See -ina on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ina meaning in All languages combined (46.2kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "mul:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of subtribes of animals"
],
"id": "en--ina-mul-suffix-Rt4GlCx~",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"subtribe",
"subtribe#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) Used to form names of subtribes of animals"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "mul:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of suborders of animals"
],
"id": "en--ina-mul-suffix-qfbPSHPp",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"suborder",
"suborder#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) Used to form names of suborders of animals"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "mul:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of taxa subordinate to the higher rank from which they are derived"
],
"id": "en--ina-mul-suffix-yqit7CRv",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"taxa",
"taxon#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) Used to form names of taxa subordinate to the higher rank from which they are derived"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "mul",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "mul:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 26 24 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of genera from other genera indicating a smaller size of organism"
],
"id": "en--ina-mul-suffix-RCwJTga6",
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"genera",
"genus#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) Used to form names of genera from other genera indicating a smaller size of organism"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-y (forming diminutives of feminine nouns)"
],
"id": "en--ina-ast-suffix-VU~B9zWv",
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ín"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "suffix form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-í"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of -í"
],
"id": "en--ina-ca-suffix-442-FcYq",
"links": [
[
"-í",
"-í#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 35 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "joc m (“game”) + -ina → joguina f (“toy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mantell m (“cloak”) + -ina → mantellina f (“mantilla”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms diminutives"
],
"id": "en--ina-ca-suffix-5GpYjV2W",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 35 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "taronja (“orange”) + -ina → taronjina (“orange blossom”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sang (“blood”) + -ina → sanguina (“blood orange”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "moltó (“wether (castrated ram)”) + -ina → moltonina (“sheepskin”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "escopir (“to spit”) + -ina → escopina (“spit, saliva”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms names of plants, animals, tools, and other nouns related to a base noun or verb"
],
"id": "en--ina-ca-suffix-laj-OI13",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 35 24 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ine (used to form names of chemical substances)"
],
"id": "en--ina-ca-suffix-CwDzk7pz",
"links": [
[
"-ine",
"-ine"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "pustý + -ina → pustina",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "list + -ina → listina",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kráva + -ina → kravina",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noun forming suffix"
],
"id": "en--ina-cs-suffix-lk0EEfVN",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ ɪna]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪna"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-inA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-inä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ina (front vowel harmony variant -inä, linguistic notation -inA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"var": "inä"
},
"expansion": "-ina (front vowel harmony variant -inä, linguistic notation -inA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix deriving nouns from verbs",
"word": "-na"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -na (suffix deriving nouns from verbs)"
],
"id": "en--ina-fi-suffix-AZbPs6ji",
"links": [
[
"-na",
"-na#Finnish:_nominal"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ina",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish -ina",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish -ina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Devi + -ina → Devina",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Karen + -ina → Karenina",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form some female names"
],
"id": "en--ina-id-suffix-4Q95O8f5",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈina/"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "English -ine",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "French -ine",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "it",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Italian -ina",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "pt",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese -ina",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ina",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "la",
"3": "-īna"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ine, French -ine, Italian -ina, Portuguese -ina/Spanish -ina, all ultimately from Latin -īna.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "ia-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ia-suffix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ia",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "ia:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "caseo (“cheese”) + -ina → caseina (“caseine”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "globulo (“globule”) + -ina → globulino (“globuline”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vacca (“cow”) + -ina → vaccina (“vaccine”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns from nouns, denoting a technical term for a substance; container"
],
"id": "en--ina-ia-suffix-Sv43liCg",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"container",
"container"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) forms nouns from nouns, denoting a technical term for a substance; container"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈina/"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "-īnus",
"4": "-īna"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -īna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ine",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ine)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ì‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 12 20 6 6 6 10 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "mano (“hand”) + -ina → manina (“small hand”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "coperta (“blanket”) + -ina → copertina (“cover”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflectional suffix used to form diminutives of feminine nouns"
],
"id": "en--ina-it-suffix-8NKG9DDE",
"links": [
[
"inflectional",
"inflectional#English"
],
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 12 20 6 6 6 10 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "eroe (“hero”) + -ina → eroina (“heroine”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Giuseppe + -ina → Giuseppina",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the feminine of masculine nouns and given names"
],
"id": "en--ina-it-suffix-w3WsM3iC",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 12 20 6 6 6 10 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "cinquanta (“fifty”) + -ina → cinquantina (“a total of about fifty”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form collective numerals"
