See abject on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for abject meaning in All languages combined (50.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abjectification"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abjectify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abjectly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abjectness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonabject"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "unabject"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "*h₂epó",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)yeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abiect"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abiect",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abject",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched"
},
"expansion": "abject (“expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched”, adjective)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abiecte, abjecte, obiect",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "abject",
"t": "worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position"
},
"expansion": "Middle French abject (“worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "abject"
},
"expansion": "French abject",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "abjet"
},
"expansion": "abjet",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus",
"t": "abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "abiciō",
"t": "to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste"
},
"expansion": "abiciō (“to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ab-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’"
},
"expansion": "ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iaciō",
"t": "to cast, hurl, throw, throw away"
},
"expansion": "iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw, throw away”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)yeh₁-",
"t": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "abiecto"
},
"expansion": "Italian abiecto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "abietto"
},
"expansion": "abietto",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "abiectus",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "humble or poor person"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abjecto"
},
"expansion": "Spanish abjecto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abyecto"
},
"expansion": "abyecto",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (“expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched”, adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (“worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position”) (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’) + iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw, throw away”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto\n* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)\n* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjecter",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more abject",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most abject",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "abject (comparative abjecter or more abject, superlative abjectest or most abject)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab‧ject"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "abjection"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "abjective"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unabject"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 September 23, Ed Caesar, “The FinCEN Files Shed New Light on a Scandalous Episode at Deutsche Bank”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-16",
"text": "Meanwhile, nearly fifty million dollars were also funnelled through mirror trades to the Khanani network, whose clients include associates of Hezbollah and the Taliban. Deutsche Bank’s reputation was abject even before the mirror-trades scandal broke.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable."
],
"id": "en-abject-en-adj-Ya8Yuu-C",
"links": [
[
"Existing",
"exist#Verb"
],
[
"sunk",
"sink#Verb"
],
[
"low",
"low#Adjective"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#Noun"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"state",
"state#Noun"
],
[
"contemptible",
"contemptible"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "degraded"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "demiss"
},
{
"word": "ignoble"
},
{
"word": "mean"
},
{
"word": "vile"
},
{
"word": "wretched"
},
{
"word": "worthless"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hor",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "خور"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "arhamarh",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "արհամարհ"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "ankac",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "անկած"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "arhamarh",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "արհամարհ"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "cʻac",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "ցած"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "mrguz",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "մրգուզ"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "binəva"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "miskin"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "dukhá"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nizvergnat",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "низвергнат"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "othvǎrlen",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "отхвърлен"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "郎當"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lángdāng",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "郎当"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abject"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "hulpeloos"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "moedeloos"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "alhainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abject"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "fangeux"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "misérable"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "damcirebuli",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "დამცირებული"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mdabali",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "მდაბალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ubadruḳi",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "უბადრუკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjekt"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "armselig"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "erniedrigt"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "de",
"english": "poverty",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "verächtlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tapeinós",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "τᾰπεινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "adnā",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "अदना"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "aljas"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "csapnivaló"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjekta"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjecte"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abietto"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "浅ましい"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"alt": "あさしい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "asamashii",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "あさましい"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "miserabilis"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjekt"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "hēan"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "hnāh"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "forumâye",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "فرومایه"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"tags": [
"past"
],
"word": "پست"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xvâr",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "خوار"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjeto"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "ignóbil"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abject"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "fărădelege"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "josnic"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "mizerabil"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "nemernic"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "ticălos"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "unížennyj",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "уни́женный"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žálkij",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "жа́лкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "suarach"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "jadan"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "јадан"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abyecto"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "marawal"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "aşağılanmış"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "hakir"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "zelil"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "adnā",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "ادنیٰ"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 0 4 12 3",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "gwael"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abject failure abject nonsense abject terror",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Complete; downright; utter."
],
"id": "en-abject-en-adj-BkMmfOKR",
"links": [
[
"Complete",
"complete#Adjective"
],
[
"downright",
"downright#Adjective"
],
[
"utter",
"utter#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(chiefly with a negative connotation) Complete; downright; utter."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a negative connotation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "out-and-out"
},
{
"word": "unmitigated"
},
{
"word": "total"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."
