See rugged in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rugged individualism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruggedize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruggedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ruggedness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "semirugged"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rugged"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rugged",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "tuft, shagginess"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed",
"t1": "rough, woollen material"
},
"expansion": "rug (“rough, woollen material”) + -ed",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "ruggoter",
"t": "wrinkled"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "to roughen"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugga (“to roughen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ruggig",
"t": "shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rögg",
"t": "shagginess"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "raggaðr",
"t": "tufted"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "raggad",
"t": "shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Danish raggad (“shaggy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rugged, roggyd, ruggyd, derived from Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess”), equivalent to rug (“rough, woollen material”) + -ed. Compare Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”), Swedish rugga (“to roughen”), Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”), Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”), Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”), dialectal Danish raggad (“shaggy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more rugged",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most rugged",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more"
},
"expansion": "rugged (comparative more rugged, superlative most rugged)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
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"categories": [
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"_dis": "13 10 4 2 6 16 10 10 3 5 9 12",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1870–1871 (date written), Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “”, in Roughing It, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company [et al.], published 1872, →OCLC, page 465:",
"text": "BY and by, after a rugged climb, we halted on the summit of a hill which commanded a far-reaching view.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Broken into sharp or irregular points; uneven; not smooth; rough."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-S3bqGKKq",
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"irregular",
"irregular"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grapav",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "грапав"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazǎben",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "назъбен"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rosoinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "epätasainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "karu"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "kallioinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugueux"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "schroff"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "zerklüftet"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruvido"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of topography",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "tuarangaranga"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruscós"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rugós"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rugat"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of materials",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of terrain",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "acidentado"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "ru",
"english": "terrain",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "peresečónnyj",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "пересечённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izrézannyj",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "изре́занный"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "členitý"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "filudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "47 4 4 0 5 11 7 10 1 3 2 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "escabroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "četinest",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "четинест"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "takkuinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "zerfurcht"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "zerzaust"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "wettergegerbt"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "pelut"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "velut"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "tinhassièr"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "felpudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetínistyj",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "щети́нистый"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "velludo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "barboso"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peludo"
},
{
"_dis1": "29 7 16 1 1 14 0 13 6 7 1 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peluda"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Ronke Luke-Boone, African Fabrics: Sewing Contemporary Fashion with Ethic Flair:",
"text": "Commercially produced yarn, such as rayon, produces a cloth with a smoother, shinier look than hand-spun cotton, but the uneven, rugged look of hand-spun cotton can be quite appealing.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not neat or regular; irregular, uneven."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-1MCzQCaM",
"links": [
[
"irregular",
"irregular"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neraven",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "неравен"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "epätasainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "epäsäännöllinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "irrégulier"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruppig"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "derb"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "cnapánach"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rugat"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rugós"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruscós"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "irregular"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neróvnyj",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "неро́вный"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeroxovátyj",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "шерохова́тый"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drsný"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrboľatý"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "despelotado"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "a lo natural"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "al lote"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 73 1 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 2",
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "búp báp"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1897, Kate Chopin, A Morning Walk:",
"text": "His hair was light and rather thin; his face strong and rugged from exposure, and his eyes narrow and observant.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rough with bristly hair; shaggy."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-WPSeKP0~",
"links": [
[
"shaggy",
"shaggy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Arthur Queen Jr., Young Man: Ageless Fatherly Wisdom to Hold:",
"text": "Many women and men delude themselves into thinking that only the hardest and most rugged man is attractive and to many it may be the case.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strong, sturdy, well-built."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-rsnT~uLj",
"links": [
[
"Strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
],
[
"well-built",
"well-built"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) Strong, sturdy, well-built."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "masiven",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "масивен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "roteva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pročnyj",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "прочный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "statný"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "urastený"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "stryktålig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "lực lưỡng"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 74 1 5 0 3 1 1 11 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "vạm vỡ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Vicky Baker, The Guardian, Riding with the cowboys on a Mexico ranch:",
"text": "Hidden within 30,000 acres of rugged private land, the ranch is cocooned by peaks and canyons in all directions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1971, United States Forest Service, Search for solitude: our wilderness heritage:",
"text": "Much of the area can be seen only by hikers who travel without trails to the higher reaches of this rugged mountain range.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rocky and bare of plantlife."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-5x8H1Jnx",
"links": [
[
"Rocky",
"rocky"
],
[
"plantlife",