],
"id": "en--ina-it-suffix-tozjuze7",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Croce Rossa (“Red Cross”) + -ina → crocerossina (“Red Cross nurse”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to derive nouns denoting a profession"
],
"id": "en--ina-it-suffix-C9oefUBC",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alessandria (“Alessandria; Alexandria”) + -ina → alessandrina (“female native or inhabitant of Alessandria or Alexandria”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to derive nouns denoting an ethnic or geographical origin"
],
"id": "en--ina-it-suffix-DTOBkD75",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities"
],
"id": "en--ina-it-suffix-NQ5lNMhV",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "-īnus",
"4": "-īna"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -īna.",
"hyphenation": [
"-ì‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "smeraldo (“emerald”) + -ina → smeraldina (“emerald (relational; feminine singular); emerald green (feminine singular)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming relational adjectives and demonyms",
"word": "-ino"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of -ino (suffix forming relational adjectives and demonyms)"
],
"id": "en--ina-it-suffix-48r7s2bi",
"links": [
[
"-ino",
"-ino#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ine",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ine)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ì‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "it:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 12 20 6 6 6 10 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form names of chemical substances; -ine"
],
"id": "en--ina-it-suffix-rVcEs1wC",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ine",
"-ine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) used to form names of chemical substances; -ine"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-etta"
},
{
"word": "-uccia"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus",
"t": "of or pertaining to"
},
"expansion": "-īnus (“of or pertaining to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "taberna",
"t": "shop, store"
},
"expansion": "taberna (“shop, store”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "medicīna",
"g": "f",
"t": "practice of medicine"
},
"expansion": "medicīna f (“practice of medicine”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ars",
"g": "f",
"t": "art"
},
"expansion": "ars f (“art”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of the feminine form of -īnus (“of or pertaining to”). For the nouns naming locations, perhaps compare the feminine gender of taberna (“shop, store”). Nouns in -īna with abstract senses, such as medicīna f (“practice of medicine”), can be interpreted as adjectives in agreement with a noun ars f (“art”) that is omitted by ellipsis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-īna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-īna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-īna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 21 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "opifex (“worker, craftsman, artisan”) + -īna → officīna (“workshop, workroom”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "coquus (“cook”) + -īna → coquīna (“kitchen; cookery”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fodiō (“to dig”) + -īna → fodīna (“mine”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "medicus (“doctor, physician”) + -īna → medicīna (“medicine; cure; practice of medicine”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns describing places where a certain activity is carried out, or abstract nouns naming activities"
],
"id": "en--ina-la-suffix-HEZyLJ33",
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"sense": "forms nouns denoting places",
"word": "-āria"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"sense": "forms nouns denoting places",
"word": "-ārium"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"sense": "forms nouns denoting places",
"word": "-tōrium"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine suffixes in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gallus (“rooster, cock”) + -īna → gallīna (“hen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cloāca (“sewer”) + -īna → Cloācīna (“goddess of the Cloaca Maxima”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns or names denoting female beings"
],
"id": "en--ina-la-suffix-nJSbDB6A",
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-īna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-īna"
},
"expansion": "-īna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -īnus:",
"nominative/vocative/ablative feminine singular"
],
"id": "en--ina-la-suffix-UsJ988pq",
"links": [
[
"-īnus",
"-inus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -īnus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural"
],
"id": "en--ina-la-suffix-ZF8jTQoA",
"links": [
[
"-īnus",
"-inus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maori entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Maori terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"passive ending (used for words ending in 'a')"
],
"id": "en--ina-mi-suffix-Q4HeSYFK",
"links": [
[
"passive",
"passive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ina"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns of various meanings"
],
"id": "en--ina-zlw-opl-suffix-D~~mckoF",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ina/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ina/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish -ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ina",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -ina, from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"i‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-i",
"2": "n"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "59 19 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 18 20 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 18 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 18 20 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"appended to nouns or proper nouns, often surnames to form nouns meaning: wife of"
],
"id": "en--ina-pl-suffix-LwSFYZ6Q",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) appended to nouns or proper nouns, often surnames to form nouns meaning: wife of"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-owa"
},
{
"_dis1": "63 19 18 0",
"word": "-yna"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"appended to animals to mean meat of"
],
"id": "en--ina-pl-suffix-ZawCVkiv",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) appended to animals to mean meat of"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"appended to trees to form nouns meaning: forest of"
],
"id": "en--ina-pl-suffix-JbZtJMqK",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) appended to trees to form nouns meaning: forest of"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns of various meanings"
],
"id": "en--ina-pl-suffix-D~~mckoF",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "pt:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ine, -in"
],
"id": "en--ina-pt-suffix-i3y8X~L9",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ine",
"-ine"
],
[
"-in",
"-in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ine, -in"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ина",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ina (Cyrillic spelling -ина)",
"name": "sh-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ina",
"10": "-ine",
"11": "-ini",
"12": "-inama",
"13": "-inom",
"14": "-inama",
"2": "-ine",
"3": "-ine",
"4": "-ina",
"5": "-ini",
"6": "-inama",
"7": "-inu",
"8": "-ine",
"9": "-ino"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "36 34 30",
"word": "-arina"
},
{
"_dis1": "36 34 30",
"word": "-enina"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 34 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create feminine nouns."
