See cudgel on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cudgel meaning in All languages combined (18.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "take up the cudgel for"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kuggel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kuggel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyċġel",
"t": "a large stick, cudgel"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuggil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuggil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggilaz",
"t": "knobbed instrument"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“knobbed instrument”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggǭ",
"t": "cog, swelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewgʰ-",
"t": "swelling, bow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gew-",
"t": "to bow, bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cog",
"3": "-el",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "cog + -el (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "coghele",
"t": "stick with a rounded end"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch coghele (“stick with a rounded end”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kuggel, from Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, from Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“knobbed instrument”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”), equivalent to cog + -el (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Middle Dutch coghele (“stick with a rounded end”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cudgels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cudgel (plural cudgels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 35 8 36",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The guard hefted his cudgel menacingly and looked at the inmates.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon."
],
"id": "en-cudgel-en-noun-z0SvWM16",
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mahak",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "մահակ"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "suqmar",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "суҡмар"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "ḳomṗal",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "კომპალ"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sopa",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сопа"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kyj"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "knuppel"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "nuija"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "ryhmysauva"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "gourdin"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moca"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Knüppel"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rópalo",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ρόπαλο"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhópalon",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ῥόπαλον"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "fütykös"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "husáng"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "furkósbot"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "bunkósbot"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "náspáng"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lurkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kylfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "bastono"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cleith"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smachtín"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bastone"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "randello"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mongdung'i",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "몽둥이"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caia"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fūstis"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clāva"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "hauhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barròt"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tavèla"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "bagamaagan"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klubba"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sopa",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "صوپه"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "çomak",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "چوماق"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kötek",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "كوتك"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gupâl",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "گوپال"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čomâq",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "چماق"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pruntel"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pałka"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maczuga"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bordão"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dubínka",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дуби́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "batina"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "toljaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "močuga"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buzdovan"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "mazo"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klubba"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "påk"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "pambatikos"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "udi",
"lang": "Udi",
"roman": "ḳoval",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "кӏовал"
},
{
"_dis1": "93 7",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pastwn"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 74 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 73 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 68 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 55 14 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -el",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 35 8 36",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1893, William Morris, The Ideal Book, published 1908",
"text": "As above said, legibility depends also much on the design of the letter; and again I take up the cudgels against compressed type, and that especially in Roman letters: […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015 April 15, Jonathan Martin, “For a Clinton, It’s Not Hard to Be Humble in an Effort to Regain Power”, in The New York Times",
"text": "Mrs. Clinton’s Senate tenure, however, also demonstrated the risks of overcompensation: Not wanting to give Republicans fodder to portray her as soft on defense, she authorized President Bush to use force in Iraq and handed Mr. Obama a political cudgel to use against her.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 July 17, Talia Lavin, “When Non-Jews Wield Anti-Semitism as Political Shield”, in GQ",
"text": "[Minnesota Senator Steve] Daines isn’t the only example of right-wing politicians who wish to wield anti-Semitism as a convenient cudgel against their political enemies, with scant if any evidence. But Montana’s vanishingly small Jewish population makes it particularly clear that this strategy has little to do with flesh-and-blood Jews at all.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 11, Mimi Swartz, “Never Forget What Ted Cruz Did”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "Mr. Cruz has been able to use his pseudo-intellectualism and his Ivy League pedigree as a cudgel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anything that can be used as a threat to force one's will on another."