"plantlife"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of land) Rocky and bare of plantlife."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of land"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 7 4 2 7 13 10 13 2 4 2 6 7 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 2 3 4 11 9 9 4 8 5 5 5 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with unexpected syllabic -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 5 3 7 14 12 12 4 6 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 5 2 7 14 12 11 4 6 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 6 2 7 14 11 13 3 5 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 4 2 6 16 10 10 3 5 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 6 5 8 15 12 12 3 5 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 6 4 7 14 13 12 4 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 6 4 8 14 12 14 3 4 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 8 5 3 7 16 15 14 3 4 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 10 5 2 7 14 12 12 4 6 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 6 4 7 15 13 12 3 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 6 4 7 14 13 12 3 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harsh; austere; hard"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-wYJVsFpU",
"links": [
[
"austere",
"austere"
]
],
"qualifier": "or people",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of temper, character, or people) Harsh; austere; hard"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of temper"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crabbed"
}
],
"tags": [
"character"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "тежък"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "truden",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "труден"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "karski"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strohý"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nevraživý"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 44 3 30 2 2 1 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "rasposo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 10 2 3 4 11 9 9 4 8 5 5 5 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with unexpected syllabic -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 5 3 7 14 12 12 4 6 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 5 2 7 14 12 11 4 6 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 6 2 7 14 11 13 3 5 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 6 5 8 15 12 12 3 5 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 6 4 7 14 13 12 4 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 6 4 8 14 12 14 3 4 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 8 5 3 7 16 15 14 3 4 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 10 5 2 7 14 12 12 4 6 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 6 4 7 15 13 12 3 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 6 4 7 14 13 12 3 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-HJQZmN~g",
"links": [
[
"Stormy",
"stormy"
],
[
"turbulent",
"turbulent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of weather) Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of weather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rude"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 7 70 5 1 5 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buren",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "бурен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 7 70 5 1 5 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "myrskyinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 7 70 5 1 5 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 7 70 5 1 5 3 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tempétueux"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 7 70 5 1 5 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búrnyj",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "бу́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 7 70 5 1 5 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 1 7 70 5 1 5 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "difícil"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 7 4 2 7 13 10 13 2 4 2 6 7 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 10 2 3 4 11 9 9 4 8 5 5 5 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with unexpected syllabic -ed",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 5 3 7 14 12 12 4 6 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 9 5 2 7 14 12 11 4 6 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 6 2 7 14 11 13 3 5 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 6 5 8 15 12 12 3 5 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 6 4 7 14 13 12 4 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 6 4 8 14 12 14 3 4 3 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 8 5 3 7 16 15 14 3 4 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 10 5 2 7 14 12 12 4 6 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 9 6 4 7 15 13 12 3 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 10 6 4 7 14 13 12 3 5 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-P~e15jhY",
"links": [
[
"Harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"grating",
"grating"
]
],
"qualifier": "style etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sound, style etc.) Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sound"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908, Rafael Sabatini, The Abduction:",
"text": "\"Ah!\" sighed the unimaginative Granby, and his honest, rugged face grew clouded. Pepper puffed in silence for a moment or two; then spoke.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-OZ4qKTGt",
"qualifier": "appearance etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of looks, appearance etc.) Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of looks"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 4 0 1 0 10 9 5 55 6 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"word": "hapan"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 0 1 0 10 9 5 55 6 5 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hargneux"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 4 0 1 0 10 9 5 55 6 5 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"word": "угрю́мый"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Violent; rude; boisterous"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-EvHXr7eA",
"links": [
[
"boisterous",
"boisterous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of behaviour) Violent; rude; boisterous"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of behaviour"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "grof"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neokrôchaný"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "rudo"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 0 0 0 4 34 3 3 48 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "tosco"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1909, Jack London, Martin Eden:",
"text": "\"Her gaze rested for a moment on the muscular neck, heavy corded, almost bull-like, bronzed by the sun, spilling over with rugged health and strength...\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vigorous; robust; hardy"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-mqGnSdG2",
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
],
"qualifier": "physique etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of health, physique etc.) Vigorous; robust; hardy"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of health"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "potig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "vankka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "robuste"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépkij",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "кре́пкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próčnyj",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "про́чный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuhý"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pevný"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "fuerte"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 3 1 3 1 10 4 3 2 2 63 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "bravo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 8 6 2 7 14 11 13 3 5 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 4 2 6 16 10 10 3 5 9 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Nick Fletcher, Psion drops 2% after supply chain issues push it into loss:",
"text": "Psion, which supplies a range of rugged hand held computers, has lost nearly 2% after announcing a plunge into the red.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-LRQEgIdy",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, of a computer) Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a computer"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌɡɪd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rugged.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-rugged.ogg/En-us-rugged.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-rugged.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡɪd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 35 3 38 2 2 1 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 35 3 38 2 2 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "riipivä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 35 3 38 2 2 1 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "raastava"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 1 1 35 3 38 2 2 1 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "ре́зкий"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "rug + -ed",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rug + -ed.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "rugged (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Having a rug or rugs."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-7Eci1qnE",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Covered with a rug."