],
"id": "en--ina-sh-suffix-qcpcEN2f",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 34 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create a possessive form of feminine nouns."
],
"id": "en--ina-sh-suffix-1-NO318m",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 34 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to noun roots to form an augmentative (the resulting noun is always feminine) frequently with pejorative or negative connotation."
],
"id": "en--ina-sh-suffix-zHnpf-l1",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ina",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ína",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head2": "-ína"
},
"expansion": "-ina or -ína f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"added to adjectives to form an abstract noun"
],
"id": "en--ina-sl-suffix-JzYiEQo8",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ina/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-ìːna/"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ine",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French -ine",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -ine",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ine.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "es:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 33 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ine"
],
"id": "en--ina-es-suffix-9vtAOoSF",
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ine",
"-ine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ine"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Biochemistry",
"orig": "es:Biochemistry",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Chemistry",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-in"
],
"id": "en--ina-es-suffix-GjC~0Rmz",
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"-in",
"-in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry) -in"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ino"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female equivalent of -ino"
],
"id": "en--ina-es-suffix-0HMeUpQ~",
"links": [
[
"-ino",
"-ino#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ino"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of -ino"
],
"id": "en--ina-es-suffix-4eYeJPX7",
"links": [
[
"-ino",
"-ino#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns of various meanings"
],
"id": "en--ina-hsb-suffix-D~~mckoF",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ина"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-іна"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -іна (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -іна (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ина"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ина",
"3": "-їна"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ина (-yna), -їна (-jina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ина (-yna), -їна (-jina)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ина",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⰹⱀⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⰹⱀⰰ (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: -ⰹⱀⰰ (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ина"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ина"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ина",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ина",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ина"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ina",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -ina"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-īˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iHneh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-ynė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -ynė",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-iena"
},
"expansion": "-iena",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-eināˀ"
},
"expansion": "*-eināˀ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eyneh₂"
},
"expansion": "*-eyneh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-inъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-inъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂. Cognate with Lithuanian -ynė, -iena (< *-eināˀ < *-eyneh₂). Compare Proto-Slavic *-inъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ině",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-inъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ině",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-inamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-inǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-inojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-inasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ina",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "drugъ (“friend”) → *družina (“team, company”)"
},
{
"text": "rodъ (“kin, tribe”) → *rodina (“people or land belonging to the family”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming collectives related to vital importance."
],
"id": "en--ina-sla-pro-suffix-eR6JUu5-",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "dervo (“wood”) → *dervina (“sticks, trees”)"
},
{
"text": "dǫbъ (“oak”) → *dǫbina (“oak forest”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming collectives denoting names of trees, woods and bushes."
],
"id": "en--ina-sla-pro-suffix-mUv37-0H",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 9 30 11 4 11 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "berza (“birch”) → *berzovina (“birch forest; birch”)"
},
{
"text": "zvěrь (“animal”) → *zvěrina (“animals, game; animal”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming collective nouns that act as singulatives."
],
"id": "en--ina-sla-pro-suffix-~PhYL3ih",
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Denominal, forming collective nouns that act as singulatives."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "12 8 34 9 0 11 26",
"word": "-izna"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bělъ (“white”) → *bělina (“whiteness”)"
},
{
"text": "blizъ (“close”) → *blizina (“closeness”), *bližina (“closeness”)"
},
{
"text": "jьstъ (“true”) → *jьstina (“truth”)"
},
{
"text": "novъ (“new”) → *novina (“novelty”)"
},
{
"text": "bystrъ (“rapid, fast”) → *bystrina (“cleverness, quickness in thought”)"
},
{
"text": "tixъ (“silent”) → *tišina (“silence”)"
},
{
"text": "glǫbokъ (“deep”) → *glǫbina (“depth”)"
},
{
"text": "čistъ (“clear, pure”) → *čistina (“purity”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, denoting a property or a result."
