See cog on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cog meaning in All languages combined (50.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cog fog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cog joint"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cog mill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cograil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cog railway"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cogwheel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hunting cog"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cogge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "",
"4": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian kugg (“cog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "kugg, kugge",
"4": "cog, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kogge",
"3": "",
"4": "cogboat"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kogge (“cogboat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kock"
},
"expansion": "German Kock",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gugā",
"4": "",
"5": "hump, ball"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gugà",
"3": "",
"4": "pommel, hump, hill"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gēw-",
"3": "",
"4": "to bend, arch"
},
"expansion": "*gēw- (“to bend, arch”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).\nThe meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (plural cogs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A tooth on a gear."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-noun-7lZRSxn-",
"links": [
[
"tooth",
"tooth"
],
[
"gear",
"gear"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zubjéc",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зубе́ц"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zǎbéc",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зъбе́ц"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dent"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "齒"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǐ",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "齿"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zub"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tand"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tandwieltand"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "dento"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "hammas"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dent"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dente"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macho"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zahn"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "fog"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"alt": "は",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ha",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "歯"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "i",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "이"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tomni",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "톱니"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zapče",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "запче"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "nihowhiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "tannhjul"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zak"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ząb"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dente"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zubéc",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зубе́ц"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fiacaill"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "зу́бац"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "zúbac"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zub"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diente"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kugge"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tand"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "fan-fʉʉang",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "ฟันเฟือง"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "diş"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 16 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zubécʹ",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зубе́ць"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gear; a cogwheel."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-noun-lDkG09ta",
"links": [
[
"gear",
"gear"
],
[
"cogwheel",
"cogwheel"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1976, Norman Denny (English translation), Victor Hugo (original French), Les Misérables\n‘There are twenty-five of us, but they don’t reckon I’m worth anything. I’m just a cog in the machine.’"
},
{
"text": "1988, David Mamet, Speed-the-Plow\nYour boss tells you “take initiative,” you best guess right—and you do, then you get no credit. Day-in, … smiling, smiling, just a cog."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An unimportant individual in a greater system."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-noun-XVkGhNKN",
"links": [
[
"unimportant",
"unimportant"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peó"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "radertje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"word": "ratas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badanas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "niquifate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "belanxín"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rädchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotellina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "víntik",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́нтик"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mélkaja sóška",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ме́лкая со́шка"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "зупчаничић"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "шрафић"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "zupčaničić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "šrafić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 88 8 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kugge"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Carpentry",
"orig": "en:Carpentry",
"parents": [
"Construction",
"Woodworking",
"Architecture",
"Engineering",
"Crafts",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Technology",
"Society",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-noun-OM7Ee8gl",
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"projection",
"projection"
],
[
"tenon",
"tenon"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 94 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cápfa",
"sense": "carpentry: a projection or tenon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ца́пфа"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "carpentry: a projection or tenon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zapfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 94 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "carpentry: a projection or tenon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "féder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 94 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "carpentry: a projection or tenon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "фе́дер"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mining",
"orig": "en:Mining",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-noun-6tBsCKHi",
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cogge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "",
"4": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian kugg (“cog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "kugg, kugge",
"4": "cog, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kogge",
"3": "",
"4": "cogboat"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kogge (“cogboat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kock"
},
"expansion": "German Kock",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gugā",
"4": "",
"5": "hump, ball"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gugà",
"3": "",
"4": "pommel, hump, hill"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gēw-",
"3": "",
"4": "to bend, arch"
},
"expansion": "*gēw- (“to bend, arch”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).\nThe meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cogged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cogged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To furnish with a cog or cogs."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-verb-hFzh-V5M"
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Of an electric motor or generator, to snap preferentially to certain positions when not energized."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-verb-uPasMY~7",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of an electric motor or generator, to snap preferentially to certain positions when not energized."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog",
"cogging torque"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cogge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "kogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch kogge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cogghe"
},
"expansion": "cogghe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kogge"
},
"expansion": "kogge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kock",
"3": "",
"4": "cogboat"
},
"expansion": "German Kock (“cogboat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "",
"4": "cog (gear tooth)"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gugā",
"4": "",
"5": "hump, ball"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gugà",
"3": "",
"4": "pommel, hump, hill"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gēw-",
"3": "",
"4": "to bend, arch"
},
"expansion": "*gēw- (“to bend, arch”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cogge, from Middle Dutch kogge, cogghe (modern kogge), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare German Kock (“cogboat”), Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”). See etymology 1 above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (plural cogs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1952, C. S. Lewis, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader",
"text": "The name of the ship was Dawn Treader. She was only a little bit of a thing compared with one of our ships, or even with the cogs, dromonds, carracks and galleons which Narnia had owned when Lucy and Edmund had reigned there under Peter as the High King, for nearly all navigation had died out in the reigns of Caspian's ancestors.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clinker-built, flat-bottomed, square-rigged mediaeval ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull and a single mast, typically 15 to 25 meters in length."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-noun-en:ship",
"links": [
[
"clinker-built",
"clinker-built"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"square-rigged",
"square-rigged"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"bulky",
"bulky"
],
[
"hull",
"hull"
],
[
"mast",
"mast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A clinker-built, flat-bottomed, square-rigged mediaeval ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull and a single mast, typically 15 to 25 meters in length."
