See rugged in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rugged meaning in English (27.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rugged individualism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruggedize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruggedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruggedness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "semirugged"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rugged"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rugged",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roggyd"
},
"expansion": "roggyd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruggyd"
},
"expansion": "ruggyd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "tuft, shagginess"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed",
"t1": "rough, woollen material"
},
"expansion": "rug (“rough, woollen material”) + -ed",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "ruggoter",
"t": "wrinkled"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "to roughen"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugga (“to roughen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ruggig",
"t": "shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rögg",
"t": "shagginess"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "raggaðr",
"t": "tufted"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "raggad",
"t": "shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Danish raggad (“shaggy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rugged, roggyd, ruggyd, derived from Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess”), equivalent to rug (“rough, woollen material”) + -ed. Compare Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”), Swedish rugga (“to roughen”), Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”), Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”), Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”), dialectal Danish raggad (“shaggy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruggeder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggedest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "rugged (comparative ruggeder, superlative ruggedest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 6 5 1 7 12 9 9 1 1 4 6 7 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 4 2 6 16 7 9 2 3 3 4 7 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Broken into sharp or irregular points; uneven; not smooth; rough."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-S3bqGKKq",
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"irregular",
"irregular"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grapav",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "грапав"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazǎben",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "назъбен"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rosoinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "epätasainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "karu"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "kallioinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugueux"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "schroff"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "zerklüftet"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruvido"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of topography",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "tuarangaranga"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruscós"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rugós"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rugat"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of materials",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of terrain",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "acidentado"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "ru",
"english": "terrain",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "peresečónnyj",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "пересечённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izrézannyj",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "изре́занный"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "členitý"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "filudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 5 3 1 4 11 6 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "escabroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "četinest",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "четинест"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "takkuinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "zerfurcht"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "zerzaust"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "wettergegerbt"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "pelut"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "velut"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "tinhassièr"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "felpudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetínistyj",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "щети́нистый"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "velludo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "barboso"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peludo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 15 3 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peluda"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Ronke Luke-Boone, African Fabrics: Sewing Contemporary Fashion with Ethic Flair",
"text": "Commercially produced yarn, such as rayon, produces a cloth with a smoother, shinier look than hand-spun cotton, but the uneven, rugged look of hand-spun cotton can be quite appealing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not neat or regular; irregular, uneven."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-1MCzQCaM",
"links": [
[
"irregular",
"irregular"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neraven",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "неравен"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "epätasainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "epäsäännöllinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "irrégulier"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruppig"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "derb"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "cnapánach"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rugat"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rugós"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruscós"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "irregular"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neróvnyj",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "неро́вный"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeroxovátyj",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "шерохова́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drsný"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrboľatý"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "despelotado"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "a lo natural"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "al lote"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1897, Kate Chopin, A Morning Walk",
"text": "His hair was light and rather thin; his face strong and rugged from exposure, and his eyes narrow and observant.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rough with bristly hair; shaggy."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-WPSeKP0~",
"links": [
[
"shaggy",
"shaggy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Arthur Queen Jr., Young Man: Ageless Fatherly Wisdom to Hold",
"text": "Many women and men delude themselves into thinking that only the hardest and most rugged man is attractive and to many it may be the case.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strong, sturdy, well-built."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-rsnT~uLj",
"links": [
[
"Strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
],
[
"well-built",
"well-built"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) Strong, sturdy, well-built."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 70 1 6 1 3 1 2 10 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 70 1 6 1 3 1 2 10 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "masiven",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "масивен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 70 1 6 1 3 1 2 10 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "roteva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 70 1 6 1 3 1 2 10 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 70 1 6 1 3 1 2 10 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pročnyj",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "прочный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 70 1 6 1 3 1 2 10 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "statný"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 70 1 6 1 3 1 2 10 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "urastený"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Vicky Baker, The Guardian, Riding with the cowboys on a Mexico ranch",
"text": "Hidden within 30,000 acres of rugged private land, the ranch is cocooned by peaks and canyons in all directions.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1971, United States Forest Service, Search for solitude: our wilderness heritage",
"text": "Much of the area can be seen only by hikers who travel without trails to the higher reaches of this rugged mountain range.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rocky and bare of plantlife."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-5x8H1Jnx",
"links": [
[
"Rocky",
"rocky"
],
[
"plantlife",
"plantlife"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of land) Rocky and bare of plantlife."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of land"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 6 5 1 7 12 9 9 1 1 4 6 7 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 4 2 6 16 7 9 2 3 3 4 7 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harsh; austere; hard"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-wYJVsFpU",
"links": [
[
"austere",
"austere"
]
],