],
"id": "en--ina-sla-pro-suffix-QmYIbUht",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "dolъ (“valley, depression”) → *dolina (“valley”)"
},
{
"text": "govędo (“ox”) → *govędina (“ox meat”)"
},
{
"text": "agnę (“lamb”) → *agnętina (“lamb meat”)"
},
{
"text": "bolto (“mud”) → *boltina, *boltovina (“swamp, marsh”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, miscellaneous uses."
],
"id": "en--ina-sla-pro-suffix-H7wwtIPX",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "golva (“head”) → *golvina"
},
{
"text": "lupa (“shell, husk”) → *lupina"
},
{
"text": "konьcь (“end”) → *konьčina"
},
{
"text": "godъ → *godina (“the right time”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, for expressive formations, usually of augmentative and pejorative connotation."
],
"id": "en--ina-sla-pro-suffix-7wVgEr1q",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gostь, *gostiti → *gostina (“hospitality”)"
},
{
"text": "brat(r)ъ, *brat(r)iti sę → *bratina, *bratrina (“fraternity”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal or deverbal, forming agentive and action nouns."
],
"id": "en--ina-sla-pro-suffix-uFTFytug",
"links": [
[
"agentive",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ín"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"Asturian feminine suffixes",
"Asturian lemmas",
"Asturian suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"-y (forming diminutives of feminine nouns)"
],
"links": [
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable suffixes",
"Catalan diminutive suffixes",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine suffixes",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan noun-forming suffixes",
"Catalan suffix forms",
"Catalan suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "suffix form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-í"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of -í"
],
"links": [
[
"-í",
"-í#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable suffixes",
"Catalan diminutive suffixes",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine suffixes",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan noun-forming suffixes",
"Catalan suffix forms",
"Catalan suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "joc m (“game”) + -ina → joguina f (“toy”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "mantell m (“cloak”) + -ina → mantellina f (“mantilla”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms diminutives"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "taronja (“orange”) + -ina → taronjina (“orange blossom”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "sang (“blood”) + -ina → sanguina (“blood orange”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "moltó (“wether (castrated ram)”) + -ina → moltonina (“sheepskin”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "escopir (“to spit”) + -ina → escopina (“spit, saliva”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms names of plants, animals, tools, and other nouns related to a base noun or verb"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan countable suffixes",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan feminine suffixes",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan noun-forming suffixes",
"Catalan suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ines",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ines)",
"name": "ca-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"-ine (used to form names of chemical substances)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ine",
"-ine"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix)",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech feminine suffixes",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech noun-forming suffixes",
"Czech suffixes",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Czech/ɪna"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "pustý + -ina → pustina",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "list + -ina → listina",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kráva + -ina → kravina",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"noun forming suffix"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ ɪna]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪna"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inä",
"tags": [
"front-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"10": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"11": "",
"12": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"13": "linguistic notation",
"14": "-inA",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{comp}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup}}}",
"2": "suffixes",
"3": "front vowel harmony variant",
"4": "-inä",
"5": "",
"6": "-{{{stem}}}-",
"7": "",
"8": "-{{{stem2}}}-",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"f3nolink": "1",
"f4nolink": "1",
"f5nolink": "1",
"f6nolink": "1",
"f7nolink": "1",
"f8nolink": "1",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "-ina (front vowel harmony variant -inä, linguistic notation -inA)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun",
"var": "inä"
},
"expansion": "-ina (front vowel harmony variant -inä, linguistic notation -inA)",
"name": "fi-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix deriving nouns from verbs",
"word": "-na"
}
],
"categories": [
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish noun-forming suffixes",
"Finnish suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -na (suffix deriving nouns from verbs)"
],
"links": [
[
"-na",
"-na#Finnish:_nominal"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ina",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish -ina",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish -ina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian suffixes",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Spanish",
"Indonesian terms derived from Spanish",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Devi + -ina → Devina",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Karen + -ina → Karenina",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form some female names"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈina/"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "en",
"3": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "English -ine",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "French -ine",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "it",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Italian -ina",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "pt",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese -ina",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "es",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Spanish -ina",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "la",
"3": "-īna"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īna",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from English -ine, French -ine, Italian -ina, Portuguese -ina/Spanish -ina, all ultimately from Latin -īna.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "ia-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"Interlingua lemmas",
"Interlingua suffixes",
"Interlingua terms borrowed from English",
"Interlingua terms borrowed from French",
"Interlingua terms borrowed from Italian",
"Interlingua terms borrowed from Portuguese",
"Interlingua terms borrowed from Spanish",
"Interlingua terms derived from English",
"Interlingua terms derived from French",
"Interlingua terms derived from Italian",
"Interlingua terms derived from Latin",
"Interlingua terms derived from Portuguese",
"Interlingua terms derived from Spanish",
"Interlingua terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:ia-suffix",
