See confound on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "baffound"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "confoundable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "confoundation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "confounding variable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "confound it"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "confoundment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "deconfound"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dumbfound"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reconfound"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unconfound"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰewd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "confounden",
"t": "destroy, ruin, perplex"
},
"expansion": "Middle English confounden (“destroy, ruin, perplex”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "cunfundre"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman cunfundre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "confondre"
},
"expansion": "Old French confondre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "confundō",
"t": "to mingle, mix together"
},
"expansion": "Latin confundō (“to mingle, mix together”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English confounden (“destroy, ruin, perplex”), from Anglo-Norman cunfundre and Old French confondre, from Latin confundō (“to mingle, mix together”). Related to found (“to melt (metals in a foundry)”) (but not to found (“to start”), nor to find) and to fusion.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "confounds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "confounding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "confounded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "confounded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "confound (third-person singular simple present confounds, present participle confounding, simple past and past participle confounded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"con‧found"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1830, Joseph Smith, Jr., Book of Mormon: Ether, i, 34:",
"text": "And the brother of Jared being a large and mighty man, and a man highly favored of the Lord, Jared, his brother, said unto him: Cry unto the Lord, that he will not confound us that we may not understand our words.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 June 29, Kevin Mitchell, “Roger Federer back from Wimbledon 2012 brink to beat Julien Benneteau”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2016-11-15:",
"text": "The fightback when it came was in the [Roger] Federer fashion: unfussy, filled with classy strokes from the back with perfectly timed interventions at the net that confounded his opponent. The third set passed in a bit of a blur, the fourth, which led to the second tie-break, was the most dramatic of the match.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To perplex or puzzle."
],
"id": "en-confound-en-verb-Zb3AUDpS",
"links": [
[
"perplex",
"perplex"
],
[
"puzzle",
"puzzle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "puzzle"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 1 7 1 2 3 2 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to perplex or puzzle",
"word": "verwirren"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 1 7 1 2 3 2 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to perplex or puzzle",
"word": "verblüffen"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To stun or amaze."
],
"id": "en-confound-en-verb--GgUrv3z",
"links": [
[
"stun",
"stun"
],
[
"amaze",
"amaze"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 86 4 1 2 2 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stun or amaze",
"word": "in Erstaunen versetzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 86 4 1 2 2 1 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stun or amaze",
"word": "verblüffen"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1651 (Latin edition 1642), Thomas Hobbes, De Cive (Latin title) Philosophicall Rudiments Concerning Government and Society (English),\nHey who lesse seriously consider the force of words, doe sometimes confound Law with Counsell, sometimes with Covenant, sometimes with Right. They confound Law with Counsell, who think, that it is the duty of Monarchs not onely to give ear to their Counsellours, but also to obey them, as though it were in vaine to take Counsell, unlesse it were also followed."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fail to see the difference; to mix up; to confuse right and wrong."
],
"id": "en-confound-en-verb-fAOhsJZP",
"links": [
[
"difference",
"difference"
],
[
"right",
"right"
],
[
"wrong",
"wrong"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "confuse"
},
{
"word": "mix up"
},
{
"word": "confuse"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obǎrkvam",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "обърквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "slisvam",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "слисвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to confuse",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zamlžit"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to confuse",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mást"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "verwarren"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "hämmästyttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "saattaa hämilleen"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "verwirren"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "durcheinanderbringen"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "rugla"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "forvirre"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "confondre"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "borrolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "mesclar"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "confundir"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "încurca"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbivátʹ s tolku",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "сбива́ть с толку"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "confundir"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "barahustar"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "barajustar"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "şaşırtmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "kafasını karıştırmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "13 5 56 1 7 14 2 1 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "afallatmak"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 77 1 3 7 2 0 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obǎrkvam",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "обърквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 77 1 3 7 2 0 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "sekoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 77 1 3 7 2 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "verwechseln"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 77 1 3 7 2 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "durcheinanderbringen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 77 1 3 7 2 0 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "confondre"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 77 1 3 7 2 0 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "borrolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 77 1 3 7 2 0 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "trebolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 77 1 3 7 2 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pútatʹ",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "пу́тать"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 2 77 1 3 7 2 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smešivatʹ",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "смешивать"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Don't confound the situation by yelling.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1983, Carol M. Anderson, Susan Stewart, Mastering Resistance: A Practical Guide to Family Therapy:",
"text": "While she had obeyed him, smiling sweetly all the time, she had nursed a growing resentment of what she called his \"Latin American macho attitude.\" To confound the problem, his mother, who lived with them on and off, was described by the wife as being as domineering as her son.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make something worse."
