"không" meaning in Vietnamese

See không in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|nan|-}} Min Nan, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|adjective|||||||head=|tr=}} không, {{vi-adj}} không
  1. without anything added
    Sense id: en-không-vi-adj-HLhovF0j
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Adverb

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|nan|-}} Min Nan, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|adverb|||head=|tr=}} không, {{vi-adv}} không
  1. not (negates meaning of verb)
    Sense id: en-không-vi-adv-HMEKB9tr
  2. idly, without doing anything
    Sense id: en-không-vi-adv-qNCm6N0T
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Interjection

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|nan|-}} Min Nan, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|interjection|head=|tr=}} không, {{vi-int}} không
  1. (to an affirmative question) no
    Sense id: en-không-vi-intj-k5Apjz-w
  2. (to a negative question) yes
    Sense id: en-không-vi-intj-inmIkP6T
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Numeral

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|nan|-}} Min Nan, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|numeral}} không
  1. (cardinal number) zero Tags: cardinal, numeral Categories (topical): Vietnamese cardinal numbers, Zero
    Sense id: en-không-vi-num--RlOc~np Disambiguation of Zero: 8 5 5 0 6 61 11 3 Related terms: chả, chẳng, đừng, đâu, nào, đếch [vulgar], đách [vulgar], đéo [vulgar], cóc, ứ, chớ, chứ, nỏ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Particle

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|nan|-}} Min Nan, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|particle}} không
  1. at or near the end of a question, makes it a yes-no question Related terms: có, à, hả, ư
    Sense id: en-không-vi-particle-BPzVJ08A Categories (other): Pages with raw sortkeys, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header, Vietnamese interrogative particles, Vietnamese particles Disambiguation of Pages with raw sortkeys: 0 8 20 15 10 1 11 0 28 6 Disambiguation of Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header: 29 17 4 1 4 0 43 2 Disambiguation of Vietnamese interrogative particles: 21 18 10 1 12 0 31 7 Disambiguation of Vietnamese particles: 25 21 4 3 4 0 40 3
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Verb

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|nan|-}} Min Nan, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|verb|||head=|tr=}} không, {{vi-verb}} không
  1. not have; to lack
    Sense id: en-không-vi-verb-LmRaSY4X
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Alternative forms

Download JSONL data for không meaning in Vietnamese (20.3kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Min Nan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am not Vietnamese.",
          "text": "Tôi không phải là người Việt Nam.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "not (negates meaning of verb)"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-adv-HMEKB9tr",
      "links": [
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "idly, without doing anything"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-adv-qNCm6N0T",
      "links": [
        [
          "idly",
          "idly"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Min Nan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "not have; to lack"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-verb-LmRaSY4X",
      "links": [
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ],
        [
          "have",
          "have"
        ],
        [
          "lack",
          "lack"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Min Nan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "only rice",
          "text": "cơm không",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "without anything added"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-adj-HLhovF0j"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Min Nan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "interjection",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-int"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "no"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-intj-k5Apjz-w",
      "links": [
        [
          "no",
          "no"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "to an affirmative question",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(to an affirmative question) no"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "yes"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-intj-inmIkP6T",
      "links": [
        [
          "yes",
          "yes"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "to a negative question",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(to a negative question) yes"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Min Nan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 8 20 15 10 1 11 0 28 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 17 4 1 4 0 43 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 18 10 1 12 0 31 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese interrogative particles",
          "parents": [
            "Interrogative particles",
            "Interrogative pro-forms",
            "Particles",
            "Pro-forms",
            "Lemmas",
            "Terms by semantic function"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 4 3 4 0 40 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Anybody home?",
          "text": "Có ai ở nhà không (ạ) ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Is that true?",
          "text": "Đúng không ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "You haven't done anything, have you?",
          "text": "Mày chưa làm phải không ?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "at or near the end of a question, makes it a yes-no question"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-particle-BPzVJ08A",
      "links": [
        [
          "yes-no question",
          "yes-no question#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "có"
        },
        {
          "word": "à"
        },
        {
          "word": "hả"
        },
        {
          "word": "ư"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Min Nan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "numeral"
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "num",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Vietnamese cardinal numbers",
          "parents": [
            "Cardinal numbers",
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 5 5 0 6 61 11 3",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Zero",
          "orig": "vi:Zero",
          "parents": [
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "two thousand and one (literally, “two thousand zero hundred zero one”)",
          "text": "hai nghìn không trăm lẻ một",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "zero"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-num--RlOc~np",
      "links": [
        [
          "cardinal number",
          "cardinal number"
        ],
        [
          "zero",
          "zero"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(cardinal number) zero"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "chả"
        },
        {
          "word": "chẳng"
        },
        {
          "word": "đừng"
        },
        {
          "word": "đâu"
        },
        {
          "word": "nào"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "đếch"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "đách"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "đéo"
        },
        {
          "word": "cóc"
        },
        {
          "word": "ứ"
        },
        {
          "word": "chớ"
        },
        {
          "word": "chứ"
        },
        {
          "word": "nỏ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "cardinal",
        "numeral"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with raw sortkeys",
    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adverbs",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese interjections",
    "Vietnamese interrogative particles",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese numerals",
    "Vietnamese particles",
    "Vietnamese terms borrowed from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Vietnamese terms with audio links",
    "Vietnamese verbs",
    "vi:Zero"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Min Nan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am not Vietnamese.",
          "text": "Tôi không phải là người Việt Nam.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "not (negates meaning of verb)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "idly, without doing anything"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "idly",
          "idly"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
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    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
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    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
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      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "categories": [
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    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adverbs",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese interjections",
    "Vietnamese interrogative particles",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese numerals",
    "Vietnamese particles",
    "Vietnamese terms borrowed from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Vietnamese terms with audio links",
    "Vietnamese verbs",
    "vi:Zero"
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  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
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    },
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        "2": "-"
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      "expansion": "Min Nan",
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        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
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      "name": "head"
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      "args": {},
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    }
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  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
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    {
      "glosses": [
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        [
          "not",
          "not"
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
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    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
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    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
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      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
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      "tags": [
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      "word": "hông"
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      "roman": "hôông",
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    {
      "word": "hổng"
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      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
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    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
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      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
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    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