],
"senseid": [
"en:ship"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coca"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "koga"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kogge"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of ship",
"word": "koggi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coca"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kogge"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kogg",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "когг"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"roman": "koga",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кога"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coca"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kogg"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 10 4 6 18 0 5 5 11 7 5 5 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small fishing boat."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-noun-nbhmmEXJ",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"fishing boat",
"fishing boat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A small fishing boat."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (plural cogs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1602, William Watson, Quodlibets Religious and State",
"text": "False suggestions, shamelesse cogs, and impious forgeries.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A trick or deception; a falsehood."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-noun-oz56lvoX",
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "trick or deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trick or deception",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vals spel"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cogged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cogged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To load (a die) so that it can be used to cheat."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-verb-3kB3ekmF",
"links": [
[
"load",
"load"
],
[
"die",
"die"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1726, Jonathan Swift (debated), Molly Mog\nFor guineas in other men's breeches, / Your gamesters will palm and will cog."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cheat; to play or gamble fraudulently."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-verb-Mi1HH4fF",
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
],
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"gamble",
"gamble"
],
[
"fraudulent",
"fraudulent"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "23 43 29 2 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cheat at dice",
"word": "valsspelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "23 43 29 2 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cheat at dice",
"word": "bedriegen"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-verb-udRHqIFc"
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Tri-Quarterly, numbers 46-47, page 273",
"text": "[…] his themes and exercises were in constant demand for what we called cogging and American students rather grandly called plagiarization. Shakespeare and Eliot plagiarized; we grimly cogged in the early morning-oh, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Verve: The Spirit of Today's Woman, volume 14, numbers 4-6, page 51",
"text": "Coming to journalism, how many of us have not been guilty at some stage of 'cogging' from other articles, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1879, Dennis O'Sullivan, The Stirring Adventures of Corp'l Morgan Rattler, F. Tousey, →OCLC, page 8",
"text": "I wasn't able to translate two verses in Virgil or Homer , without “ cogging \" from some fellow - student ; but I was eternally repeating passages from the poems of Byron , Moore , and Scott ; while I gloried in the soul - stirring ...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To plagiarize."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-verb-iXQJo0Vx",
"links": [
[
"plagiarize",
"plagiarize"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to cog in a word",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "October 3, 1718, John Dennis, letter to S. T. , Esq; On the Deceitfulness of Rumour\nFustian tragedies […] have […] been cogg'd upon the town for Master-pieces."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; to palm off."