"qualifier": "or people",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of temper, character, or people) Harsh; austere; hard"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of temper"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crabbed"
}
],
"tags": [
"character"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "тежък"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "truden",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "труден"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "karski"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strohý"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nevraživý"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "rasposo"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-HJQZmN~g",
"links": [
[
"Stormy",
"stormy"
],
[
"turbulent",
"turbulent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of weather) Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of weather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rude"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 1 7 68 6 1 5 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buren",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "бурен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 1 7 68 6 1 5 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "myrskyinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 1 7 68 6 1 5 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 1 7 68 6 1 5 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tempétueux"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 1 7 68 6 1 5 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búrnyj",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "бу́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 1 7 68 6 1 5 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 2 1 7 68 6 1 5 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "difícil"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-P~e15jhY",
"links": [
[
"Harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"grating",
"grating"
]
],
"qualifier": "style etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sound, style etc.) Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sound"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908, Rafael Sabatini, The Abduction",
"text": "\"Ah!\" sighed the unimaginative Granby, and his honest, rugged face grew clouded. Pepper puffed in silence for a moment or two; then spoke.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-OZ4qKTGt",
"qualifier": "appearance etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of looks, appearance etc.) Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of looks"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 4 1 2 0 10 9 5 54 6 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"word": "hapan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 1 2 0 10 9 5 54 6 5 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hargneux"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 1 2 0 10 9 5 54 6 5 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"word": "угрю́мый"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Violent; rude; boisterous"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-EvHXr7eA",
"links": [
[
"boisterous",
"boisterous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of behaviour) Violent; rude; boisterous"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of behaviour"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "grof"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neokrôchaný"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "rudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 1 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "tosco"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1909, Jack London, Martin Eden",
"text": "Her gaze rested for a moment on the muscular neck, heavy corded, almost bull-like, bronzed by the sun, spilling over with rugged health and strength...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vigorous; robust; hardy"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-mqGnSdG2",
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
],
"qualifier": "physique etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of health, physique etc.) Vigorous; robust; hardy"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of health"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "potig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "vankka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "robuste"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépkij",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "кре́пкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próčnyj",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "про́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuhý"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pevný"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "fuerte"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 2 3 1 10 4 4 1 2 62 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "bravo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Nick Fletcher, Psion drops 2% after supply chain issues push it into loss",
"text": "Psion, which supplies a range of rugged hand held computers, has lost nearly 2% after announcing a plunge into the red.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-LRQEgIdy",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, of a computer) Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a computer"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌɡɪd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡɪd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rugged.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-rugged.ogg/En-us-rugged.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-rugged.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 35 3 38 2 2 1 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 35 3 38 2 2 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "riipivä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 35 3 38 2 2 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "raastava"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 35 3 38 2 2 1 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "ре́зкий"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "rug + -ed",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "rug + -ed",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rugged (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Having a rug or rugs."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-7Eci1qnE",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Covered with a rug."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-QaPN8aUw",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rugged (past).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "rug + -ed",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "rug + -ed",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rugged",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 6 5 1 7 12 9 9 1 1 4 6 7 2 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 7 4 2 6 16 7 9 2 3 3 4 7 3 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 3 3 5 14 8 10 2 4 2 5 5 4 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 2 4 4 10 9 9 3 7 5 4 5 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with unexpected syllabic -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of rug"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-verb-4JHzcVq4",
"links": [
[
"rug",
"rug#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rugged (past).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ed",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unexpected syllabic -ed",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡd",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡd/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡɪd",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡɪd/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugged individualism"
},
{
"word": "ruggedize"
},
{
"word": "ruggedly"
},
{
"word": "ruggedness"
},
{
"word": "semirugged"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rugged"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rugged",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "roggyd"
},
"expansion": "roggyd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ruggyd"
},
"expansion": "ruggyd",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "tuft, shagginess"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed",
"t1": "rough, woollen material"
},
"expansion": "rug (“rough, woollen material”) + -ed",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "ruggoter",
"t": "wrinkled"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "to roughen"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugga (“to roughen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ruggig",
"t": "shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rögg",
"t": "shagginess"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "raggaðr",
"t": "tufted"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "raggad",
"t": "shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Danish raggad (“shaggy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rugged, roggyd, ruggyd, derived from Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess”), equivalent to rug (“rough, woollen material”) + -ed. Compare Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”), Swedish rugga (“to roughen”), Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”), Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”), Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”), dialectal Danish raggad (“shaggy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruggeder",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruggedest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "rugged (comparative ruggeder, superlative ruggedest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Broken into sharp or irregular points; uneven; not smooth; rough."
],
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"irregular",
"irregular"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Ronke Luke-Boone, African Fabrics: Sewing Contemporary Fashion with Ethic Flair",
"text": "Commercially produced yarn, such as rayon, produces a cloth with a smoother, shinier look than hand-spun cotton, but the uneven, rugged look of hand-spun cotton can be quite appealing.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not neat or regular; irregular, uneven."
