"không" meaning in All languages combined

See không on Wiktionary

Noun [Muong]

IPA: /kʰoŋ¹/
Etymology: From Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”); cognate with Vietnamese sông. Etymology templates: {{inh|mtq|mkh-vie-pro|*k-roːŋ||river}} Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), {{inh|mtq|mkh-pro|*ruŋ|*ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ|river}} Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”), {{cog|vi|sông}} Vietnamese sông Head templates: {{head|mtq|noun|head=|sc=Latn|sort=|tr=}} không, {{mtq-noun}} không
  1. (Mường Bi) river
    Sense id: en-không-mtq-noun-X1qO2PE5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Numeral [Muong]

IPA: /kʰoŋ¹/
Etymology: Borrowed from Vietnamese không. Etymology templates: {{bor|mtq|vi|không|sort=khong}} Vietnamese không Head templates: {{head|mtq|numeral|cat2=cardinal numbers|sort=khong}} không
  1. zero Categories (topical): Muong cardinal numbers, Zero
    Sense id: en-không-mtq-num--RlOc~np Disambiguation of Zero: 0 100 Categories (other): Muong entries with incorrect language header, Muong terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Muong terms with redundant script codes Disambiguation of Muong entries with incorrect language header: 0 100 Disambiguation of Muong terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 0 100 Disambiguation of Muong terms with redundant script codes: 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Adjective [Vietnamese]

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|zhx-nan|-}} Southern Min, {{cog|nan-hbl|空|tr=khòng}} Hokkien 空 (khòng), {{sup|3}} ³, {{cog|nan-tws|空|tr=kang³}} Teochew 空 (kang³), {{cog|hnm|空|tr=}} Hainanese 空, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|adjective|||||||head=|tr=}} không, {{vi-adj}} không
  1. without anything added
    Sense id: en-không-vi-adj-HLhovF0j
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Adverb [Vietnamese]

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|zhx-nan|-}} Southern Min, {{cog|nan-hbl|空|tr=khòng}} Hokkien 空 (khòng), {{sup|3}} ³, {{cog|nan-tws|空|tr=kang³}} Teochew 空 (kang³), {{cog|hnm|空|tr=}} Hainanese 空, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|adverb|||head=|tr=}} không, {{vi-adv}} không
  1. not (negates meaning of verb)
    Sense id: en-không-vi-adv-HMEKB9tr
  2. idly, without doing anything
    Sense id: en-không-vi-adv-qNCm6N0T
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Interjection [Vietnamese]

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|zhx-nan|-}} Southern Min, {{cog|nan-hbl|空|tr=khòng}} Hokkien 空 (khòng), {{sup|3}} ³, {{cog|nan-tws|空|tr=kang³}} Teochew 空 (kang³), {{cog|hnm|空|tr=}} Hainanese 空, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|interjection|head=|tr=}} không, {{vi-int}} không
  1. (to an affirmative question) no
    Sense id: en-không-vi-intj-k5Apjz-w
  2. (to a negative question) yes
    Sense id: en-không-vi-intj-inmIkP6T
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Numeral [Vietnamese]

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|zhx-nan|-}} Southern Min, {{cog|nan-hbl|空|tr=khòng}} Hokkien 空 (khòng), {{sup|3}} ³, {{cog|nan-tws|空|tr=kang³}} Teochew 空 (kang³), {{cog|hnm|空|tr=}} Hainanese 空, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|numeral}} không
  1. (cardinal number) zero Tags: cardinal, numeral Categories (topical): Vietnamese cardinal numbers, Zero
    Sense id: en-không-vi-num--RlOc~np Disambiguation of Zero: 10 7 5 0 0 62 14 4 Related terms: chả, chẳng, đừng, đâu, nào, đếch [vulgar], đách [vulgar], đéo [vulgar], cóc, ứ, chớ, chứ, nỏ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Particle [Vietnamese]

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|zhx-nan|-}} Southern Min, {{cog|nan-hbl|空|tr=khòng}} Hokkien 空 (khòng), {{sup|3}} ³, {{cog|nan-tws|空|tr=kang³}} Teochew 空 (kang³), {{cog|hnm|空|tr=}} Hainanese 空, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|particle}} không
  1. at or near the end of a question, makes it a yes-no question Related terms: có, à, hả, ư
    Sense id: en-không-vi-particle-BPzVJ08A Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header, Vietnamese interrogative particles, Vietnamese particles Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 0 8 27 17 6 0 0 0 38 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 5 30 18 4 0 0 0 41 3 Disambiguation of Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header: 30 18 3 1 0 0 46 2 Disambiguation of Vietnamese interrogative particles: 26 20 9 1 0 0 36 6 Disambiguation of Vietnamese particles: 28 21 3 2 0 0 45 2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Verb [Vietnamese]