],
"id": "en-cog-en-verb-18V2dCMm",
"links": [
[
"obtrude",
"obtrude"
],
[
"palm off",
"palm off"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (plural cogs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "wooden vessel for milk",
"word": "cogue"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of cogue (“wooden vessel for milk”)"
],
"id": "en-cog-en-noun-iNmc~4K6",
"links": [
[
"cogue",
"cogue#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cogadh",
"t": "war"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from cogadh (“war”)",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from cogadh (“war”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogann",
"tags": [
"analytic",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh",
"tags": [
"analytic",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cogtha",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-conj-1a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogann tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogann sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cogann sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogann siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogtar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chog mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chog tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chog sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogamar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chog muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chog sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogabhair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chog siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chog",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "ar chog",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chogainn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogainn‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogtá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogtᇇ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogaimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogaimis‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogadh muid‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogadh sibh‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogaidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogaidís‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogadh siad‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "chogtaí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogta퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogfaidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogfas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogfaidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogfas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfainn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfainn‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfᇇ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfaimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfaimis‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfadh muid‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfadh sibh‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfaidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfaidís‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfadh siad‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogfadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogfadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfaí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfa퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogaimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"relative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogtar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogainn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogtá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogaimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogaidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"relative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogtaí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cog",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaigí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogtar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cogtha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "gcog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "cogtha",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present analytic",
"4": "cogann",
"5": "future analytic",
"6": "cogfaidh",
"7": "verbal noun",
"8": "cogadh",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cog (present analytic cogann, future analytic cogfaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogtha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "cogfaidh",
"pp": "cogtha",
"pres": "cogann",
"vn": "cogadh"
},
"expansion": "cog (present analytic cogann, future analytic cogfaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogtha)",
"name": "ga-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "o",
"3": "g",
"4": "broad"
},
"name": "ga-conj-1a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"name": "ga-mut-link"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish first-conjugation verbs of class A",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to war, wage war"
],
"id": "en-cog-ga-verb-Qi-f-LKO",
"links": [
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"wage",
"wage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or archaic) to war, wage war"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cogue"
},
"expansion": "Old French cogue",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dum",
"3": "kogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch kogge",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French cogue, itself from Middle Dutch kogge.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "cog",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull"
],
"id": "en-cog-enm-noun-4jkw94yb",
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"bulky",
"bulky"
],
[
"hull",
"hull"
]
]
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cogadh",
"t": "war, fighting"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from cogadh (“war, fighting”)",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from cogadh (“war, fighting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chog",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaidh",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cogte",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "cogadh",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "past participle",
"18": "cogte",
"2": "verb",
"3": "past",
"4": "chog",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "future",
"8": "cogaidh",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cog (past chog, future cogaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogte)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "cogaidh",
"past": "chog",
"pp": "cogte",
"vn": "cogadh"
},
"expansion": "cog (past chog, future cogaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogte)",
"name": "gd-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic back-formations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fight"
],
"id": "en-cog-gd-verb-I7ao85nd",
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
]
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "coc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh coc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kog",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kā",
"3": "",
"4": "crow, jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kâ",
"3": "",
"4": "crow, jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh coc, from Proto-Brythonic *kog, ultimately imitative, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cogau"
},
"expansion": "cog f (plural cogau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "cy:Birds",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cuckoo"
],
"id": "en-cog-cy-noun-5feILH-g",
"links": [
[
"cuckoo",
"cuckoo"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "cuckoo",
"word": "cwcw"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/koːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pekʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "coc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh coc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kog",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "coquus"
},
"expansion": "Latin coquus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh coc, from Proto-Brythonic *kog, from Latin coquus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cygod",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "gog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "au",
"pl2": "cygod"
},
"expansion": "cog m (plural cogau or cygod)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Birds",
"orig": "cy:Birds",
"parents": [
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "coginio"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cook"
],
"id": "en-cog-cy-noun-A~uUGAqg",
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cogydd"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/koːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Old Norse term requests",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ/1 syllable",
"cy:Birds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cog fog"
},
{
"word": "cog joint"
},
{
"word": "cog mill"
},
{
"word": "cograil"
},
{
"word": "cog railway"
},
{
"word": "cogwheel"
},
{
"word": "hunting cog"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cogge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "",
"4": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian kugg (“cog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "kugg, kugge",
"4": "cog, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kogge",
"3": "",
"4": "cogboat"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kogge (“cogboat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kock"
},
"expansion": "German Kock",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gugā",
"4": "",
"5": "hump, ball"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gugà",
"3": "",
"4": "pommel, hump, hill"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gēw-",
"3": "",
"4": "to bend, arch"
},
"expansion": "*gēw- (“to bend, arch”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).\nThe meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (plural cogs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A tooth on a gear."
],
"links": [
[
"tooth",
"tooth"
],
[
"gear",
"gear"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gear; a cogwheel."