"ia:Chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "caseo (“cheese”) + -ina → caseina (“caseine”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "globulo (“globule”) + -ina → globulino (“globuline”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "vacca (“cow”) + -ina → vaccina (“vaccine”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms nouns from nouns, denoting a technical term for a substance; container"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"container",
"container"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) forms nouns from nouns, denoting a technical term for a substance; container"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈina/"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable suffixes",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine suffixes",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun-forming suffixes",
"Italian suffix forms",
"Italian suffixes",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Italian/ina",
"Rhymes:Italian/ina/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "-īnus",
"4": "-īna"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -īna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ine",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ine)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ì‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "mano (“hand”) + -ina → manina (“small hand”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "coperta (“blanket”) + -ina → copertina (“cover”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflectional suffix used to form diminutives of feminine nouns"
],
"links": [
[
"inflectional",
"inflectional#English"
],
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "eroe (“hero”) + -ina → eroina (“heroine”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Giuseppe + -ina → Giuseppina",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form the feminine of masculine nouns and given names"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "cinquanta (“fifty”) + -ina → cinquantina (“a total of about fifty”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to form collective numerals"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Croce Rossa (“Red Cross”) + -ina → crocerossina (“Red Cross nurse”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to derive nouns denoting a profession"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Alessandria (“Alessandria; Alexandria”) + -ina → alessandrina (“female native or inhabitant of Alessandria or Alexandria”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to derive nouns denoting an ethnic or geographical origin"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"used to derive adjectives denoting composition, color or other qualities"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable suffixes",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine suffixes",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun-forming suffixes",
"Italian suffix forms",
"Italian suffixes",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Italian/ina",
"Rhymes:Italian/ina/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "-īnus",
"4": "-īna"
},
"expansion": "Latin -īna",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -īna.",
"hyphenation": [
"-ì‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "smeraldo (“emerald”) + -ina → smeraldina (“emerald (relational; feminine singular); emerald green (feminine singular)”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "suffix forming relational adjectives and demonyms",
"word": "-ino"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of -ino (suffix forming relational adjectives and demonyms)"
],
"links": [
[
"-ino",
"-ino#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable suffixes",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine suffixes",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian noun-forming suffixes",
"Italian suffixes",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Italian/ina",
"Rhymes:Italian/ina/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ine",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -ine)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-ì‧na"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-etta"
},
{
"word": "-uccia"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"it:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"used to form names of chemical substances; -ine"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ine",
"-ine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) used to form names of chemical substances; -ine"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine suffixes",
"Latin feminine suffixes in the first declension",
"Latin first declension suffixes",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun-forming suffixes",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-īnus",
"t": "of or pertaining to"
},
"expansion": "-īnus (“of or pertaining to”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "taberna",
"t": "shop, store"
},
"expansion": "taberna (“shop, store”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "medicīna",
"g": "f",
"t": "practice of medicine"
},
"expansion": "medicīna f (“practice of medicine”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ars",
"g": "f",
"t": "art"
},
"expansion": "ars f (“art”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of the feminine form of -īnus (“of or pertaining to”). For the nouns naming locations, perhaps compare the feminine gender of taberna (“shop, store”). Nouns in -īna with abstract senses, such as medicīna f (“practice of medicine”), can be interpreted as adjectives in agreement with a noun ars f (“art”) that is omitted by ellipsis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-īna",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-īna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-īnae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-īna<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "opifex (“worker, craftsman, artisan”) + -īna → officīna (“workshop, workroom”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "coquus (“cook”) + -īna → coquīna (“kitchen; cookery”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fodiō (“to dig”) + -īna → fodīna (“mine”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "medicus (“doctor, physician”) + -īna → medicīna (“medicine; cure; practice of medicine”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns describing places where a certain activity is carried out, or abstract nouns naming activities"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gallus (“rooster, cock”) + -īna → gallīna (“hen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "cloāca (“sewer”) + -īna → Cloācīna (“goddess of the Cloaca Maxima”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns or names denoting female beings"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "forms nouns denoting places",
"word": "-āria"
},
{
"sense": "forms nouns denoting places",
"word": "-ārium"
},
{
"sense": "forms nouns denoting places",
"word": "-tōrium"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-īna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "suffix form",
"head": "-īna"
},
"expansion": "-īna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -īnus:",
"nominative/vocative/ablative feminine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"-īnus",
"-inus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of -īnus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural"
],
"links": [
[
"-īnus",
"-inus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈiː.na/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiːnä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈiːnä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Maori entries with incorrect language header",