],
"links": [
[
"irregular",
"irregular"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1897, Kate Chopin, A Morning Walk",
"text": "His hair was light and rather thin; his face strong and rugged from exposure, and his eyes narrow and observant.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rough with bristly hair; shaggy."
],
"links": [
[
"shaggy",
"shaggy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Arthur Queen Jr., Young Man: Ageless Fatherly Wisdom to Hold",
"text": "Many women and men delude themselves into thinking that only the hardest and most rugged man is attractive and to many it may be the case.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strong, sturdy, well-built."
],
"links": [
[
"Strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
],
[
"well-built",
"well-built"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) Strong, sturdy, well-built."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Vicky Baker, The Guardian, Riding with the cowboys on a Mexico ranch",
"text": "Hidden within 30,000 acres of rugged private land, the ranch is cocooned by peaks and canyons in all directions.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1971, United States Forest Service, Search for solitude: our wilderness heritage",
"text": "Much of the area can be seen only by hikers who travel without trails to the higher reaches of this rugged mountain range.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rocky and bare of plantlife."
],
"links": [
[
"Rocky",
"rocky"
],
[
"plantlife",
"plantlife"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of land) Rocky and bare of plantlife."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of land"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Harsh; austere; hard"
],
"links": [
[
"austere",
"austere"
]
],
"qualifier": "or people",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of temper, character, or people) Harsh; austere; hard"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of temper"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crabbed"
}
],
"tags": [
"character"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous"
],
"links": [
[
"Stormy",
"stormy"
],
[
"turbulent",
"turbulent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of weather) Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of weather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rude"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking"
],
"links": [
[
"Harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"grating",
"grating"
]
],
"qualifier": "style etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sound, style etc.) Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sound"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908, Rafael Sabatini, The Abduction",
"text": "\"Ah!\" sighed the unimaginative Granby, and his honest, rugged face grew clouded. Pepper puffed in silence for a moment or two; then spoke.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled"
],
"qualifier": "appearance etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of looks, appearance etc.) Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of looks"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Violent; rude; boisterous"
],
"links": [
[
"boisterous",
"boisterous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of behaviour) Violent; rude; boisterous"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of behaviour"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1909, Jack London, Martin Eden",
"text": "Her gaze rested for a moment on the muscular neck, heavy corded, almost bull-like, bronzed by the sun, spilling over with rugged health and strength...",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vigorous; robust; hardy"
],
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
],
"qualifier": "physique etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of health, physique etc.) Vigorous; robust; hardy"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of health"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Computing"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Nick Fletcher, Psion drops 2% after supply chain issues push it into loss",
"text": "Psion, which supplies a range of rugged hand held computers, has lost nearly 2% after announcing a plunge into the red.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, of a computer) Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a computer"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌɡɪd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡɪd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rugged.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-rugged.ogg/En-us-rugged.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-rugged.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grapav",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "грапав"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazǎben",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "назъбен"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rosoinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "epätasainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "karu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "kallioinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugueux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "schroff"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "zerklüftet"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruvido"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of topography",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "tuarangaranga"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruscós"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rugós"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rugat"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of materials",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of terrain",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "acidentado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "terrain",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "peresečónnyj",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "пересечённый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izrézannyj",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "изре́занный"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "členitý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "filudo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "escabroso"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neraven",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "неравен"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "epätasainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "epäsäännöllinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "irrégulier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruppig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "derb"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "cnapánach"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rugat"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rugós"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruscós"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "irregular"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neróvnyj",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "неро́вный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeroxovátyj",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "шерохова́тый"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drsný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrboľatý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "despelotado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "a lo natural"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "al lote"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "četinest",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "четинест"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "takkuinen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "zerfurcht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "zerzaust"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "wettergegerbt"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "pelut"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "velut"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "tinhassièr"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "felpudo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetínistyj",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "щети́нистый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "velludo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "barboso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peludo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peluda"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "masiven",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "масивен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "roteva"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pročnyj",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "прочный"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "statný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "urastený"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "тежък"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "truden",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "труден"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "karski"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strohý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nevraživý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "rasposo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buren",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "бурен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "myrskyinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tempétueux"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búrnyj",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "бу́рный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "difícil"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "riipivä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "raastava"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "ре́зкий"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"word": "hapan"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hargneux"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "grof"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violent"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neokrôchaný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "rudo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "tosco"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "potig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "vankka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "robuste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépkij",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "кре́пкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próčnyj",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "про́чный"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuhý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pevný"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "fuerte"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "bravo"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms suffixed with -ed",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unexpected syllabic -ed",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡd",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "rug + -ed",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "rug + -ed",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rugged (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Having a rug or rugs."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Covered with a rug."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rugged (past).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms suffixed with -ed",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with unexpected syllabic -ed",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verb forms",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡd",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡd/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "rug + -ed",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "rug + -ed",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rugged",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of rug"
],
"links": [
[
"rug",
"rug#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡd"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rugged (past).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.