],
"id": "en-cudgel-en-noun-PW9S~3SS",
"links": [
[
"threat",
"threat"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Anything that can be used as a threat to force one's will on another."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 86",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anything that can be used as a threat to force one's will",
"word": "ase"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-cudgel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/En-us-cudgel.ogg/En-us-cudgel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/En-us-cudgel.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "cudgel"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cudgel one's brain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kuggel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kuggel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyċġel",
"t": "a large stick, cudgel"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuggil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuggil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggilaz",
"t": "knobbed instrument"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“knobbed instrument”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggǭ",
"t": "cog, swelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewgʰ-",
"t": "swelling, bow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gew-",
"t": "to bow, bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cog",
"3": "-el",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "cog + -el (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "coghele",
"t": "stick with a rounded end"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch coghele (“stick with a rounded end”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kuggel, from Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, from Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“knobbed instrument”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”), equivalent to cog + -el (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Middle Dutch coghele (“stick with a rounded end”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cudgels",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgeling",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgelling",
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgeled",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgeled",
"tags": [
"US",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgelled",
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgelled",
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "cudgelled",
"past2_qual": "Commonwealth",
"past_qual": "US",
"pres_ptc2": "cudgelling",
"pres_ptc2_qual": "Commonwealth",
"pres_ptc_qual": "US"
},
"expansion": "cudgel (third-person singular simple present cudgels, present participle (US) cudgeling or (Commonwealth) cudgelling, simple past and past participle (US) cudgeled or (Commonwealth) cudgelled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "club"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "singlestick"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The officer was violently cudgeled down in the midst of the rioters.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1950, Jack Vance, “Mazirian the Magician”, in Dying Earth",
"text": "Aboard the barge and so off the trail, the blessing lost its puissance and the barge-tender, who coveted Guyal's rich accoutrements, sought to cudgel him with a knoblolly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike with a cudgel."
],
"id": "en-cudgel-en-verb-U3EFSZwW",
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to strike with a cudgel",
"word": "nuijia"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 35 8 36",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To exercise (one's wits or brains)."
],
"id": "en-cudgel-en-verb-QjvGsTTY",
"links": [
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-cudgel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/En-us-cudgel.ogg/En-us-cudgel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/En-us-cudgel.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "cudgel"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -el",
"English terms with /ʌ~ʊ/ for Old English /y/",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒəl/2 syllables",
"en:Weapons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "take up the cudgel for"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kuggel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kuggel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyċġel",
"t": "a large stick, cudgel"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuggil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuggil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggilaz",
"t": "knobbed instrument"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“knobbed instrument”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggǭ",
"t": "cog, swelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewgʰ-",
"t": "swelling, bow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gew-",
"t": "to bow, bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cog",
"3": "-el",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "cog + -el (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "coghele",
"t": "stick with a rounded end"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch coghele (“stick with a rounded end”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kuggel, from Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, from Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“knobbed instrument”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”), equivalent to cog + -el (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Middle Dutch coghele (“stick with a rounded end”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cudgels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cudgel (plural cudgels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The guard hefted his cudgel menacingly and looked at the inmates.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon."
],
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1893, William Morris, The Ideal Book, published 1908",
"text": "As above said, legibility depends also much on the design of the letter; and again I take up the cudgels against compressed type, and that especially in Roman letters: […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015 April 15, Jonathan Martin, “For a Clinton, It’s Not Hard to Be Humble in an Effort to Regain Power”, in The New York Times",
"text": "Mrs. Clinton’s Senate tenure, however, also demonstrated the risks of overcompensation: Not wanting to give Republicans fodder to portray her as soft on defense, she authorized President Bush to use force in Iraq and handed Mr. Obama a political cudgel to use against her.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 July 17, Talia Lavin, “When Non-Jews Wield Anti-Semitism as Political Shield”, in GQ",
"text": "[Minnesota Senator Steve] Daines isn’t the only example of right-wing politicians who wish to wield anti-Semitism as a convenient cudgel against their political enemies, with scant if any evidence. But Montana’s vanishingly small Jewish population makes it particularly clear that this strategy has little to do with flesh-and-blood Jews at all.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2021 January 11, Mimi Swartz, “Never Forget What Ted Cruz Did”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
"text": "Mr. Cruz has been able to use his pseudo-intellectualism and his Ivy League pedigree as a cudgel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anything that can be used as a threat to force one's will on another."