"Maori entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Maori lemmas",
"Maori passive suffixes",
"Maori suffixes",
"Maori terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"passive ending (used for words ending in 'a')"
],
"links": [
[
"passive",
"passive"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ina"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish suffixes",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns of various meanings"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ina/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/ina/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine suffixes",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina",
"Rhymes:Polish/ina/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish -ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ina",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -ina, from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"i‧na"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-i",
"2": "n"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"appended to nouns or proper nouns, often surnames to form nouns meaning: wife of"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) appended to nouns or proper nouns, often surnames to form nouns meaning: wife of"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-owa"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"appended to animals to mean meat of"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) appended to animals to mean meat of"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"appended to trees to form nouns meaning: forest of"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) appended to trees to form nouns meaning: forest of"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns of various meanings"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈi.na/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ina"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-yna"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese countable suffixes",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine suffixes",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese noun-forming suffixes",
"Portuguese suffixes",
"pt:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"-ine, -in"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ine",
"-ine"
],
[
"-in",
"-in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ine, -in"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic suffixes",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "-ина"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "-іна"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: -іна (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: -іна (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "-ина"
},
"expansion": "Russian: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "-ина",
"3": "-їна"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: -ина (-yna), -їна (-jina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: -ина (-yna), -їна (-jina)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ина",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-ⰹⱀⰰ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: -ⰹⱀⰰ (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: -ⰹⱀⰰ (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "-ина"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "-ина"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: -ина (-ina)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: -ина (-ina)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ина",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: -ина",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: -ина"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-ina",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Czech: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Polish: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: -ina"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "-ina"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: -ina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: -ina"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-īˀnāˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iHneh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-ynė"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian -ynė",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-iena"
},
"expansion": "-iena",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*-eināˀ"
},
"expansion": "*-eināˀ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-eyneh₂"
},
"expansion": "*-eyneh₂",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-inъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-inъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂. Cognate with Lithuanian -ynė, -iena (< *-eināˀ < *-eyneh₂). Compare Proto-Slavic *-inъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ině",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-iny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-inъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ině",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-inamъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-inǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-inojǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-inasъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inaxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "-ino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ina",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "drugъ (“friend”) → *družina (“team, company”)"
},
{
"text": "rodъ (“kin, tribe”) → *rodina (“people or land belonging to the family”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming collectives related to vital importance."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "dervo (“wood”) → *dervina (“sticks, trees”)"
},
{
"text": "dǫbъ (“oak”) → *dǫbina (“oak forest”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming collectives denoting names of trees, woods and bushes."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "berza (“birch”) → *berzovina (“birch forest; birch”)"
},
{
"text": "zvěrь (“animal”) → *zvěrina (“animals, game; animal”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, forming collective nouns that act as singulatives."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) Denominal, forming collective nouns that act as singulatives."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "bělъ (“white”) → *bělina (“whiteness”)"
},
{
"text": "blizъ (“close”) → *blizina (“closeness”), *bližina (“closeness”)"
},
{
"text": "jьstъ (“true”) → *jьstina (“truth”)"
},
{
"text": "novъ (“new”) → *novina (“novelty”)"
},
{
"text": "bystrъ (“rapid, fast”) → *bystrina (“cleverness, quickness in thought”)"
},
{
"text": "tixъ (“silent”) → *tišina (“silence”)"
},
{
"text": "glǫbokъ (“deep”) → *glǫbina (“depth”)"
},
{
"text": "čistъ (“clear, pure”) → *čistina (“purity”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Deadjectival, denoting a property or a result."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "dolъ (“valley, depression”) → *dolina (“valley”)"
},
{
"text": "govędo (“ox”) → *govędina (“ox meat”)"
},
{
"text": "agnę (“lamb”) → *agnętina (“lamb meat”)"
},
{
"text": "bolto (“mud”) → *boltina, *boltovina (“swamp, marsh”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, miscellaneous uses."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "golva (“head”) → *golvina"
},
{
"text": "lupa (“shell, husk”) → *lupina"
},
{
"text": "konьcь (“end”) → *konьčina"
},
{
"text": "godъ → *godina (“the right time”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal, for expressive formations, usually of augmentative and pejorative connotation."
