See 化人 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "化人",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"immortal; supernatural entity; celestial being; transcendent being"
],
"id": "en-化人-zh-noun-Y4hjWwjR",
"links": [
[
"immortal",
"immortal"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"entity",
"entity"
],
[
"celestial",
"celestial"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"transcendent",
"transcendent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, Classical) immortal; supernatural entity; celestial being; transcendent being"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xiānrén",
"word": "仙人"
},
{
"roman": "shénxiān",
"word": "神仙"
}
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "huàrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "huàrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "huàrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hua⁴-jên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hwà-rén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "huahren"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "хуажэнь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xuažɛnʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/"
}
],
"word": "化人"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fro",
"3": "franc"
},
"expansion": "Old French franc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fa",
"3": "فرنگ",
"gloss": "Frank; French; European; Christian",
"tr": "farang"
},
"expansion": "Persian فرنگ (farang, “Frank; French; European; Christian”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "فرنگی",
"tr": "farangī~firangī"
},
"expansion": "Urdu فرنگی (farangī~firangī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "फ़िरंगी",
"t": "foreigner"
},
"expansion": "Hindi फ़िरंगी (firaṅgī, “foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဘရင်ဂျီ",
"t": "Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi, “Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ฝรั่ง",
"gloss": "westerner"
},
"expansion": "Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng, “westerner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farang",
"t": "western foreigner (in Thailand)"
},
"expansion": "English farang (“western foreigner (in Thailand)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຝະລັ່ງ",
"gloss": "Frenchman; white foreigner"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang, “Frenchman; white foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បារាំង",
"gloss": "Frenchman; European"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បារាំង (baarang, “Frenchman; European”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "Peringgi",
"t": "Portuguese"
},
"expansion": "Malay Peringgi (“Portuguese”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phật lăng",
"t": "franc"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese phật lăng (“franc”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "佛郎機",
"tr": "fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "佛郎機",
"tr": "fólángjī"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fólángjī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan-hbl",
"2": "番人",
"t": "foreigner",
"tr": "hoan-lâng"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng, “foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly ultimately from Old French franc through Persian فرنگ (farang, “Frank; French; European; Christian”). Compare Urdu فرنگی (farangī~firangī), Hindi फ़िरंगी (firaṅgī, “foreigner”), Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi, “Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese”), Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng, “westerner”), Thai English farang (“western foreigner (in Thailand)”), Lao ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang, “Frenchman; white foreigner”), Khmer បារាំង (baarang, “Frenchman; European”), Malay Peringgi (“Portuguese”) as in Batu Ferringhi, Vietnamese phật lăng (“franc”), Cantonese 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹), Mandarin 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fólángjī), Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng, “foreigner”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "化人",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Philippine Hokkien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quanzhou Hokkien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Spaniard"
],
"id": "en-化人-zh-noun-6hiXWLFG",
"links": [
[
"Spaniard",
"Spaniard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien, archaic, historical) Spaniard"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "西班牙人"
}
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippine",
"Quanzhou",
"archaic",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Philippine Hokkien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"white person; Caucasian; westerner; ang moh (person of European descent usually with white skin complexion, especially white Caucasian Americans)"
],
"id": "en-化人-zh-noun-m1ffhhCq",
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"Caucasian",
"Caucasian"
],
[
"westerner",
"westerner"
],
[
"ang moh",
"ang moh"
],
[
"European",
"European#English"
],
[
"descent",
"descent#English"
],
[
"white",
"white#English"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#English"
],
[
"complexion",
"complexion#English"
],
[
"Caucasian",
"Caucasian#English"
],
[
"American",
"American#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippine Hokkien) white person; Caucasian; westerner; ang moh (person of European descent usually with white skin complexion, especially white Caucasian Americans)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"word": "白種人"
},
{
"word": "西方人"
},
{
"word": "西洋儂"
}
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "hòa-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hòa-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "huà-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hoarlaang"
},
{
"ipa": "/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippines",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "西方人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "白人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "白種人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "老外"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "毛子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "白人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "老外"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "紅毛人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "外國佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "洋鬼子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "高鼻子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "洋鬼子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "西人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "老西"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "老番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "鬼子佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛 dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛鬼 dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "西人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "白人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "老番 dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "紅毛鬼 dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "白鬼 