],
"id": "en-abject-en-adj-AnFlKHwH",
"links": [
[
"nearby",
"nearby"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"low-lying",
"low-lying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(rare) Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"rare"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unabject"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1927, Countee Cullen, “From the Dark Tower”, in Copper Sun, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, part 1 (Color); republished in James Weldon Johnson, editor, The Book of American Negro Poetry […], revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931, →OCLC, page 228",
"text": "We shall not always plant while others reap / The golden increment of bursting fruit, / Not always countenance, abject and mute / That lesser men should hold their brothers cheap; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile."
],
"id": "en-abject-en-adj-kilxOk49",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"cast down",
"cast down"
],
[
"hope",
"hope#Noun"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit#Noun"
],
[
"showing",
"show#Verb"
],
[
"helplessness",
"helplessness"
],
[
"hopelessness",
"hopelessness"
],
[
"resignation",
"resignation"
],
[
"grovelling",
"grovelling#Adjective"
],
[
"ingratiating",
"ingratiating#Adjective"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beggarly"
},
{
"word": "cringing"
},
{
"word": "slavish"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dolen",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "долен"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nizǎk",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "низък"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žalǎk",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "жалък"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiqiè, bēiquè",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "卑怯"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "diepgezonken"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "ellendig"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abject"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abjecte"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "méprisable"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mdabali",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "მდაბალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sulmdabali",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "სულმდაბალი"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "elend"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "jämmerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "kläglich"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tapeinós",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "τᾰπεινός"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abjecte"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abbietto"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abjectus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abjecta"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abjekt"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abatido"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abject"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abatido"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 0 1 91 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "aşağılık"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 8 4 81 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "gelaten"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 8 4 81 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "hulpeloos"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 8 4 81 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "abjekt"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 8 4 81 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "hjelpeløs"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 8 4 81 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smirénnyj",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "смире́нный"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 8 4 81 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "beznadan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sociology",
"orig": "en:Sociology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Sean Brayton, “MTV's Jackass: Transgression, Abjection and the Economy of White Masculinity”, in Journal of Gender Studies, volume 16, page 59",
"text": "The abject can easily be grafted onto the immigrant body, which is often conceived as something to be excluded in order to preserve a coherent yet racist national imaginary.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, W. C. Harris, Queer Externalities: Hazardous Encounters in American Culture, SUNY Press, page 98",
"text": "The disclosure of tolerance's hidden phobic lining fits in well with queer theory's embrace of the abject.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marginalized as deviant."
],
"id": "en-abject-en-adj-V2S3cwdT",
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
],
[
"Marginalized",
"marginalize"
],
[
"deviant",
"deviant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology, usually nominalized) Marginalized as deviant."
],
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg/En-uk-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
},
{
"audio": "En-ca-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg/En-ca-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "*h₂epó",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)yeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abiect"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abiect",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abject",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched"
},
"expansion": "abject (“expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched”, adjective)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abiecte, abjecte, obiect",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "abject",
"t": "worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position"
},
"expansion": "Middle French abject (“worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "abject"
},
"expansion": "French abject",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "abjet"
},
"expansion": "abjet",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus",
"t": "abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "abiciō",
"t": "to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste"
},
"expansion": "abiciō (“to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ab-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’"
},
"expansion": "ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iaciō",
"t": "to cast, hurl, throw, throw away"
},
"expansion": "iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw, throw away”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)yeh₁-",
"t": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "abiecto"
},
"expansion": "Italian abiecto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "abietto"
},
"expansion": "abietto",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "abiectus",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "humble or poor person"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abjecto"
},
"expansion": "Spanish abjecto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abyecto"
},
"expansion": "abyecto",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (“expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched”, adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (“worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position”) (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’) + iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw, throw away”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto\n* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)\n* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjects",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject (plural abjects)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab‧ject"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832, [Isaac Taylor], “The Third Heavens”, in Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC, page 414",
"text": "Let us look then to the widely-severed ranks of an Asiatic empire.—There is first its wretched and vilified class, upon which the superincumbent structure of the social system presses so heavily as almost to crush existence; […] Shall these abjects—these victims—these outcasts, know any thing of pleasure?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; an oppressed person; an outcast; also, such people as a class."
