "Old French gouge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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[
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],
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"form": "gouge oblique singular or",
"tags": [
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"feminine"
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},
{
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[
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"Rhymes:English/aʊdʒ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Malagasy translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Tools"
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"word": "fault gouge"
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{
"word": "gouge bit"
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{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
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{
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{
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},
{
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "sup"
}
],
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"tags": [
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}
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],
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{
"ref": "1823, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter VIII, in The Pioneers, or The Sources of the Susquehanna; […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: Charles Wiley; […], →OCLC, page 118:",
"text": "The \"steeple\" was a little cupola, reared on the very centre of the roof, on four tall pillars of pine, that were fluted with a gouge, and loaded with mouldings.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1842 January 22, “On Printing Posting-bills”, in The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, volume XI (New Series), number 626, London: Charles Knight & Co., →OCLC, page 30, column 2:",
"text": "The cutting [of letter blocks] is effected by chisels and gouges of the usual kinds, and is the work of a class of artizans called 'Wood letter Cutters,' or 'Wood-type Cutters.'",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1922 August, H. Hambley Tregoning, “A Model 18-Footer Yacht, and How to Build and Sail Her”, in The Boy’s Own Paper, volume XLV, part 10, London: “Boy’s Own Paper” Office, […], →OCLC, page 697, column 1:",
"text": "Now hollow out the inside of the boat with a gouge or gouges. (\"Firmer\" gouges, ground on the outside of the curve, are used. \"Paring\" gouges are useless.)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1985 April, Rosario Capotosto, “Become a Woodturning Expert: Part One”, in John A. Linkletter, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 162, number 4, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 104, column 2:",
"text": "The six most common woodturning tools you should know about are: gouge, skew, parting tool, spear-point, round-nose, and flat-nose. The gouge is a hollow, round-nose chisel used to rough-cut blanks into cylinders and for making cove cuts. Gouges can be used for cutting or scraping.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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],
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[
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[
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],
[
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[
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[
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],
[
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"hole#Noun"
],
[
"wood",
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],
[
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]
],
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},
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{
"ref": "1835, John Andrews Arnett [pseudonym; John Hannett], “Combination of Tools”, in Bibliopegia; or, The Art of Bookbinding, in All Its Branches. […], London: Richard Groombridge; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; Dublin: W. F. Wakeman; New York, N.Y.: W. Jackson, →OCLC, part II (Of Finishing), page 128:",
"text": "In plate II. are design for two backs of books. The first figure, which presents an appearance of exceeding richness, is executed with one sole tool, viz. No. 10, and a small gouge for the sides of the lettering-piece.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Senses relating to cutting tools.",
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],
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"tool#Noun"
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"ref": "[1875, Edward H[enry] Knight, “Gouge”, in Knight’s American Mechanical Dictionary: […], volumes II (Ena–Pan), New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 997, column 1:",
"text": "Gouge. […] A shaped incising-tool used for cutting out forms or blanks for gloves, envelopes, or other objects cut to a shape from fabric, leather, or paper.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"An incising tool that cuts blanks or forms for envelopes, gloves, etc., from leather, paper, or other materials."
],
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[
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],
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"blank#Noun"
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[
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"envelope"
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[
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],
[
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[
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[
"materials",
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],
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"countable",
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]
},
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"English terms with usage examples"
],
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{
"text": "The nail left a deep gouge in the tire.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1878 April, “How Lead-pencils are Made”, in J[osiah] G[ilbert] Holland, editor, Scribner’s Monthly, an Illustrated Magazine for the People, volume XV, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Scribner & Co., […], →OCLC, page 808:",
"text": "The planing-machine, on the contrary, uses revolving knives, which make a succession of little gouges in the wood; these gouges, which would otherwise leave the surface very irregular, are made to leave it tolerably smooth by following one another so closely that the gouges become one long gouge or cut; [...]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Stephanie Butland, Letters to My Husband, London: Black Swan, Transworld Publishers, →ISBN, page 250:",
"text": "He makes himself look at his daughter's changing body the way he might look at a gouge on his own leg, forcing himself to examine every detail until he's not looking at a horror but a fact; something that needs fixing.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Brian Staveley, chapter 4, in The Providence of Fire (Chronicle of the Unhewn Throne; book 2), London: Tor, →ISBN, page 60:",
"text": "He squinted through frozen lashes, trying to make better sense of the valley beneath him, a gouge running east to west, so deep and narrow he could only see the bottom when they passed directly overhead.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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"cut#Noun"
],
[
"groove",
"groove"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp#Adjective"
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],
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"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"An act of gouging."