dated"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Macau"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "老番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "老番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "番鬼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "番人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "番鬼仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yudu"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "鉤鼻仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "鉤鼻仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "鉤鼻仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "鉤鼻公"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "紅毛人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "番仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "𧺤毛的"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "番仔鬼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "番仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "𧺤毛的"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "番仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "𧺤毛的"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "紅毛仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Lukang"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "啄鼻仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "西洋儂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "啄鼻仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "紅毛猴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "紅毛儂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "紅毛猴"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "化人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "白種人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "西洋儂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "西方人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "番儂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "紅毛囝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "番囝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "紅毛囝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "紅毛鬼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "紅毛儂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Leizhou"
],
"word": "鉤鼻鬼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "番鬼"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "高鼻綠目"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "高鼻塌目"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "番人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "高鼻頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "紅毛洋人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "洋人子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "洋人"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Batu Ferringhi",
"Dominican Order",
"National Tsing Hua University",
"Tinglish",
"University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives"
],
"word": "化人"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fro",
"3": "franc"
},
"expansion": "Old French franc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fa",
"3": "فرنگ",
"gloss": "Frank; French; European; Christian",
"tr": "farang"
},
"expansion": "Persian فرنگ (farang, “Frank; French; European; Christian”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "فرنگی",
"tr": "farangī~firangī"
},
"expansion": "Urdu فرنگی (farangī~firangī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "फ़िरंगी",
"t": "foreigner"
},
"expansion": "Hindi फ़िरंगी (firaṅgī, “foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဘရင်ဂျီ",
"t": "Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi, “Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ฝรั่ง",
"gloss": "westerner"
},
"expansion": "Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng, “westerner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farang",
"t": "western foreigner (in Thailand)"
},
"expansion": "English farang (“western foreigner (in Thailand)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຝະລັ່ງ",
"gloss": "Frenchman; white foreigner"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang, “Frenchman; white foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បារាំង",
"gloss": "Frenchman; European"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បារាំង (baarang, “Frenchman; European”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "Peringgi",
"t": "Portuguese"
},
"expansion": "Malay Peringgi (“Portuguese”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phật lăng",
"t": "franc"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese phật lăng (“franc”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "佛郎機",
"tr": "fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "佛郎機",
"tr": "fólángjī"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fólángjī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan-hbl",
"2": "番人",
"t": "foreigner",
"tr": "hoan-lâng"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng, “foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly ultimately from Old French franc through Persian فرنگ (farang, “Frank; French; European; Christian”). Compare Urdu فرنگی (farangī~firangī), Hindi फ़िरंगी (firaṅgī, “foreigner”), Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi, “Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese”), Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng, “westerner”), Thai English farang (“western foreigner (in Thailand)”), Lao ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang, “Frenchman; white foreigner”), Khmer បារាំង (baarang, “Frenchman; European”), Malay Peringgi (“Portuguese”) as in Batu Ferringhi, Vietnamese phật lăng (“franc”), Cantonese 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹), Mandarin 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fólángjī), Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng, “foreigner”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "化人",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Philippine Hokkien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "57 17 1 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 8 1 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 5 1 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "化人筆"
},
{
"word": "化人笔"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Spanish"
],
"id": "en-化人-zh-adj-NBEFnLjg",
"links": [
[
"Spanish",
"Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippine Hokkien, archaic, historical) Spanish"
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippine",
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "hòa-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hòa-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "huà-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hoarlaang"
},
{
"ipa": "/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippines",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Batu Ferringhi",
"Dominican Order",
"National Tsing Hua University",
"Tinglish",
"University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives"
],
"word": "化人"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Old French",
"Chinese terms derived from Persian",
"Chinese terms spelled with 人",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "化人",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
"Classical Chinese"
],
"glosses": [
"immortal; supernatural entity; celestial being; transcendent being"
],
"links": [
[
"immortal",
"immortal"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
],
[
"entity",
"entity"
],
[
"celestial",
"celestial"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"transcendent",
"transcendent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, Classical) immortal; supernatural entity; celestial being; transcendent being"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "huàrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄖㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "huàrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "huàrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "hua⁴-jên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "hwà-rén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "huahren"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "хуажэнь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "xuažɛnʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/xu̯ä⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "xiānrén",