],
"id": "en-abject-en-noun-JgWZy6IA",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"lowest",
"low#Adjective"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#Noun"
],
[
"oppressed",
"oppressed#Adjective"
],
[
"outcast",
"outcast#Noun"
],
[
"class",
"class#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "heanling"
},
{
"word": "wretch"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "infaam persoon"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verworpeling"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "misérable"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "abjecto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "abbietto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escravo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escrava"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "indinniu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"raw_tags": [
"Logudorese Sardinian"
],
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "indinniu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "sefil"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg/En-uk-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
},
{
"audio": "En-ca-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg/En-ca-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "abjected"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "abjectedness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abjecten",
"t": "to cast out, expel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abjecten (“to cast out, expel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abiect, abiecte",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abiect"
},
"expansion": "abiect",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abject",
"pos": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "abject (adjective)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "abschleudern",
"t": "to give off forcefully"
},
"expansion": "German abschleudern (“to give off forcefully”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English abjecten (“to cast out, expel”) [and other forms], from abiect, abject (adjective) (see etymology 1).\nSense 3 (“of a fungus: to give off (spores or sporidia)”) is modelled after German abschleudern (“to give off forcefully”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjects",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abjected",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abjected",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject (third-person singular simple present abjects, present participle abjecting, simple past and past participle abjected)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab‧ject"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Le’a Kent, “Fighting Abjection: Representing Fat Women”, in Jana Evans Braziel, Kathleen LeBesco, editors, Bodies out of Bounds: Fatness and Transgression, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, part I (Revaluing Corpulence, Redefining Fat Subjectivities), page 141",
"text": "Rather than abjecting her own fat body, the Ipecac-taking fat girl is abjecting diet culture.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast off or out (someone or something); to reject, especially as contemptible or inferior."
],
"id": "en-abject-en-verb-TNNzZQ8E",
"links": [
[
"cast off",
"cast off"
],
[
"reject",
"reject#Verb"
],
[
"contemptible",
"contemptible"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 7 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qabbaḥa",
"sense": "to cast off or out (someone or something)",
"word": "قَبَّحَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 7 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cast off or out (someone or something)",
"word": "abiettàre"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 7 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to cast off or out (someone or something)",
"word": "avvise"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cast down (someone or something); to abase; to debase; to degrade; to lower; also, to forcibly impose obedience or servitude upon (someone); to subjugate."
],
"id": "en-abject-en-verb-uPDR33Zg",
"links": [
[
"cast",
"cast#Verb"
],
[
"abase",
"abase"
],
[
"debase",
"debase"
],
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"lower",
"lower#Verb"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"obedience",
"obedience"
],
[
"servitude",
"servitude"
],
[
"subjugate",
"subjugate"
]
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mycology",
"orig": "en:Mycology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 0 15 12 10 4 10 3 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 1 12 12 17 5 9 4 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 0 13 13 9 9 9 7 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a fungus: to (forcibly) give off (spores or sporidia)."
],
"id": "en-abject-en-verb-uZomUefe",
"links": [
[
"mycology",
"mycology"
],
[
"fungus",
"fungus"
],
[
"give off",
"give off"
],
[
"spores",
"spore#Noun"
],
[
"sporidia",
"sporidium"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mycology) Of a fungus: to (forcibly) give off (spores or sporidia)."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"mycology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/æbˈd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛkt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abject2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abject2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abject2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abject2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abject2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "ăbjĕktʹ"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "abject"
},
"expansion": "French abject",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French abject, from Latin abiectus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjecter",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abject",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecter",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het abjectst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abject",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecter",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjects",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecters",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject (comparative abjecter, superlative abjectst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab‧ject"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abjectheid"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It is teleological, scandalous and it is reprehensible.",
"text": "Het is teleologisch, infaam en het is abject.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reprehensible, despicable, abject"
],
"id": "en-abject-nl-adj-i95xK~Gx",
"links": [
[
"reprehensible",
"reprehensible#English"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable#English"
],
[
"abject",
"abject#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑbˈjɛkt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛkt"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-abject.ogg/Nl-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-abject.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "abjectement"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "abjekt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: abjekt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: abjekt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "abjekt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: abjekt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: abjekt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "abject",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: abject",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: abject"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin abiectus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjecte",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "abjects",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject (feminine abjecte, masculine plural abjects, feminine plural abjectes)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "abjection"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Worthy of utmost contempt or disgust; vile; despicable"
],
"id": "en-abject-fr-adj-ooKQSu2L",
"links": [
[
"contempt",
"contempt"
],
[
"disgust",
"disgust"
],
[
"vile",