],
"links": [
[
"gouging",
"#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(originally US, colloquial) An act of gouging."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"A cheat, a fraud; an imposition."
],
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"cheat#Noun"
],
[
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"fraud"
],
[
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],
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"(slang) A cheat, a fraud; an imposition."
],
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{
"word": "swindle"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"An impostor."
],
"links": [
[
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"impostor"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) An impostor."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Mining"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond, “Giant Powder and Common Powder”, in The Mines of the West: A Report to the Secretary of the Treasury, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company […], →OCLC, page 34:",
"text": "At some of the mines on the great Mother Lode, where hundreds of tons are not unfrequently thrown down at a blast, and where a wide, soft \"gouge\" along one wall enables the minder to keep two or three sides of the rock free, and give the powder the greatest opportunity to \"lift\" without waste of power, the cost of drilling and blasting per ton is so low that a reduction of one-third, even if it could be made, would not greatly affect the general count; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930, Edward Wilber Berry, “Systematic Descriptions”, in Revision of the Lower Eocene Wilcox Flora of the Southeastern States: With Descriptions of New Species, Chiefly from Tennessee and Kentucky ([United States] Geological Survey Professional Paper; 156), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 83, column 1:",
"text": "The geologic relations seen at the surface continue underground, but in addition 5 to 10 feet of gouge, dipping 68°E, is found to separate the serpentine from the ore zone. The gouge is not sufficiently resistant to erosion to crop out. […] A \"bull\" quartz vein occurs in places along the contact of the gouge and the ore zone. It does not constitute ore.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein of ore."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
],
[
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"soft"
],
[
"lying",
"lie#Verb"
],
[
"wall",
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],
[
"vein",
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],
[
"solid",
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],
[
"ore",
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) Soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein of ore."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Military"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005, Jay A. Stout, To Be a U.S. Naval Aviator, page 63:",
"text": "As all naval aviators have learned at one time or another in their careers, “There's plenty of bad gouge out there,\" and it has, does, and will get the unwary fliers in trouble.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Douglas Waller, Air Warriors: The Inside Story of the Making of a Navy Pilot, page 89:",
"text": "The Marines and “Coasties” (the nickname for Coast Guard students) were reputed to have good gouge on each class's test. Rumor had it that the Marines had inside information on the questions for the next day's FRR test, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Information."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"Information",
"information"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, military, slang, uncountable) Information."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"slang",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
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"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaʊdʒ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaʊd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
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]
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"audio": "en-us-gouge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-gouge.ogg/En-us-gouge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-gouge.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊdʒ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "krǎstat sekač",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кръстат секач"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gúbia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "koverrin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gouge"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gubia"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esgubia"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "saṭexi",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "სატეხი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Grabstichel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hohlbeitel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Hohlmeißel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Stichel"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "rukhānī",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "रुखानी"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sgorbia"
},
{
"alt": "まるのみ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "marunomi",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "丸鑿"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gulbia"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "famoalaka"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "oluk",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "اولق"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "iskene",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "اسكنه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"word": "جبر"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "goiva"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "polukrugloje doloto",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "полукруглое долото"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gubia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "håljärn"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hålmejsel"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "svarvjärn"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skölp"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "North Wales Welsh",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cŷn crwn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "South Wales Welsh",