"word": "仙人"
},
{
"roman": "shénxiān",
"word": "神仙"
}
],
"word": "化人"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Old French",
"Chinese terms derived from Persian",
"Chinese terms spelled with 人",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fro",
"3": "franc"
},
"expansion": "Old French franc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fa",
"3": "فرنگ",
"gloss": "Frank; French; European; Christian",
"tr": "farang"
},
"expansion": "Persian فرنگ (farang, “Frank; French; European; Christian”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "فرنگی",
"tr": "farangī~firangī"
},
"expansion": "Urdu فرنگی (farangī~firangī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "फ़िरंगी",
"t": "foreigner"
},
"expansion": "Hindi फ़िरंगी (firaṅgī, “foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဘရင်ဂျီ",
"t": "Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi, “Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ฝรั่ง",
"gloss": "westerner"
},
"expansion": "Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng, “westerner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farang",
"t": "western foreigner (in Thailand)"
},
"expansion": "English farang (“western foreigner (in Thailand)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຝະລັ່ງ",
"gloss": "Frenchman; white foreigner"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang, “Frenchman; white foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បារាំង",
"gloss": "Frenchman; European"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បារាំង (baarang, “Frenchman; European”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "Peringgi",
"t": "Portuguese"
},
"expansion": "Malay Peringgi (“Portuguese”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phật lăng",
"t": "franc"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese phật lăng (“franc”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "佛郎機",
"tr": "fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "佛郎機",
"tr": "fólángjī"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fólángjī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan-hbl",
"2": "番人",
"t": "foreigner",
"tr": "hoan-lâng"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng, “foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly ultimately from Old French franc through Persian فرنگ (farang, “Frank; French; European; Christian”). Compare Urdu فرنگی (farangī~firangī), Hindi फ़िरंगी (firaṅgī, “foreigner”), Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi, “Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese”), Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng, “westerner”), Thai English farang (“western foreigner (in Thailand)”), Lao ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang, “Frenchman; white foreigner”), Khmer បារាំង (baarang, “Frenchman; European”), Malay Peringgi (“Portuguese”) as in Batu Ferringhi, Vietnamese phật lăng (“franc”), Cantonese 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹), Mandarin 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fólángjī), Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng, “foreigner”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "化人",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with archaic senses",
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Philippine Hokkien",
"Quanzhou Hokkien"
],
"glosses": [
"Spaniard"
],
"links": [
[
"Spaniard",
"Spaniard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien, archaic, historical) Spaniard"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "西班牙人"
}
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippine",
"Quanzhou",
"archaic",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Philippine Hokkien"
],
"glosses": [
"white person; Caucasian; westerner; ang moh (person of European descent usually with white skin complexion, especially white Caucasian Americans)"
],
"links": [
[
"white",
"white"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"Caucasian",
"Caucasian"
],
[
"westerner",
"westerner"
],
[
"ang moh",
"ang moh"
],
[
"European",
"European#English"
],
[
"descent",
"descent#English"
],
[
"white",
"white#English"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#English"
],
[
"complexion",
"complexion#English"
],
[
"Caucasian",
"Caucasian#English"
],
[
"American",
"American#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippine Hokkien) white person; Caucasian; westerner; ang moh (person of European descent usually with white skin complexion, especially white Caucasian Americans)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"word": "白種人"
},
{
"word": "西方人"
},
{
"word": "西洋儂"
}
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "hòa-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hòa-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "huà-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hoarlaang"
},
{
"ipa": "/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippines",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "西方人"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "白人"
},
{
"tags": [
"formal",
"Standard-Chinese"
],
"word": "白種人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "老外"
},
{
"tags": [
"Beijing"
],
"word": "毛子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "白人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "老外"
},
{
"tags": [
"Malaysia"
],
"word": "紅毛人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore"
],
"word": "外國佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jilu-Mandarin",
"Jinan"
],
"word": "洋鬼子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wanrong"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xi'an"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lanzhou"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Wuhan"
],
"word": "高鼻子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Southwestern-Mandarin",
"Liuzhou"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jianghuai-Mandarin",
"Nanjing"
],
"word": "洋鬼子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "西人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "老西"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "老番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "鬼子佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛鬼 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "西人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "白人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "老番 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "紅毛鬼 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Hong-Kong"
],
"word": "白鬼 dated"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Macau"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "老番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "老番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "番鬼"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "番鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Chikan",
"Kaiping"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Kuala-Lumpur"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangfu",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "鬼佬"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Lichuan"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Pingxiang"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "番人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"word": "番鬼仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yudu"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "鉤鼻仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Northern"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "鉤鼻仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Pingtung"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "鉤鼻仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "鉤鼻公"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Taichung"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "鉤鼻仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hsinchu-County"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "西洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Yunlin"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "紅毛人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "番仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "𧺤毛的"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiamen"