],
"links": [
[
"gear",
"gear"
],
[
"cogwheel",
"cogwheel"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1976, Norman Denny (English translation), Victor Hugo (original French), Les Misérables\n‘There are twenty-five of us, but they don’t reckon I’m worth anything. I’m just a cog in the machine.’"
},
{
"text": "1988, David Mamet, Speed-the-Plow\nYour boss tells you “take initiative,” you best guess right—and you do, then you get no credit. Day-in, … smiling, smiling, just a cog."
}
],
"glosses": [
"An unimportant individual in a greater system."
],
"links": [
[
"unimportant",
"unimportant"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Carpentry"
],
"glosses": [
"A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint."
],
"links": [
[
"carpentry",
"carpentry"
],
[
"projection",
"projection"
],
[
"tenon",
"tenon"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"joint",
"joint"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(carpentry) A projection or tenon at the end of a beam designed to fit into a matching opening of another piece of wood to form a joint."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"carpentry",
"construction",
"manufacturing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mining"
],
"glosses": [
"One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine."
],
"links": [
[
"mining",
"mining#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mining) One of the rough pillars of stone or coal left to support the roof of a mine."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"mining"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zubjéc",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зубе́ц"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zǎbéc",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зъбе́ц"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dent"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "齒"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chǐ",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "齿"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zub"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tand"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tandwieltand"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "dento"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "hammas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dent"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dente"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macho"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zahn"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "fog"
},
{
"alt": "は",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ha",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "歯"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "i",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "이"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "tomni",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "톱니"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zapče",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "запче"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "nihowhiti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "nihowhiti"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "tannhjul"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Zak"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ząb"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zubéc",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зубе́ц"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fiacaill"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "зу́бац"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "zúbac"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zub"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "diente"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kugge"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tand"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "fan-fʉʉang",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "ฟันเฟือง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"word": "diş"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zubécʹ",
"sense": "tooth on a gear",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зубе́ць"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peó"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nula"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "radertje"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"word": "ratas"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pion"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "badanas"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "niquifate"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "belanxín"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rädchen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rotellina"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "víntik",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́нтик"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mélkaja sóška",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ме́лкая со́шка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "зупчаничић"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "шрафић"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "zupčaničić"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "šrafić"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unimportant individual",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kugge"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cápfa",
"sense": "carpentry: a projection or tenon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ца́пфа"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "carpentry: a projection or tenon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Zapfen"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "carpentry: a projection or tenon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "féder"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "carpentry: a projection or tenon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "фе́дер"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Old Norse term requests",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ/1 syllable",
"cy:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cogge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "",
"4": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian kugg (“cog”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "kugg, kugge",
"4": "cog, tooth"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kogge",
"3": "",
"4": "cogboat"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kogge (“cogboat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kock"
},
"expansion": "German Kock",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gugā",
"4": "",
"5": "hump, ball"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gugà",
"3": "",
"4": "pommel, hump, hill"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gēw-",
"3": "",
"4": "to bend, arch"
},
"expansion": "*gēw- (“to bend, arch”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).\nThe meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cogged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cogged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To furnish with a cog or cogs."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Of an electric motor or generator, to snap preferentially to certain positions when not energized."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) Of an electric motor or generator, to snap preferentially to certain positions when not energized."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog",
"cogging torque"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ/1 syllable",
"cy:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "cogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English cogge",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "kogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch kogge",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cogghe"
},
"expansion": "cogghe",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kogge"
},
"expansion": "kogge",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kock",
"3": "",
"4": "cogboat"
},
"expansion": "German Kock (“cogboat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "kugg",
"3": "",
"4": "cog (gear tooth)"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gugā",
"4": "",
"5": "hump, ball"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gugà",
"3": "",
"4": "pommel, hump, hill"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gēw-",
"3": "",
"4": "to bend, arch"
},
"expansion": "*gēw- (“to bend, arch”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English cogge, from Middle Dutch kogge, cogghe (modern kogge), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare German Kock (“cogboat”), Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”). See etymology 1 above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (plural cogs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1952, C. S. Lewis, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader",
"text": "The name of the ship was Dawn Treader. She was only a little bit of a thing compared with one of our ships, or even with the cogs, dromonds, carracks and galleons which Narnia had owned when Lucy and Edmund had reigned there under Peter as the High King, for nearly all navigation had died out in the reigns of Caspian's ancestors.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A clinker-built, flat-bottomed, square-rigged mediaeval ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull and a single mast, typically 15 to 25 meters in length."