"sense": "chisel with a curved blade",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gaing gau"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žleb",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жлеб"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "uurros"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "uurre"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ura"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gougeure"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rainure"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣari",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ღარი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "amonaɣebi",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ამონაღები"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "poso",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ფოსო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣrmuli",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ღრმული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣru",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ღრუ"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ɣari",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ღარი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Furche"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rille"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kharíts",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "חתך"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"word": "ranhura"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žólob",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жёлоб"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výjemka",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "вы́емка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "groove",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ranura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "cut",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cut or groove",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "surco"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "(mining) soft material lying between the wall of a vein and the solid vein",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "harina"
}
],
"word": "gouge"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Gaulish",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊdʒ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊdʒ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Malagasy translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gouge out"
},
{
"word": "gouger"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "gouging"
},
{
"word": "price gouging"
},
{
"word": "price gouge"
},
{
"word": "regouge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gouge",
"4": "",
"5": "chisel with concave blade; gouge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gouge"
},
"expansion": "Old French gouge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "goia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin goia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "*gulbiā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish *gulbiā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*gulbā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *gulbā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "gorbia"
},
"expansion": "Italian gorbia",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "golb"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton golb",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gulba",
"3": "",
"4": "beak"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gulba (“beak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "goiva"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese goiva",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "gilb",
"3": "",
"4": "chisel"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "gubia",
"3": "",
"4": "chisel, gouge"
},
"expansion": "Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gylf",
"3": "",
"4": "beak; pointed instrument"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹",
"name": "sup"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gouge (“chisel with concave blade; gouge”), from Old French gouge, goi (“gouge”), from Late Latin goia, gubia, gulbia (“chisel; piercer”), borrowed from Gaulish *gulbiā, from Proto-Celtic *gulbā, *gulbi, *gulbīnos (“beak, bill”). The English word is cognate with Italian gorbia, gubbia (“ferrule”), Old Breton golb, Old Irish gulba (“beak”), Portuguese goiva, Scottish Gaelic gilb (“chisel”), Spanish gubia (“chisel, gouge”), Welsh gylf (“beak; pointed instrument”), gylyf (“sickle”).\nThe verb is derived from the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gouges",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gouging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gouged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gouged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gouge (third-person singular simple present gouges, present participle gouging, simple past and past participle gouged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Japanese and Chinese printers used to gouge characters in wood.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1950, François É[mile] Matthes, “The Domes”, in Fritiof Fryxell, editor, The Incomparable Valley: A Geologic Interpretation of the Yosemite, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 127:",
"text": "Imperfect examples of concave shells are to be seen in the salient of El Capitan, which is itself an imperfect dome, not wholly massive throughout, that has been vigorously gouged by the Yosemite Glacier.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1977 January, Penelope Angell, “Handmade with Care: Woodcarving”, in John A. Linkletter, editor, Popular Mechanics, volume 147, number 1, New York, N.Y.: The Hearst Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 94, column 2:",
"text": "Gouges [...] are made of steel that is curved to varying degrees to \"gouge\" out excess wood.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015, Kathleen Cook Waldron, chapter 12, in Kathy Stinson, editor, Between Shadows, Regina, Sask.: Coteau Books, →ISBN, page 48:",
"text": "[W]e simply sit in silence and let the day's events roll around the room like farts in a school cafeteria. Dad breaks the spell when he gets up to retrieve his wood and starts gouging it for all he's worth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge."
],
"links": [
[
"groove",
"groove#Noun"
],
[
"hole",
"hole#Noun"
],
[
"mark",
"mark#Noun"
],
[
"scooping",
"scoop#Verb"
],
[
"gouge",
"#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "engrave"
},
{
"word": "grave"
},
{
"word": "incise"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The company has no competition, so it tends to gouge its customers.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2008 November, William G. White, “The Physician’s Fee: A Historical Reflection”, in Eugene F. Diamond, editor, The Linacre Quarterly: Journal of the Catholic Medical Association, volume 75, number 4, Wynnewood, Pa.: Catholic Medical Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 299:",
"text": "[M]any hospitals have essentially abandoned any serious effort to raise funds from donors. They could, like universities, conduct fund-raising campaigns and establish endowments to cover the shortfall caused by widespread fraud (i.e., the false promise by government and insurance to pay patients' medical expenses), but instead they mercilessly gouge their uninsured patients.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Mia Ross, Sugar Plum Season, New York, N.Y.: Love Inspired Books, Harlequin, →ISBN, page 120:",
"text": "Women like Rachel sail through life wrapping men around their little fingers and gouging them for everything they've got.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price."