"vile"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Worthy of utmost contempt or disgust; vile; despicable"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"of the lowest social position"
],
"id": "en-abject-fr-adj-jruWL~Mc",
"links": [
[
"social",
"social"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, obsolete) of the lowest social position"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab.ʒɛkt/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Fr-abject.ogg/Fr-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Fr-abject.ogg",
"text": "abject"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "abject",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French abject",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "abject"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French abject",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French abject, from Latin abiectus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjectă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecți",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abject",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
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"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectă",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecți",
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"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
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"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectul",
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"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecții",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abject",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecți",
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"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject m or n (feminine singular abjectă, masculine plural abjecți, feminine and neuter plural abjecte)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"abject"
],
"id": "en-abject-ro-adj-fx12U~WF",
"links": [
[
"abject",
"abject#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abˈʒekt/"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "abjectheid"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fr",
"3": "abject"
},
"expansion": "French abject",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French abject, from Latin abiectus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjecter",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectst",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abject",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"positive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecter",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"comparative",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "het abjectst",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "het abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial",
"predicative",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abject",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"positive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecter",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"singular",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"definite",
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjects",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"positive"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecters",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"partitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject (comparative abjecter, superlative abjectst)",
"name": "nl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab‧ject"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch adjectives",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms borrowed from French",
"Dutch terms derived from French",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch terms with usage examples",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛkt"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It is teleological, scandalous and it is reprehensible.",
"text": "Het is teleologisch, infaam en het is abject.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reprehensible, despicable, abject"
],
"links": [
[
"reprehensible",
"reprehensible#English"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable#English"
],
[
"abject",
"abject#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɑbˈjɛkt/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛkt"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/42/Nl-abject.ogg/Nl-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Nl-abject.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English archaic terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(H)yeh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛkt",
"Rhymes:English/ɛkt/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abjectification"
},
{
"word": "abjectify"
},
{
"word": "abjectly"
},
{
"word": "abjectness"
},
{
"word": "nonabject"
},
{
"word": "unabject"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "*h₂epó",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)yeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abiect"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abiect",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abject",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched"
},
"expansion": "abject (“expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched”, adjective)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abiecte, abjecte, obiect",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "abject",
"t": "worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position"
},
"expansion": "Middle French abject (“worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "abject"
},
"expansion": "French abject",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "abjet"
},
"expansion": "abjet",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus",
"t": "abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "abiciō",
"t": "to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste"
},
"expansion": "abiciō (“to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ab-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’"
},
"expansion": "ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iaciō",
"t": "to cast, hurl, throw, throw away"
},
"expansion": "iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw, throw away”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)yeh₁-",
"t": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "abiecto"
},
"expansion": "Italian abiecto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "abietto"
},
"expansion": "abietto",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "abiectus",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "humble or poor person"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abjecto"
},
"expansion": "Spanish abjecto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abyecto"
},
"expansion": "abyecto",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (“expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched”, adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (“worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position”) (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’) + iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw, throw away”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto\n* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)\n* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjecter",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "more abject",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "most abject",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er",
"2": "more"
},
"expansion": "abject (comparative abjecter or more abject, superlative abjectest or most abject)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab‧ject"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "abjection"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "abjective"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unabject"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 September 23, Ed Caesar, “The FinCEN Files Shed New Light on a Scandalous Episode at Deutsche Bank”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-16",
"text": "Meanwhile, nearly fifty million dollars were also funnelled through mirror trades to the Khanani network, whose clients include associates of Hezbollah and the Taliban. Deutsche Bank’s reputation was abject even before the mirror-trades scandal broke.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable."