],
"links": [
[
"clinker-built",
"clinker-built"
],
[
"flat",
"flat"
],
[
"bottom",
"bottom"
],
[
"square-rigged",
"square-rigged"
],
[
"ship",
"ship"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"bulky",
"bulky"
],
[
"hull",
"hull"
],
[
"mast",
"mast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A clinker-built, flat-bottomed, square-rigged mediaeval ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull and a single mast, typically 15 to 25 meters in length."
],
"senseid": [
"en:ship"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A small fishing boat."
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"fishing boat",
"fishing boat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A small fishing boat."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coca"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "koga"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kogge"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of ship",
"word": "koggi"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coca"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kogge"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kogg",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "когг"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"roman": "koga",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кога"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "coca"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "type of ship",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ/1 syllable",
"cy:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (plural cogs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1602, William Watson, Quodlibets Religious and State",
"text": "False suggestions, shamelesse cogs, and impious forgeries.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A trick or deception; a falsehood."
],
"links": [
[
"trick",
"trick"
],
[
"deception",
"deception"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izmama",
"sense": "trick or deception",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "измама"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "trick or deception",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vals spel"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English three-letter words",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ/1 syllable",
"cy:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cogged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cogged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To load (a die) so that it can be used to cheat."
],
"links": [
[
"load",
"load"
],
[
"die",
"die"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1726, Jonathan Swift (debated), Molly Mog\nFor guineas in other men's breeches, / Your gamesters will palm and will cog."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cheat; to play or gamble fraudulently."
],
"links": [
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
],
[
"play",
"play"
],
[
"gamble",
"gamble"
],
[
"fraudulent",
"fraudulent"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To seduce, or draw away, by adulation, artifice, or falsehood; to wheedle; to cozen; to cheat."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1979, Tri-Quarterly, numbers 46-47, page 273",
"text": "[…] his themes and exercises were in constant demand for what we called cogging and American students rather grandly called plagiarization. Shakespeare and Eliot plagiarized; we grimly cogged in the early morning-oh, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Verve: The Spirit of Today's Woman, volume 14, numbers 4-6, page 51",
"text": "Coming to journalism, how many of us have not been guilty at some stage of 'cogging' from other articles, […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1879, Dennis O'Sullivan, The Stirring Adventures of Corp'l Morgan Rattler, F. Tousey, →OCLC, page 8",
"text": "I wasn't able to translate two verses in Virgil or Homer , without “ cogging \" from some fellow - student ; but I was eternally repeating passages from the poems of Byron , Moore , and Scott ; while I gloried in the soul - stirring ...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To plagiarize."
],
"links": [
[
"plagiarize",
"plagiarize"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to cog in a word",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "October 3, 1718, John Dennis, letter to S. T. , Esq; On the Deceitfulness of Rumour\nFustian tragedies […] have […] been cogg'd upon the town for Master-pieces."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To obtrude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception; to palm off."