IPA: [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Hà-Nội], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] [Huế], [kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon), [xəwŋ͡m˧˧] (note: Saigon) Audio: LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav , Vi-không.oga
Etymology: Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry. The grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier "zero" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between "zero" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from "empty, vacant" into the numeral "zero" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong). In the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam. Etymology templates: {{bor|vi|zh|空||empty, nothing, none}} Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”), {{cog|zhx-nan|-}} Southern Min, {{cog|nan-hbl|空|tr=khòng}} Hokkien 空 (khòng), {{sup|3}} ³, {{cog|nan-tws|空|tr=kang³}} Teochew 空 (kang³), {{cog|hnm|空|tr=}} Hainanese 空, {{cog|ko|공}} Korean 공 (gong) Head templates: {{head|vi|verb|||head=|tr=}} không, {{vi-verb}} không
  1. not have; to lack
    Sense id: en-không-vi-verb-LmRaSY4X
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hông [Southern, Vietnam], hôn (hôông), hổng, k [abbreviation], ko, kg, k°, khĝ, khum [Internet]

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "vi",
        "3": "không",
        "sort": "khong"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese không",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Vietnamese không.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "numeral",
        "cat2": "cardinal numbers",
        "sort": "khong"
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Muong",
  "lang_code": "mtq",
  "pos": "num",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Muong cardinal numbers",
          "parents": [
            "Cardinal numbers",
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "mtq",
          "name": "Zero",
          "orig": "mtq:Zero",
          "parents": [
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Muong entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Muong terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Muong terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "zero"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-mtq-num--RlOc~np",
      "links": [
        [
          "zero",
          "zero"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰoŋ¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*k-roːŋ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*ruŋ",
        "4": "*ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ",
        "5": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "sông"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese sông",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”); cognate with Vietnamese sông.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "noun",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "mtq-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Muong",
  "lang_code": "mtq",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "river"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-mtq-noun-X1qO2PE5",
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Mường Bi) river"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰoŋ¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zhx-nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Min",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "khòng"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 空 (khòng)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-tws",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "kang³"
      },
      "expansion": "Teochew 空 (kang³)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnm",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Hainanese 空",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am not Vietnamese.",
          "text": "Tôi không phải là người Việt Nam.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "not (negates meaning of verb)"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-adv-HMEKB9tr",
      "links": [
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "\"Here you have a dime! A cheap fortune-teller is still better than sitting without anything to do.\"",
          "ref": "1936, Vũ Trọng Phụng, chapter 1, in Số đỏ, Hà Nội báo:",
          "text": "– Một hào đấy! Bói rẻ còn hơn ngồi không.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "idly, without doing anything"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-adv-qNCm6N0T",
      "links": [
        [
          "idly",
          "idly"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zhx-nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Min",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "khòng"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 空 (khòng)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-tws",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "kang³"
      },
      "expansion": "Teochew 空 (kang³)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnm",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Hainanese 空",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "not have; to lack"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-verb-LmRaSY4X",
      "links": [
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ],
        [
          "have",
          "have"
        ],
        [
          "lack",
          "lack"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zhx-nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Min",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "khòng"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 空 (khòng)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-tws",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "kang³"
      },
      "expansion": "Teochew 空 (kang³)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnm",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Hainanese 空",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "only rice",
          "text": "cơm không",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "without anything added"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-adj-HLhovF0j"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zhx-nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Min",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "khòng"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 空 (khòng)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-tws",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "kang³"
      },
      "expansion": "Teochew 空 (kang³)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnm",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Hainanese 空",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "interjection",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-int"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "intj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "no"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-intj-k5Apjz-w",
      "links": [
        [
          "no",
          "no"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "to an affirmative question",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(to an affirmative question) no"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "yes"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-intj-inmIkP6T",
      "links": [
        [
          "yes",
          "yes"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "to a negative question",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(to a negative question) yes"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zhx-nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Min",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "khòng"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 空 (khòng)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-tws",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "kang³"
      },
      "expansion": "Teochew 空 (kang³)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnm",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Hainanese 空",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "particle"
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "particle",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 8 27 17 6 0 0 0 38 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 5 30 18 4 0 0 0 41 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 18 3 1 0 0 46 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 20 9 1 0 0 36 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese interrogative particles",
          "parents": [
            "Interrogative particles",
            "Interrogative pro-forms",
            "Particles",
            "Pro-forms",
            "Lemmas",
            "Terms by semantic function"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 21 3 2 0 0 45 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese particles",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Anybody home?",
          "text": "Có ai ở nhà không (ạ) ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Is that true?",
          "text": "Đúng không ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "You haven't done anything, have you?",
          "text": "Mày chưa làm phải không ?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "at or near the end of a question, makes it a yes-no question"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-particle-BPzVJ08A",
      "links": [
        [
          "yes-no question",
          "yes-no question#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "có"
        },
        {