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gostь, *gostiti → *gostina (“hospitality”)"
},
{
"text": "brat(r)ъ, *brat(r)iti sę → *bratina, *bratrina (“fraternity”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denominal or deverbal, forming agentive and action nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"agentive",
"agent noun#English"
],
[
"action noun",
"action noun#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-izna"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian suffixes",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ина",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ino",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-inom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-inama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-ina (Cyrillic spelling -ина)",
"name": "sh-suffix"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-ina",
"10": "-ine",
"11": "-ini",
"12": "-inama",
"13": "-inom",
"14": "-inama",
"2": "-ine",
"3": "-ine",
"4": "-ina",
"5": "-ini",
"6": "-inama",
"7": "-inu",
"8": "-ine",
"9": "-ino"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-arina"
},
{
"word": "-enina"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create feminine nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to words to create a possessive form of feminine nouns."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to noun roots to form an augmentative (the resulting noun is always feminine) frequently with pejorative or negative connotation."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ina",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ína",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f",
"head2": "-ína"
},
"expansion": "-ina or -ína f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovene feminine suffixes",
"Slovene lemmas",
"Slovene suffixes",
"Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"added to adjectives to form an abstract noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-ina/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-ìːna/"
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish countable suffixes",
"Spanish diminutive suffixes",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine suffixes",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish noun-forming suffixes",
"Spanish suffix forms",
"Spanish suffixes",
"Spanish terms borrowed from French",
"Spanish terms derived from French"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ine",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French -ine",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fr",
"3": "-ine"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French -ine",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French -ine.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"es:Chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"-ine"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"-ine",
"-ine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) -ine"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"es:Biochemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"-in"
],
"links": [
[
"biochemistry",
"biochemistry"
],
[
"-in",
"-in"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biochemistry) -in"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biochemistry",
"biology",
"chemistry",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish countable suffixes",
"Spanish diminutive suffixes",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine suffixes",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish noun-forming suffixes",
"Spanish suffix forms",
"Spanish suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-inas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f (noun-forming suffix, plural -inas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish female equivalent suffixes"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ino"
}
],
"glosses": [
"female equivalent of -ino"
],
"links": [
[
"-ino",
"-ino#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish countable suffixes",
"Spanish diminutive suffixes",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine suffixes",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish noun-forming suffixes",
"Spanish suffix forms",
"Spanish suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-ino"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of -ino"
],
"links": [
[
"-ino",
"-ino#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"categories": [
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ina",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"mul:Taxonomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of subtribes of animals"
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"subtribe",
"subtribe#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) Used to form names of subtribes of animals"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mul:Taxonomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of suborders of animals"
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"suborder",
"suborder#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) Used to form names of suborders of animals"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mul:Taxonomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of taxa subordinate to the higher rank from which they are derived"
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"taxa",
"taxon#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) Used to form names of taxa subordinate to the higher rank from which they are derived"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"mul:Taxonomy"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form names of genera from other genera indicating a smaller size of organism"
],
"links": [
[
"taxonomy",
"taxonomy"
],
[
"genera",
"genus#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(taxonomy) Used to form names of genera from other genera indicating a smaller size of organism"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"taxonomy"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-ina"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ina.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "-ina f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Upper Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Upper Sorbian feminine suffixes",
"Upper Sorbian lemmas",
"Upper Sorbian suffixes",
"Upper Sorbian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"forms feminine nouns of various meanings"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ina"
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ina",
"ia-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Interlingua",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ina",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ina",
"ia-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Interlingua",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ina",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ina",
"ia-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Interlingua",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ina",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ina",
"ia-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Interlingua",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ina",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ina",
"ia-suffix",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Interlingua",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ina",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ina",
"ia-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Interlingua",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ina",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"-ina",
"ia-suffix",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Interlingua",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ina",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.