],
"links": [
[
"Existing",
"exist#Verb"
],
[
"sunk",
"sink#Verb"
],
[
"low",
"low#Adjective"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#Noun"
],
[
"position",
"position#Noun"
],
[
"state",
"state#Noun"
],
[
"contemptible",
"contemptible"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "degraded"
},
{
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "demiss"
},
{
"word": "ignoble"
},
{
"word": "mean"
},
{
"word": "vile"
},
{
"word": "wretched"
},
{
"word": "worthless"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "abject failure abject nonsense abject terror",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Complete; downright; utter."
],
"links": [
[
"Complete",
"complete#Adjective"
],
[
"downright",
"downright#Adjective"
],
[
"utter",
"utter#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(chiefly with a negative connotation) Complete; downright; utter."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with a negative connotation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "out-and-out"
},
{
"word": "unmitigated"
},
{
"word": "total"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."
],
"links": [
[
"nearby",
"nearby"
],
[
"area",
"area"
],
[
"low-lying",
"low-lying"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(rare) Lower than nearby areas; low-lying."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"rare"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "unabject"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1927, Countee Cullen, “From the Dark Tower”, in Copper Sun, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, part 1 (Color); republished in James Weldon Johnson, editor, The Book of American Negro Poetry […], revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1931, →OCLC, page 228",
"text": "We shall not always plant while others reap / The golden increment of bursting fruit, / Not always countenance, abject and mute / That lesser men should hold their brothers cheap; […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"cast down",
"cast down"
],
[
"hope",
"hope#Noun"
],
[
"spirit",
"spirit#Noun"
],
[
"showing",
"show#Verb"
],
[
"helplessness",
"helplessness"
],
[
"hopelessness",
"hopelessness"
],
[
"resignation",
"resignation"
],
[
"grovelling",
"grovelling#Adjective"
],
[
"ingratiating",
"ingratiating#Adjective"
],
[
"servile",
"servile"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beggarly"
},
{
"word": "cringing"
},
{
"word": "slavish"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English nominalized adjectives",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Sociology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Sean Brayton, “MTV's Jackass: Transgression, Abjection and the Economy of White Masculinity”, in Journal of Gender Studies, volume 16, page 59",
"text": "The abject can easily be grafted onto the immigrant body, which is often conceived as something to be excluded in order to preserve a coherent yet racist national imaginary.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, W. C. Harris, Queer Externalities: Hazardous Encounters in American Culture, SUNY Press, page 98",
"text": "The disclosure of tolerance's hidden phobic lining fits in well with queer theory's embrace of the abject.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marginalized as deviant."
],
"links": [
[
"sociology",
"sociology"
],
[
"Marginalized",
"marginalize"
],
[
"deviant",
"deviant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sociology, usually nominalized) Marginalized as deviant."
],
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"sciences",
"social-science",
"sociology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg/En-uk-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
},
{
"audio": "En-ca-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg/En-ca-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "hor",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "خور"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "arhamarh",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "արհամարհ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "ankac",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "անկած"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "arhamarh",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "արհամարհ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "cʻac",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "ցած"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "mrguz",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "մրգուզ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "binəva"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "miskin"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "dukhá"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nizvergnat",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "низвергнат"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "othvǎrlen",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "отхвърлен"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "郎當"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lángdāng",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "郎当"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abject"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "hulpeloos"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "moedeloos"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "alhainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abject"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "fangeux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "misérable"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "damcirebuli",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "დამცირებული"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mdabali",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "მდაბალი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ubadruḳi",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "უბადრუკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjekt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "armselig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "erniedrigt"
},
{
"code": "de",
"english": "poverty",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "bitter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "verächtlich"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tapeinós",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "τᾰπεινός"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "adnā",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "अदना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "aljas"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "csapnivaló"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjekta"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjecte"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abietto"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "浅ましい"
},
{
"alt": "あさしい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "asamashii",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "あさましい"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "miserabilis"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjekt"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "hēan"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "hnāh"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "forumâye",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "فرومایه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"tags": [
"past"
],
"word": "پست"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xvâr",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "خوار"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abjeto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "ignóbil"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abject"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "fărădelege"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "josnic"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "mizerabil"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "nemernic"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "ticălos"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "unížennyj",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "уни́женный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žálkij",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "жа́лкий"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "suarach"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "jadan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "јадан"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "abyecto"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "marawal"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "aşağılanmış"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "hakir"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "zelil"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "adnā",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "ادنیٰ"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state — see also contemptible, despicable, miserable",