          "word": "à"
        },
        {
          "word": "hả"
        },
        {
          "word": "ư"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zhx-nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Min",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "khòng"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 空 (khòng)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-tws",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "kang³"
      },
      "expansion": "Teochew 空 (kang³)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnm",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Hainanese 空",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "numeral"
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "num",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "name": "Vietnamese cardinal numbers",
          "parents": [
            "Cardinal numbers",
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 7 5 0 0 62 14 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "vi",
          "name": "Zero",
          "orig": "vi:Zero",
          "parents": [
            "Numbers",
            "All topics",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "two thousand and one (literally, “two thousand zero hundred zero one”)",
          "text": "hai nghìn không trăm lẻ một",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "zero"
      ],
      "id": "en-không-vi-num--RlOc~np",
      "links": [
        [
          "cardinal number",
          "cardinal number"
        ],
        [
          "zero",
          "zero"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(cardinal number) zero"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "chả"
        },
        {
          "word": "chẳng"
        },
        {
          "word": "đừng"
        },
        {
          "word": "đâu"
        },
        {
          "word": "nào"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "đếch"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "đách"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "vulgar"
          ],
          "word": "đéo"
        },
        {
          "word": "cóc"
        },
        {
          "word": "ứ"
        },
        {
          "word": "chớ"
        },
        {
          "word": "chứ"
        },
        {
          "word": "nỏ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "cardinal",
        "numeral"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
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  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Muong cardinal numbers",
    "Muong entries with incorrect language header",
    "Muong lemmas",
    "Muong nouns",
    "Muong numerals",
    "Muong terms borrowed from Vietnamese",
    "Muong terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Muong terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
    "Muong terms derived from Vietnamese",
    "Muong terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Muong terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
    "Muong terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Muong terms with redundant script codes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "mtq:Zero",
    "vi:Zero"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "vi",
        "3": "không",
        "sort": "khong"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese không",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Vietnamese không.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "numeral",
        "cat2": "cardinal numbers",
        "sort": "khong"
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Muong",
  "lang_code": "mtq",
  "pos": "num",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "zero"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "zero",
          "zero"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰoŋ¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Muong entries with incorrect language header",
    "Muong lemmas",
    "Muong nouns",
    "Muong terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Muong terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
    "Muong terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
    "Muong terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
    "Muong terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Muong terms with redundant script codes",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "mtq:Zero",
    "vi:Zero"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "mkh-vie-pro",
        "3": "*k-roːŋ",
        "4": "",
        "5": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "mkh-pro",
        "3": "*ruŋ",
        "4": "*ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ",
        "5": "river"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "sông"
      },
      "expansion": "Vietnamese sông",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-roːŋ (“river”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *ruŋ ~ ruuŋ ~ ruəŋ (“river”); cognate with Vietnamese sông.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mtq",
        "2": "noun",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "mtq-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Muong",
  "lang_code": "mtq",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "river"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Mường Bi) river"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰoŋ¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adverbs",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese interjections",
    "Vietnamese interrogative particles",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese numerals",
    "Vietnamese particles",
    "Vietnamese terms borrowed from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Vietnamese verbs",
    "vi:Zero"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zhx-nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Min",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "khòng"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 空 (khòng)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-tws",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "kang³"
      },
      "expansion": "Teochew 空 (kang³)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnm",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Hainanese 空",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "adverb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-adv"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I am not Vietnamese.",
          "text": "Tôi không phải là người Việt Nam.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "not (negates meaning of verb)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "\"Here you have a dime! A cheap fortune-teller is still better than sitting without anything to do.\"",
          "ref": "1936, Vũ Trọng Phụng, chapter 1, in Số đỏ, Hà Nội báo:",
          "text": "– Một hào đấy! Bói rẻ còn hơn ngồi không.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "idly, without doing anything"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "idly",
          "idly"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Vietnamese adjectives",
    "Vietnamese adverbs",
    "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Vietnamese interjections",
    "Vietnamese interrogative particles",
    "Vietnamese lemmas",
    "Vietnamese numerals",
    "Vietnamese particles",
    "Vietnamese terms borrowed from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms derived from Chinese",
    "Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Vietnamese verbs",
    "vi:Zero"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "zh",
        "3": "空",
        "4": "",
        "5": "empty, nothing, none"
      },
      "expansion": "Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zhx-nan",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Southern Min",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-hbl",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "khòng"
      },
      "expansion": "Hokkien 空 (khòng)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "3"
      },
      "expansion": "³",
      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-tws",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "kang³"
      },
      "expansion": "Teochew 空 (kang³)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnm",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Hainanese 空",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "not have; to lack"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "not",
          "not"
        ],
        [
          "have",
          "have"
        ],
        [
          "lack",
          "lack"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
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      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
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      "word": "hông"
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      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
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      "word": "hổng"
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      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
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    },
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      "word": "ko"
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      "word": "kg"
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    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
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      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