],
"id": "en-confound-en-verb-85VlQ~r1",
"raw_glosses": [
"(sometimes proscribed) To make something worse."
],
"tags": [
"proscribed",
"sometimes"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlošavam",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "влошавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zhoršit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "verschlimmern"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "verschlechtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "gera vont verra"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "bæta gráu ofan á svart"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "akhwahada",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "악화하다"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "empejorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "piorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uxudšatʹ",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "ухудшать"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "empeorar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "ciddileştirmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 3 85 4 3 2 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "kötüleştirmek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, Coryat, Crudities, volume I, page 195:",
"text": "There the freſh and ſalt water would meete and be confounded together, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To combine in a confused fashion; to mingle so as to make the parts indistinguishable."
],
"id": "en-confound-en-verb-tiK1BqBO",
"links": [
[
"combine",
"combine"
],
[
"mingle",
"mingle"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His actions confounded the skeptics.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to be ashamed; to abash."
],
"id": "en-confound-en-verb-jMsvNVJD",
"links": [
[
"ashamed",
"ashamed"
],
[
"abash",
"abash"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaḵzā",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "أَخْزَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zasramvam",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "засрамвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "hontigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "beschämen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "niðurlægja"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "confondre"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "desontir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "desvergonhar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "posramljatʹ",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "посрамлять"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 2 1 1 91 1 0 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "utandırmak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 1:27:",
"text": "But God hath choſen the fooliſh things of the woꝛld, to confound the wiſe: and God hath choſen the weake things of the woꝛld, to confound the things which are mighty:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "a. 1745, unknown author, “God Save the King”, in The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 15, page 552:",
"text": "O Lord our God ariſe, / Scatter his enemies, / And make them fall: / Confound their politics, / Fruſtrate their knaviſh tricks, / On him our hopes we fix, / O ſave us all.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"text": "1848 February 12, John Mitchel, The United Irishman, Letter to Lord Clarendon,\nI am now, in order the better to confound your politics, going to give you a true account of the means we intend to use, and of the rules, signs, and pass-words of our new United Irish Society Lodge A. 1.—They are so simple that you will never believe them."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defeat, to frustrate, to thwart."
],
"id": "en-confound-en-verb-G~NssJ~L",
"links": [
[
"defeat",
"defeat"
],
[
"frustrate",
"frustrate"
],
[
"thwart",
"thwart"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 1 5 81 1 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "verslaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 1 5 81 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "besiegen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 1 5 81 1 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "durchkreuzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 1 5 81 1 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "sigra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 1 5 81 1 3",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "confondre"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 1 5 81 1 3",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "despoderar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 4 2 1 5 81 1 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "yenmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 7 4 2 7 68 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "slisvam",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "слисвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 7 4 2 7 68 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šaškam",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "шашкам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 7 4 2 7 68 2 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "durchkreuzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 7 4 2 7 68 2 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "ergja"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 3 7 4 2 7 68 2 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "boşa çıkarmak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Confound you!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Confound the lady!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1882, Arthur Conan Doyle, “My Friend the Murderer”, in The Gully of Bluemansdyke and Other Stories:",
"text": "\"Number 43 is no better, Doctor,\" said the head-warder, in a slightly reproachful accent, looking in round the corner of my door.\n\"Confound 43!\" I responded from behind the pages of the Australian Sketcher.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "[1877], Anna Sewell, “A Strike for Liberty”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part II, page 107:",
"text": "\"Confound these bearing reins!\" he said to himself; \"I thought we should have some mischief soon—master will be sorely vexed;[…]\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To damn (a mild oath)."
],
"id": "en-confound-en-verb-OAYyjznN",
"links": [
[
"damn",
"damn"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) To damn (a mild oath)."
],
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proklinam",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "проклинам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "kirota"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "verfluchen"
},
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"ref": "1983, Carol M. Anderson, Susan Stewart, Mastering Resistance: A Practical Guide to Family Therapy:",
"text": "While she had obeyed him, smiling sweetly all the time, she had nursed a growing resentment of what she called his \"Latin American macho attitude.\" To confound the problem, his mother, who lived with them on and off, was described by the wife as being as domineering as her son.",
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"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 1:27:",
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"ref": "a. 1745, unknown author, “God Save the King”, in The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 15, page 552:",
"text": "O Lord our God ariſe, / Scatter his enemies, / And make them fall: / Confound their politics, / Fruſtrate their knaviſh tricks, / On him our hopes we fix, / O ſave us all.",
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"text": "1848 February 12, John Mitchel, The United Irishman, Letter to Lord Clarendon,\nI am now, in order the better to confound your politics, going to give you a true account of the means we intend to use, and of the rules, signs, and pass-words of our new United Irish Society Lodge A. 1.—They are so simple that you will never believe them."
