See ciemnota in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "af",
"3": "ciemny>dark",
"4": "-ota>nominal",
"id": "backwardness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ota\nPolish -ota\nPolish ciemnota",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciemny",
"3": "-ota"
},
"expansion": "ciemny + -ota",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ota\nPolish -ota\nPolish ciemnota\nFrom ciemny + -ota.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnota",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnocie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnocie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ciemnota f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧no‧ta"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciemno",
"2": "t"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 39 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"backwardness, lack of education"
],
"id": "en-ciemnota-pl-noun-AWyr4Ypt",
"links": [
[
"backwardness",
"backwardness"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"education",
"education"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zacofanie"
},
{
"word": "niedouczenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 39 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 50 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 59 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 71 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 63 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 56 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 48 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ota",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 55 22",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "pl:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"uneducated, backward people"
],
"id": "en-ciemnota-pl-noun-aTeQFcYk",
"links": [
[
"uneducated",
"uneducated"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) uneducated, backward people"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 39 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 36 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 37 57",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "pl:Light",
"parents": [
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness, dark (complete or partial absence of light)"
],
"id": "en-ciemnota-pl-noun-yDYVsjVb",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"word": "mrok"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛmˈnɔ.ta/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔta"
}
],
"word": "ciemnota"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ota",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔta",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔta/3 syllables",
"pl:Collectives",
"pl:Light",
"pl:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "af",
"3": "ciemny>dark",
"4": "-ota>nominal",
"id": "backwardness",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ota\nPolish -ota\nPolish ciemnota",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "ciemny",
"3": "-ota"
},
"expansion": "ciemny + -ota",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-atā́ˀ\nProto-Slavic *-ota\nPolish -ota\nPolish ciemnota\nFrom ciemny + -ota.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnota",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnot",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnocie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnocie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnotach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnoty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "ciemnota f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧no‧ta"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciemno",
"2": "t"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"backwardness, lack of education"
],
"links": [
[
"backwardness",
"backwardness"
],
[
"lack",
"lack"
],
[
"education",
"education"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zacofanie"
},
{
"word": "niedouczenie"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"uneducated, backward people"
],
"links": [
[
"uneducated",
"uneducated"
],
[
"backward",
"backward"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) uneducated, backward people"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"darkness, dark (complete or partial absence of light)"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"word": "mrok"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕɛmˈnɔ.ta/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔta"
}
],
"word": "ciemnota"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciemnota meaning in Polish (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (aeaf2a1 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.