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  "categories": [
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      "name": "bor"
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    {
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        "1": "zhx-nan",
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        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
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        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    },
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "không",
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    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "only rice",
          "text": "cơm không",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "without anything added"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
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    {
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      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
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      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hôông",
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    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
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      "word": "khum"
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  ],
  "word": "không"
}

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    {
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      "name": "cog"
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    {
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        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
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      "expansion": "không",
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      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "vi-int"
    }
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  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "intj",
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        "no"
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      "links": [
        [
          "no",
          "no"
        ]
      ],
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      "raw_glosses": [
        "(to an affirmative question) no"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "yes"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "yes",
          "yes"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "to a negative question",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(to a negative question) yes"
      ]
    }
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  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
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      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
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        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
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      "word": "khum"
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  "word": "không"
}

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        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
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  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "particle",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "có"
    },
    {
      "word": "à"
    },
    {
      "word": "hả"
    },
    {
      "word": "ư"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
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      ],
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        {
          "english": "Anybody home?",
          "text": "Có ai ở nhà không (ạ) ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Is that true?",
          "text": "Đúng không ?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "You haven't done anything, have you?",
          "text": "Mày chưa làm phải không ?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "at or near the end of a question, makes it a yes-no question"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "yes-no question",
          "yes-no question#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
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    {
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      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
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  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

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      "name": "sup"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nan-tws",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": "kang³"
      },
      "expansion": "Teochew 空 (kang³)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hnm",
        "2": "空",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Hainanese 空",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "공"
      },
      "expansion": "Korean 공 (gong)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Chinese 空 (“empty, nothing, none”). This is now the main negator in Vietnamese and, in formal writing, virtually the only negator; however, see the list of other negators at the end of the entry.\nThe grammaticalization of không into a negative particle began in the 17th century and coincided with the numerous arrivals of Western businessmen in Vietnam. Because the quantifier \"zero\" is often used in the context of business, a relationship between \"zero\" and the verbal particle không was established. The development from \"empty, vacant\" into the numeral \"zero\" can also been seen in many Southern Min varieties, such as Hokkien 空 (khòng), Teochew 空 (kang³), Hainanese 空, as well as Korean 공 (gong).\nIn the beginning of the 20th century, không replaced the original chief negator chẳng of native Vietnamese origin, coinciding with the establishment of French colonial rule over Vietnam.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "numeral"
      },
      "expansion": "không",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "num",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "chả"
    },
    {
      "word": "chẳng"
    },
    {
      "word": "đừng"
    },
    {
      "word": "đâu"
    },
    {
      "word": "nào"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "đếch"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "đách"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "đéo"
    },
    {
      "word": "cóc"
    },
    {
      "word": "ứ"
    },
    {
      "word": "chớ"
    },
    {
      "word": "chứ"
    },
    {
      "word": "nỏ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese cardinal numbers",
        "Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "two thousand and one (literally, “two thousand zero hundred zero one”)",
          "text": "hai nghìn không trăm lẻ một",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "zero"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cardinal number",
          "cardinal number"
        ],
        [
          "zero",
          "zero"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(cardinal number) zero"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "cardinal",
        "numeral"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Hà-Nội"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "tags": [
        "Huế"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kʰəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[xəwŋ͡m˧˧]",
      "note": "Saigon"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9199 (vie)-Penn Zero MSSJ-không.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/14/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav/LL-Q9199_%28vie%29-Penn_Zero_MSSJ-kh%C3%B4ng.wav.ogg"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Vi-không.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Vi-kh%C3%B4ng.oga"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern",
        "Vietnam"
      ],
      "word": "hông"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hôông",
      "word": "hôn"
    },
    {
      "word": "hổng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation"
      ],
      "word": "k"
    },
    {
      "word": "ko"
    },
    {
      "word": "kg"
    },
    {
      "word": "k°"
    },
    {
      "word": "khĝ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Internet"
      ],
      "word": "khum"
    }
  ],
  "word": "không"
}

Download raw JSONL data for không meaning in All languages combined (25.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Mường Bi",
  "path": [
    "không"
  ],
  "section": "Muong",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "không",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: Mường Bi",
  "path": [
    "không"
  ],
  "section": "Muong",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "không",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.