"word": "gwael"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dolen",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "долен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nizǎk",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "низък"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žalǎk",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "жалък"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bēiqiè, bēiquè",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "卑怯"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "diepgezonken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "ellendig"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abject"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abjecte"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "méprisable"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mdabali",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "მდაბალი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sulmdabali",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "სულმდაბალი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "elend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "jämmerlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "kläglich"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tapeinós",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "τᾰπεινός"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abjecte"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abbietto"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abjectus"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "abjecta"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abjekt"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abatido"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abject"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "abatido"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "of a person: cast down in hope or spirit",
"word": "aşağılık"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "gelaten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "hulpeloos"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "abjekt"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "hjelpeløs"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smirénnyj",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "смире́нный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation",
"word": "beznadan"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English archaic terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(H)yeh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂epó",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛkt",
"Rhymes:English/ɛkt/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "*h₂epó",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *h₂epó",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)yeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abiect"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abiect",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abject",
"pos": "adjective",
"t": "expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched"
},
"expansion": "abject (“expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched”, adjective)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abiecte, abjecte, obiect",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "abject",
"t": "worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position"
},
"expansion": "Middle French abject (“worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "abject"
},
"expansion": "French abject",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "abjet"
},
"expansion": "abjet",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus",
"t": "abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "abiciō",
"t": "to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste"
},
"expansion": "abiciō (“to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "prefix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ab-",
"pos": "prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’"
},
"expansion": "ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "iaciō",
"t": "to cast, hurl, throw, throw away"
},
"expansion": "iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw, throw away”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)yeh₁-",
"t": "to throw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "abiecto"
},
"expansion": "Italian abiecto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "abietto"
},
"expansion": "abietto",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "LL.",
"2": "abiectus",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "humble or poor person"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abjecto"
},
"expansion": "Spanish abjecto",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "abyecto"
},
"expansion": "abyecto",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *h₂epó\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English abiect, abject (“expelled, outcast, rejected, wretched”, adjective) [and other forms], from Middle French abject (“worthy of utmost contempt or disgust, despicable, vile; of a person: brought low, cast down; of low social position”) (modern French abject, abjet (obsolete)), and from its etymon Latin abiectus (“abandoned; cast or thrown aside; dejected, downcast; ordinary, undistinguished, unimportant; (by extension) base, sordid; despicable, vile; humble, low; subservient”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abiciō (“to discard, throw away or down; to cast or push away or aside; to abandon, give up; to belittle, degrade, humble; to lower, reduce; to overthrow, vanquish; to undervalue; to waste”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; away from; from’) + iaciō (“to cast, hurl, throw, throw away”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw”)).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\ncognates\n* Italian abiecto (obsolete), abietto\n* Late Latin abiectus (“humble or poor person”, noun)\n* Spanish abjecto (obsolete), abyecto",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjects",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject (plural abjects)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab‧ject"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1832, [Isaac Taylor], “The Third Heavens”, in Saturday Evening. […], London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC, page 414",
"text": "Let us look then to the widely-severed ranks of an Asiatic empire.—There is first its wretched and vilified class, upon which the superincumbent structure of the social system presses so heavily as almost to crush existence; […] Shall these abjects—these victims—these outcasts, know any thing of pleasure?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; an oppressed person; an outcast; also, such people as a class."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"lowest",
"low#Adjective"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
],
[
"condition",
"condition#Noun"
],
[
"oppressed",
"oppressed#Adjective"
],
[
"outcast",
"outcast#Noun"
],
[
"class",
"class#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "heanling"
},
{
"word": "wretch"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg/En-uk-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/En-uk-abject.ogg",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
],
"text": "Audio (RP)"
},
{
"audio": "En-ca-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg/En-ca-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/En-ca-abject.ogg",
"tags": [
"Canada"
],
"text": "Audio (CA)"
},
{