],
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat#Verb"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"charge",
"charge#Verb"
],
[
"unfairly",
"unfairly"
],
[
"unreasonably",
"unreasonably"
],
[
"high",
"high#Adjective"
],
[
"price",
"price#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To cheat or impose upon; in particular, to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defraud"
},
{
"word": "swindle"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1863 February 7, Henry Hancock, “On the Superiority of [François] Chopart’s Operation and Excision of the Ankle in All Cases Admitting of Their Performance”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet: A Journal of British and Foreign Medicine, Physiology, Surgery, Chemistry, Public Health, Criticism, and News, volume I, number VI (number 2058), London: Published by George Fall, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 143, column 1:",
"text": "The recorded cases in which the constituents of the joint were removed at different times, and those also in which the bones or portions of the bones were gouged away, do not by any means afford satisfactory results.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1909 January 15, Wilfred Lewis, W[illia]m H. Taylor, “The Development of a High-speed Milling Cutter, with Inserted Blades, for High-powered Milling Machines”, in Herbert Page, Armistead Cay, editors, Page’s Weekly: An Illustrated Newspaper Devoted to the Engineering, Shipbuilding Iron and Steel Trades, volume XIV, number 227, London: [Herbert Page], →OCLC, page 112, column 1:",
"text": "In milling, a blade with this irregularity in front slope causes the cutter to drag on one side and gouge on the other.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1930 November, Robert E[rvin] Howard, “Champ of the Forecastle”, in Jack O’Sullivan, editor, Fight Stories, volume 3, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Fight Stories, Inc., →OCLC; republished in Paul Herman, editor, Waterfront Fists and Others, Holicong, Pa.: Wildside Press, 2003, →ISBN, page 155:",
"text": "He tried to clinch and gouge, but another right hook to the jaw sent him down and out.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, Eunice V. Johnson, “Shaping China’s Reform Movements, 1891–1910”, in Carol Lee Hamrin, editor, Timothy Richard’s Vision: Education and Reform in China, 1880–1910 (Studies in Chinese Christianity), Eugene, Or.: Pickwick Publications, Wipf and Stock Publishers, →ISBN, footnote 28, page 63:",
"text": "For some time, Christian missionaries had been falsely accused of kidnaping Chinese children, gouging out their eyes, and killing them.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket."
],
"links": [
[
"dig",
"dig#Verb"
],
[
"thumb",
"thumb#Noun"
],
[
"push",
"push#Verb"
],
[
"eye",
"eye#Noun"
],
[
"socket",
"socket"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1819, “Blocks”, in Abraham Rees, editor, The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences and Literature. [...] In Thirty-nine Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Blocks are alſo pieces of wood belonging to ſhips, in which the ſhivers, or ſheaves, of pullies are placed, and wherein the running ropes go. [...] The blocks are then jambed up edgeways with wedges in a clave, and the ſheave-holes are made in this manner: the length and breadth are firſt gouged out, and holes are bored half way through the block, along the part gouged out, with an augre of the ſize of the ſheave-hole; then the ſheave-hole is gouged and bored on the oppoſite ſide in the ſame manner, ſo as to meet the oppoſite holes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use a gouge."