],
"word": "番仔鬼"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "番仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"word": "𧺤毛的"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "番仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "紅毛番"
},
{
"tags": [
"Zhangzhou"
],
"word": "𧺤毛的"
},
{
"tags": [
"Kaohsiung"
],
"word": "紅毛仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Lukang"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "啄鼻仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Taichung"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "西洋儂"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Tainan"
],
"word": "啄鼻仔"
},
{
"word": "阿啄仔"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Penang"
],
"word": "紅毛猴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "紅毛儂"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Singapore"
],
"word": "紅毛猴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "化人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "白種人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "西洋儂"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Manila"
],
"word": "西方人"
},
{
"word": "番儂"
},
{
"word": "紅毛囝"
},
{
"word": "番囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "紅毛囝"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jieyang"
],
"word": "紅毛鬼"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"tags": [
"Singapore",
"Teochew"
],
"word": "紅毛儂"
},
{
"tags": [
"Leizhou"
],
"word": "鉤鼻鬼"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "番鬼"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "紅毛"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "高鼻綠目"
},
{
"tags": [
"Haikou"
],
"word": "高鼻塌目"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Shanghai"
],
"word": "洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "番人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu",
"Wenzhou"
],
"word": "高鼻頭"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "紅毛洋人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "洋人子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Xiang",
"Changsha"
],
"word": "洋人"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Batu Ferringhi",
"Dominican Order",
"National Tsing Hua University",
"Tinglish",
"University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives"
],
"word": "化人"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese adjectives",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms derived from Old French",
"Chinese terms derived from Persian",
"Chinese terms spelled with 人",
"Chinese terms spelled with 化",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "化人筆"
},
{
"word": "化人笔"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fro",
"3": "franc"
},
"expansion": "Old French franc",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "fa",
"3": "فرنگ",
"gloss": "Frank; French; European; Christian",
"tr": "farang"
},
"expansion": "Persian فرنگ (farang, “Frank; French; European; Christian”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ur",
"2": "فرنگی",
"tr": "farangī~firangī"
},
"expansion": "Urdu فرنگی (farangī~firangī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "फ़िरंगी",
"t": "foreigner"
},
"expansion": "Hindi फ़िरंगी (firaṅgī, “foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ဘရင်ဂျီ",
"t": "Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi, “Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "ฝรั่ง",
"gloss": "westerner"
},
"expansion": "Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng, “westerner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "farang",
"t": "western foreigner (in Thailand)"
},
"expansion": "English farang (“western foreigner (in Thailand)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ຝະລັ່ງ",
"gloss": "Frenchman; white foreigner"
},
"expansion": "Lao ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang, “Frenchman; white foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "បារាំង",
"gloss": "Frenchman; European"
},
"expansion": "Khmer បារាំង (baarang, “Frenchman; European”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "Peringgi",
"t": "Portuguese"
},
"expansion": "Malay Peringgi (“Portuguese”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "phật lăng",
"t": "franc"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese phật lăng (“franc”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "yue",
"2": "佛郎機",
"tr": "fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹"
},
"expansion": "Cantonese 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "佛郎機",
"tr": "fólángjī"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fólángjī)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan-hbl",
"2": "番人",
"t": "foreigner",
"tr": "hoan-lâng"
},
"expansion": "Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng, “foreigner”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly ultimately from Old French franc through Persian فرنگ (farang, “Frank; French; European; Christian”). Compare Urdu فرنگی (farangī~firangī), Hindi फ़िरंगी (firaṅgī, “foreigner”), Burmese ဘရင်ဂျီ (bha.ranggyi, “Roman Catholic; Caucasian especially Portuguese”), Thai ฝรั่ง (fà-ràng, “westerner”), Thai English farang (“western foreigner (in Thailand)”), Lao ຝະລັ່ງ (fa lang, “Frenchman; white foreigner”), Khmer បារាំង (baarang, “Frenchman; European”), Malay Peringgi (“Portuguese”) as in Batu Ferringhi, Vietnamese phật lăng (“franc”), Cantonese 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fat⁶ long⁴ gei¹), Mandarin 佛郎機／佛郎机 (fólángjī), Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng, “foreigner”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "化人",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with archaic senses",
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Philippine Hokkien"
],
"glosses": [
"Spanish"
],
"links": [
[
"Spanish",
"Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Philippine Hokkien, archaic, historical) Spanish"
],
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippine",
"archaic",
"historical"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"zh-pron": "hòa-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "hòa-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "huà-lâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "hoarlaang"
},
{
"ipa": "/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippines",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/hua⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ laŋ²⁴/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Batu Ferringhi",
"Dominican Order",
"National Tsing Hua University",
"Tinglish",
"University of Santo Tomas#Libraries and archives"
],
"word": "化人"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 化人 meaning in All languages combined (18.1kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"化人"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "化人",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"化人"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "化人",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"化人"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "化人",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.