],
"links": [
[
"obtrude",
"obtrude"
],
[
"palm off",
"palm off"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cheat at dice",
"word": "valsspelen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cheat at dice",
"word": "bedriegen"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English three-letter words",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɒɡ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːɡ/1 syllable",
"cy:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cog (plural cogs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "wooden vessel for milk",
"word": "cogue"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of cogue (“wooden vessel for milk”)"
],
"links": [
[
"cogue",
"cogue#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɒɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɔɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɒɡ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːɡ"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cog.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cog.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏg"
},
{
"enpr": "kôg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cog"
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"cy:Birds"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "cogadh",
"t": "war"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from cogadh (“war”)",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from cogadh (“war”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogann",
"tags": [
"analytic",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh",
"tags": [
"analytic",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cogtha",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-conj-1a",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogann tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogann sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cogann sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogann siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogann",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogtar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chog mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chog tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogais",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chog sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogamar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chog muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chog sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogabhair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chog siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chog",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "ar chog",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chogainn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogainn‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogtá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogtᇇ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogaimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogaimis‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogadh muid‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogadh sibh‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogaidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogaidís‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogadh siad‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "chogtaí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogta퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"habitual",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"future",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaidh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogfaidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogfas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogfaidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogfas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogfar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfainn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfainn‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfᇇ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "s퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfaimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfaimis‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfadh muid‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfadh sibh‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfaidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfaidís‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfadh siad‡‡",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "a chogfadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "a gcogfadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "chogfaí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "gcogfa퇇",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga mé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga tú",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogair",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogaimid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcoga siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"relative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "go gcogtar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogainn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogtá",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogaimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogadh muid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogadh sibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogaidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogadh siad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"relative",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "dá gcogtaí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"past",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaim",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cog",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh sé",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaimis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaigí",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaidís",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"relative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogtar",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"autonomous",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cogtha",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "chog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "gcog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "cogtha",
"2": "verb",
"3": "present analytic",
"4": "cogann",
"5": "future analytic",
"6": "cogfaidh",
"7": "verbal noun",
"8": "cogadh",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cog (present analytic cogann, future analytic cogfaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogtha)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "cogfaidh",
"pp": "cogtha",
"pres": "cogann",
"vn": "cogadh"
},
"expansion": "cog (present analytic cogann, future analytic cogfaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogtha)",
"name": "ga-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "o",
"3": "g",
"4": "broad"
},
"name": "ga-conj-1a"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"name": "ga-mut-lenition-verb"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "e"
},
"name": "ga-mut-link"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Irish back-formations",
"Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Irish first-conjugation verbs of class A",
"Irish lemmas",
"Irish terms with archaic senses",
"Irish terms with rare senses",
"Irish verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to war, wage war"
],
"links": [
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"wage",
"wage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare or archaic) to war, wage war"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"cy:Birds"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "cogue"
},
"expansion": "Old French cogue",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dum",
"3": "kogge"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch kogge",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French cogue, itself from Middle Dutch kogge.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "cog",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French"
],
"glosses": [
"a ship of burden, or war with a round, bulky hull"
],
"links": [
[
"ship",
"ship"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"war",
"war"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"bulky",
"bulky"
],
[
"hull",
"hull"
]
]
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"cy:Birds"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cogadh",
"t": "war, fighting"
},
"expansion": "Back-formation from cogadh (“war, fighting”)",
"name": "back-form"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Back-formation from cogadh (“war, fighting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chog",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cogaidh",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "cogadh",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cogte",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "cogadh",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "past participle",
"18": "cogte",
"2": "verb",
"3": "past",
"4": "chog",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "future",
"8": "cogaidh",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cog (past chog, future cogaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogte)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "cogaidh",
"past": "chog",
"pp": "cogte",
"vn": "cogadh"
},
"expansion": "cog (past chog, future cogaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogte)",
"name": "gd-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Scottish Gaelic back-formations",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"fight"
],
"links": [
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
]
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Welsh feminine nouns",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh onomatopoeias",
"Welsh terms derived from Latin",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pekʷ-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"cy:Birds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "coc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh coc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kog",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kā",
"3": "",
"4": "crow, jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kâ",
"3": "",
"4": "crow, jackdaw"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh coc, from Proto-Brythonic *kog, ultimately imitative, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "cogau"
},
"expansion": "cog f (plural cogau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cuckoo"
],
"links": [
[
"cuckoo",
"cuckoo"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/koːɡ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "cuckoo",
"word": "cwcw"
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Latin",
"Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pekʷ-",
"Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
"Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"cy:Birds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "coginio"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pekʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "wlm",
"3": "coc"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh coc",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*kog"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kog",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "la",
"3": "coquus"
},
"expansion": "Latin coquus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh coc, from Proto-Brythonic *kog, from Latin coquus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cogau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cygod",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "gog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chog",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "au",
"pl2": "cygod"
},
"expansion": "cog m (plural cogau or cygod)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"cook"
],
"links": [
[
"cook",
"cook#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cogydd"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/koːɡ/"
}
],
"word": "cog"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: gog, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"cog"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cog",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: nghog, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"cog"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cog",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: chog, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"cog"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "cog",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.