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to perplex or puzzle",
"word": "verwirren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to perplex or puzzle",
"word": "verblüffen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stun or amaze",
"word": "in Erstaunen versetzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to stun or amaze",
"word": "verblüffen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obǎrkvam",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "обърквам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "slisvam",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "слисвам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to confuse",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zamlžit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to confuse",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "mást"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "verwarren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "hämmästyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "saattaa hämilleen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "verwirren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "durcheinanderbringen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "rugla"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "forvirre"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "confondre"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "borrolar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "mesclar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "confundir"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "încurca"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbivátʹ s tolku",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "сбива́ть с толку"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "confundir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "barahustar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "barajustar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "şaşırtmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "kafasını karıştırmak"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to confuse",
"word": "afallatmak"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obǎrkvam",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "обърквам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "sekoittaa"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "verwechseln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "durcheinanderbringen"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "confondre"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "borrolar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "trebolar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pútatʹ",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "пу́тать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smešivatʹ",
"sense": "to confuse right and wrong",
"word": "смешивать"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vlošavam",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "влошавам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zhoršit"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "verschlimmern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "verschlechtern"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "gera vont verra"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "bæta gráu ofan á svart"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "akhwahada",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "악화하다"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "empejorar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "piorar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "uxudšatʹ",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "ухудшать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "empeorar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "ciddileştirmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make something worse",
"word": "kötüleştirmek"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaḵzā",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "أَخْزَى"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zasramvam",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "засрамвам"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "hontigi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "beschämen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "niðurlægja"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "confondre"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "desontir"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "desvergonhar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "desontir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "posramljatʹ",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "посрамлять"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to cause to be ashamed",
"word": "utandırmak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "verslaan"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "besiegen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "durchkreuzen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "sigra"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "confondre"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "despoderar"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to defeat",
"word": "yenmek"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proklinam",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "проклинам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "kirota"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "verfluchen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "verdammen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "mild oath",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "zum Kuckuck wünschen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "bölva"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "maldire"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "escumenjar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "escomenjar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "proklinátʹ",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "проклина́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "fördöma"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to damn",
"word": "kahretmek"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "slisvam",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "слисвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šaškam",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "шашкам"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "durchkreuzen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "ergja"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to frustrate",
"word": "boşa çıkarmak"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osuetjavam",
"sense": "to bring to ruination",
"word": "осуетявам"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bring to ruination",
"word": "zunichte machen"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to bring to ruination",
"word": "eyðilegga"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to bring to ruination",
"word": "eyða"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to bring to ruination",
"word": "yıkmak"
}
],
"word": "confound"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰewd-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd",
"Rhymes:English/aʊnd/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰewd-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "confounden",
"t": "destroy, ruin, perplex"
},
"expansion": "Middle English confounden (“destroy, ruin, perplex”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "cunfundre"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman cunfundre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "confondre"
},
"expansion": "Old French confondre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "confundō",
"t": "to mingle, mix together"
},
"expansion": "Latin confundō (“to mingle, mix together”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English confounden (“destroy, ruin, perplex”), from Anglo-Norman cunfundre and Old French confondre, from Latin confundō (“to mingle, mix together”). Related to found (“to melt (metals in a foundry)”) (but not to found (“to start”), nor to find) and to fusion.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "confounds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "confound (plural confounds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"con‧found"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Statistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, C. James Goodwin, Research In Psychology: Methods and Design, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 175:",
"text": "The participants certainly differ in how their practice is distributed (1, 2, or 3 days), but they also differ in how much total practice they get (3, 6, or 9 hours). This is a perfect example of a confound—it is impossible to tell if the results are due to one factor (distribution of practice) or the other (total practice hours); the two factors covary perfectly.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A confounding variable."
],
"links": [
[
"statistics",
"statistics"
],
[
"confounding",
"confounding"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(statistics) A confounding variable."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "confounder"
}
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"statistics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kənˈfaʊnd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-confound.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/En-us-confound.ogg/En-us-confound.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/En-us-confound.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊnd"
}
],
"word": "confound"
}
Download raw JSONL data for confound meaning in All languages combined (21.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.