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    "Vietnamese particles",
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        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
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        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
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    }
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  "lang_code": "vi",
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  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
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        {
          "english": "only rice",
          "text": "cơm không",
          "type": "example"
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      "glosses": [
        "without anything added"
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    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
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    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
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    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
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      "tags": [
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        "Vietnam"
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      "word": "hông"
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    {
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
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      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
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    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

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    "Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
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      "args": {
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        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
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  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
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      "args": {
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      "expansion": "không",
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      "expansion": "không",
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  "lang_code": "vi",
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          "no"
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        "(to an affirmative question) no"
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    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "yes"
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      "links": [
        [
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          "yes"
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      "qualifier": "to a negative question",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(to a negative question) yes"
      ]
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
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    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
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    {
      "tags": [
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        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
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      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
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  ],
  "word": "không"
}

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        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
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      "name": "head"
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  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "particle",
  "related": [
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      "word": "có"
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    {
      "word": "à"
    },
    {
      "word": "hả"
    },
    {
      "word": "ư"
    }
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  "senses": [
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Anybody home?",
          "text": "Có ai ở nhà không (ạ) ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Is that true?",
          "text": "Đúng không ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "You haven't done anything, have you?",
          "text": "Mày chưa làm phải không ?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "at or near the end of a question, makes it a yes-no question"
      ],
      "links": [
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          "yes-no question#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
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    {
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      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
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  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
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  ],
  "word": "không"
}

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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Min Nan",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Min Nan varieties, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "numeral"
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "num",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "chả"
    },
    {
      "word": "chẳng"
    },
    {
      "word": "đừng"
    },
    {
      "word": "đâu"
    },
    {
      "word": "nào"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "đếch"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "đách"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "đéo"
    },
    {
      "word": "cóc"
    },
    {
      "word": "ứ"
    },
    {
      "word": "chớ"
    },
    {
      "word": "chứ"
    },
    {
      "word": "nỏ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese cardinal numbers",
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "two thousand and one (literally, “two thousand zero hundred zero one”)",
          "text": "hai nghìn không trăm lẻ một",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "zero"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cardinal number",
          "cardinal number"
        ],
        [
          "zero",
          "zero"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(cardinal number) zero"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "cardinal",
        "numeral"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Vietnamese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-20 using wiktextract (0af6c06 and 6aeea9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.