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To use a gouge."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡaʊdʒ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡaʊd͡ʒ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gouge.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9b/En-us-gouge.ogg/En-us-gouge.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/En-us-gouge.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊdʒ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdǎlbavam",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "издълбавам"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "lugit"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "kaivaa ulos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "kovertaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "gouger"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "graver"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "ausstechen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "bohren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "einschlagen"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "tīkaro"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "gohpat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "żłobić"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolbítʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "долби́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prodolbítʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "продолби́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vydálblivatʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выда́лбливать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výdolbitʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́долбить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vybivátʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выбива́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbitʹ",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́бить"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "gravera"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "karva"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "rista"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping",
"word": "urholka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"word": "kiskoa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"word": "abzocken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"word": "schröpfen"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obdirátʹ",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обдира́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obodrátʹ",
"sense": "to charge an unfairly or unreasonably high price",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ободра́ть"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻorel",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "փորել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izbóždam",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "избо́ждам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izboda",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "избода"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nabóždam",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "набо́ждам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "naboda",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "набода"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "剮"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "kóa",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "剐"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jué",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "刔"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wā",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "穵"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wā",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "挖"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "gutsen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "kerven"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "kovertaa"
},
{
"alt": "えぐる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "eguru",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "抉"
},
{
"alt": "くりぬく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurinuku",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "刳り貫く"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vykályvatʹ",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выка́лывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výkolotʹ",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́колоть"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwák",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "ควัก"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sɛ́",
"sense": "To dig or scoop (something) out",
"word": "แซะ"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "éborgner"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "sacar os ollos"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "cavare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "tīkaro"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vybivátʹ glaz",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "выбива́ть глаз"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "výbitʹ glaz",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "вы́бить глаз"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "iskopati"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "izbiti"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to push or try to push the eye out of its socket",
"word": "trycka (ut ögat på någon)"
}
],
"word": "gouge"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Basque",
"French terms derived from Gaulish",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French undefined derivations",
"French verb forms",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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"fr:Tools"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gouge",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French gouge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gouge"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French gouge",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "gulbia"
},
"expansion": "Latin gulbia",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gubia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gubia",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "eu",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Basque",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French gouge, from Latin gulbia (Late Latin gubia), of Gaulish or Basque origins.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gouges",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gouge f (plural gouges)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gouge (groove)"
],
"links": [
[
"gouge",
"gouge#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"gouge (tool)"
],
"links": [
[
"gouge",
"gouge#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"female servant"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) female servant"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with archaic senses",
"French terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "They can also be compared to this inn, / Hope to the starved, where in the night knock, / Injured, broken, cursing, begging to be lodged, / The schoolboy, the prelate, the prostitute and the soldier.",
"ref": "1857, Charles Baudelaire, Bribes - Damnation:",
"text": "On peut les comparer encore à cette auberge, / Espoir des affamés, où cognent sur le tard, / Blessés, brisés, jurant, priant qu’on les héberge, / L’écolier, le prélat, la gouge et le soudard.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prostitute"
],
"links": [
[
"prostitute",
"prostitute"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) prostitute"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡuʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-gouge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʒ"
}
],
"word": "gouge"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Basque",
"French terms derived from Gaulish",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French undefined derivations",
"French verb forms",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:French/uʒ",
"fr:Tools"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gouge",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French gouge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "gouge"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French gouge",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "gulbia"
},
"expansion": "Latin gulbia",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gubia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gubia",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cel-gau",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "eu",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Basque",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French gouge, from Latin gulbia (Late Latin gubia), of Gaulish or Basque origins.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "gouge",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gouger"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of gouger:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"gouger",
"gouger#French"
]
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "gouger"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of gouger:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"gouger",
"gouger#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡuʒ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-gouge.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-gouge.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uʒ"
}
],
"word": "gouge"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gouge"
},
"expansion": "English: gouge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: gouge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gouge"
},
"expansion": "French: gouge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gouge"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "gubia"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin gubia",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "gulbia"
},
"expansion": "Latin gulbia",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Latin gubia, from Latin gulbia.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gouge oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "gouges",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gouge",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gouges",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "gouge oblique singular, f (oblique plural gouges, nominative singular gouge, nominative plural gouges)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"gouge (tool)"
],
"links": [
[
"gouge",
"gouge#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old French derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"woman"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly derogatory) woman"
],
"tags": [
"derogatory"
]
}
],
"word": "gouge"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gouge meaning in All languages combined (46.7kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'gouge oblique singular or', originally 'gouge oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"gouge"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gouge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'gouge oblique singular or', originally 'gouge oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"gouge"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gouge",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'gouge oblique singular or' in 'gouge oblique singular, f (oblique plural gouges, nominative singular gouge, nominative plural gouges)'",
"path": [
"gouge"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gouge",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.