"enpr": "ăbʹjĕkt"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "infaam persoon"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "verworpeling"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "misérable"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "paria"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "abjecto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "abbietto"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escravo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escrava"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "indinniu"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"raw_tags": [
"Logudorese Sardinian"
],
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "indinniu"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person in the lowest and most despicable condition",
"word": "sefil"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English archaic terms",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɛkt",
"Rhymes:English/ɛkt/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective",
"noun"
],
"word": "abjected"
},
{
"word": "abjectedness"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "abjecten",
"t": "to cast out, expel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English abjecten (“to cast out, expel”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "abiect, abiecte",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abiect"
},
"expansion": "abiect",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "abject",
"pos": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "abject (adjective)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "abschleudern",
"t": "to give off forcefully"
},
"expansion": "German abschleudern (“to give off forcefully”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Late Middle English abjecten (“to cast out, expel”) [and other forms], from abiect, abject (adjective) (see etymology 1).\nSense 3 (“of a fungus: to give off (spores or sporidia)”) is modelled after German abschleudern (“to give off forcefully”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjects",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecting",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "abjected",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "abjected",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject (third-person singular simple present abjects, present participle abjecting, simple past and past participle abjected)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ab‧ject"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2001, Le’a Kent, “Fighting Abjection: Representing Fat Women”, in Jana Evans Braziel, Kathleen LeBesco, editors, Bodies out of Bounds: Fatness and Transgression, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, part I (Revaluing Corpulence, Redefining Fat Subjectivities), page 141",
"text": "Rather than abjecting her own fat body, the Ipecac-taking fat girl is abjecting diet culture.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cast off or out (someone or something); to reject, especially as contemptible or inferior."
],
"links": [
[
"cast off",
"cast off"
],
[
"reject",
"reject#Verb"
],
[
"contemptible",
"contemptible"
],
[
"inferior",
"inferior#Adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cast down (someone or something); to abase; to debase; to degrade; to lower; also, to forcibly impose obedience or servitude upon (someone); to subjugate."
],
"links": [
[
"cast",
"cast#Verb"
],
[
"abase",
"abase"
],
[
"debase",
"debase"
],
[
"degrade",
"degrade"
],
[
"lower",
"lower#Verb"
],
[
"forcibly",
"forcibly"
],
[
"impose",
"impose"
],
[
"obedience",
"obedience"
],
[
"servitude",
"servitude"
],
[
"subjugate",
"subjugate"
]
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Mycology"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a fungus: to (forcibly) give off (spores or sporidia)."
],
"links": [
[
"mycology",
"mycology"
],
[
"fungus",
"fungus"
],
[
"give off",
"give off"
],
[
"spores",
"spore#Noun"
],
[
"sporidia",
"sporidium"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mycology) Of a fungus: to (forcibly) give off (spores or sporidia)."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"mycology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/æbˈd͡ʒɛkt/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛkt"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-abject2.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abject2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abject2.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/96/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abject2.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-abject2.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "ăbjĕktʹ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qabbaḥa",
"sense": "to cast off or out (someone or something)",
"word": "قَبَّحَ"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cast off or out (someone or something)",
"word": "abiettàre"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to cast off or out (someone or something)",
"word": "abiettàre"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to cast off or out (someone or something)",
"word": "avvise"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "abjectement"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "abjekt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: abjekt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: abjekt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "abjekt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: abjekt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: abjekt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "abject",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: abject",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: abject"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin abiectus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjecte",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "abjects",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject (feminine abjecte, masculine plural abjects, feminine plural abjectes)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "abjection"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Worthy of utmost contempt or disgust; vile; despicable"
],
"links": [
[
"contempt",
"contempt"
],
[
"disgust",
"disgust"
],
[
"vile",
"vile"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) Worthy of utmost contempt or disgust; vile; despicable"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French literary terms",
"French terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"of the lowest social position"
],
"links": [
[
"social",
"social"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, obsolete) of the lowest social position"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ab.ʒɛkt/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-abject.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/Fr-abject.ogg/Fr-abject.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Fr-abject.ogg",
"text": "abject"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "abject",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French abject",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "abject"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French abject",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "abiectus"
},
"expansion": "Latin abiectus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French abject, from Latin abiectus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "abjectă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecți",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "abject",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecții",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abject",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "abjecților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "abjectelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "abject m or n (feminine singular abjectă, masculine plural abjecți, feminine and neuter plural abjecte)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"abject"
],
"links": [
[
"abject",
"abject#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/abˈʒekt/"
}
],
"word": "abject"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.