],
"links": [
[
"threat",
"threat"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Anything that can be used as a threat to force one's will on another."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-cudgel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/En-us-cudgel.ogg/En-us-cudgel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/En-us-cudgel.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mahak",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "մահակ"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "suqmar",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "суҡмар"
},
{
"code": "bbl",
"lang": "Bats",
"roman": "ḳomṗal",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "კომპალ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sopa",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сопа"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kyj"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "knuppel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "nuija"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "ryhmysauva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "gourdin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "moca"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Knüppel"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rópalo",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ρόπαλο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhópalon",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ῥόπαλον"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "fütykös"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "husáng"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "furkósbot"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "bunkósbot"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "náspáng"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lurkur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kylfa"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "bastono"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cleith"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smachtín"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bastone"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "randello"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mongdung'i",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "몽둥이"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "caia"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fūstis"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clāva"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "hauhau"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barròt"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tavèla"
},
{
"code": "oj",
"lang": "Ojibwe",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "bagamaagan"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klubba"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "sopa",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "صوپه"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "çomak",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "چوماق"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kötek",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "كوتك"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gupâl",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "گوپال"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "čomâq",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "چماق"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pruntel"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pałka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maczuga"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bordão"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dubínka",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дуби́нка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "batina"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "toljaga"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "močuga"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buzdovan"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "mazo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klubba"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "påk"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "pambatikos"
},
{
"code": "udi",
"lang": "Udi",
"roman": "ḳoval",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"word": "кӏовал"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pastwn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anything that can be used as a threat to force one's will",
"word": "ase"
}
],
"word": "cudgel"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms suffixed with -el",
"English terms with /ʌ~ʊ/ for Old English /y/",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒəl",
"Rhymes:English/ʌdʒəl/2 syllables",
"en:Weapons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cudgel one's brain"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "kuggel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English kuggel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyċġel",
"t": "a large stick, cudgel"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kuggil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kuggil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggilaz",
"t": "knobbed instrument"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“knobbed instrument”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kuggǭ",
"t": "cog, swelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gewgʰ-",
"t": "swelling, bow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gew-",
"t": "to bow, bend, arch, curve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cog",
"3": "-el",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "cog + -el (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "coghele",
"t": "stick with a rounded end"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch coghele (“stick with a rounded end”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English kuggel, from Old English cyċġel (“a large stick, cudgel”), from Proto-West Germanic *kuggil, from Proto-Germanic *kuggilaz (“knobbed instrument”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *kuggǭ (“cog, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewgʰ- (“swelling, bow”), from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bow, bend, arch, curve”), equivalent to cog + -el (diminutive suffix). Cognate with Middle Dutch coghele (“stick with a rounded end”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cudgels",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgeling",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgelling",
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgeled",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgeled",
"tags": [
"US",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgelled",
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cudgelled",
"tags": [
"Commonwealth",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "cudgelled",
"past2_qual": "Commonwealth",
"past_qual": "US",
"pres_ptc2": "cudgelling",
"pres_ptc2_qual": "Commonwealth",
"pres_ptc_qual": "US"
},
"expansion": "cudgel (third-person singular simple present cudgels, present participle (US) cudgeling or (Commonwealth) cudgelling, simple past and past participle (US) cudgeled or (Commonwealth) cudgelled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "club"
},
{
"word": "singlestick"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The officer was violently cudgeled down in the midst of the rioters.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1950, Jack Vance, “Mazirian the Magician”, in Dying Earth",
"text": "Aboard the barge and so off the trail, the blessing lost its puissance and the barge-tender, who coveted Guyal's rich accoutrements, sought to cudgel him with a knoblolly.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strike with a cudgel."
],
"links": [
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To exercise (one's wits or brains)."
],
"links": [
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌdʒəl"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-cudgel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/05/En-us-cudgel.ogg/En-us-cudgel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/En-us-cudgel.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to strike with a cudgel",
"word": "nuijia"
}
],
"word": "cudgel"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.