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-adj-QaPN8aUw",
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡd/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rugged (past).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡd"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed"
},
"expansion": "rug + -ed",
"name": "affix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rug + -ed.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "rugged",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of rug"
],
"id": "en-rugged-en-verb-4JHzcVq4",
"links": [
[
"rug",
"rug#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹʌɡd/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rugged (past).wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡd"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ed",
"English terms with unexpected syllabic -ed",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English verb forms",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡd",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡd/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡɪd",
"Rhymes:English/ʌɡɪd/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tày translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rugged individualism"
},
{
"word": "ruggedize"
},
{
"word": "ruggedly"
},
{
"word": "ruggedness"
},
{
"word": "semirugged"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rugged"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rugged",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rǫgg",
"t": "tuft, shagginess"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rug",
"3": "-ed",
"t1": "rough, woollen material"
},
"expansion": "rug (“rough, woollen material”) + -ed",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "ruggoter",
"t": "wrinkled"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rugga",
"t": "to roughen"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rugga (“to roughen”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ruggig",
"t": "shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rögg",
"t": "shagginess"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "raggaðr",
"t": "tufted"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "raggad",
"t": "shaggy"
},
"expansion": "Danish raggad (“shaggy”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English rugged, roggyd, ruggyd, derived from Old Norse rǫgg (“tuft, shagginess”), equivalent to rug (“rough, woollen material”) + -ed. Compare Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”), Swedish rugga (“to roughen”), Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”), Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”), Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”), dialectal Danish raggad (“shaggy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more rugged",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most rugged",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "more"
},
"expansion": "rugged (comparative more rugged, superlative most rugged)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1870–1871 (date written), Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], “”, in Roughing It, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing Company [et al.], published 1872, →OCLC, page 465:",
"text": "BY and by, after a rugged climb, we halted on the summit of a hill which commanded a far-reaching view.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Broken into sharp or irregular points; uneven; not smooth; rough."
],
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
],
[
"irregular",
"irregular"
],
[
"point",
"point"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Ronke Luke-Boone, African Fabrics: Sewing Contemporary Fashion with Ethic Flair:",
"text": "Commercially produced yarn, such as rayon, produces a cloth with a smoother, shinier look than hand-spun cotton, but the uneven, rugged look of hand-spun cotton can be quite appealing.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not neat or regular; irregular, uneven."
],
"links": [
[
"irregular",
"irregular"
],
[
"uneven",
"uneven"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1897, Kate Chopin, A Morning Walk:",
"text": "His hair was light and rather thin; his face strong and rugged from exposure, and his eyes narrow and observant.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rough with bristly hair; shaggy."
],
"links": [
[
"shaggy",
"shaggy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Arthur Queen Jr., Young Man: Ageless Fatherly Wisdom to Hold:",
"text": "Many women and men delude themselves into thinking that only the hardest and most rugged man is attractive and to many it may be the case.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strong, sturdy, well-built."
],
"links": [
[
"Strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sturdy",
"sturdy"
],
[
"well-built",
"well-built"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a person) Strong, sturdy, well-built."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2013, Vicky Baker, The Guardian, Riding with the cowboys on a Mexico ranch:",
"text": "Hidden within 30,000 acres of rugged private land, the ranch is cocooned by peaks and canyons in all directions.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1971, United States Forest Service, Search for solitude: our wilderness heritage:",
"text": "Much of the area can be seen only by hikers who travel without trails to the higher reaches of this rugged mountain range.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rocky and bare of plantlife."
],
"links": [
[
"Rocky",
"rocky"
],
[
"plantlife",
"plantlife"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of land) Rocky and bare of plantlife."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of land"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Harsh; austere; hard"
],
"links": [
[
"austere",
"austere"
]
],
"qualifier": "or people",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of temper, character, or people) Harsh; austere; hard"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of temper"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crabbed"
}
],
"tags": [
"character"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous"
],
"links": [
[
"Stormy",
"stormy"
],
[
"turbulent",
"turbulent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of weather) Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of weather"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rude"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking"
],
"links": [
[
"Harsh",
"harsh"
],
[
"grating",
"grating"
]
],
"qualifier": "style etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sound, style etc.) Harsh; grating; unpleasant sounding or looking"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sound"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1908, Rafael Sabatini, The Abduction:",
"text": "\"Ah!\" sighed the unimaginative Granby, and his honest, rugged face grew clouded. Pepper puffed in silence for a moment or two; then spoke.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled"
],
"qualifier": "appearance etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of looks, appearance etc.) Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of looks"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Violent; rude; boisterous"
],
"links": [
[
"boisterous",
"boisterous"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of behaviour) Violent; rude; boisterous"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of behaviour"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1909, Jack London, Martin Eden:",
"text": "\"Her gaze rested for a moment on the muscular neck, heavy corded, almost bull-like, bronzed by the sun, spilling over with rugged health and strength...\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vigorous; robust; hardy"
],
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
]
],
"qualifier": "physique etc.",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of health, physique etc.) Vigorous; robust; hardy"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of health"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Computing"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Nick Fletcher, Psion drops 2% after supply chain issues push it into loss:",
"text": "Psion, which supplies a range of rugged hand held computers, has lost nearly 2% after announcing a plunge into the red.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, of a computer) Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a computer"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌɡɪd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-rugged.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/En-us-rugged.ogg/En-us-rugged.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/En-us-rugged.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡɪd"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grapav",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "грапав"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "nazǎben",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "назъбен"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rosoinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "epätasainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "karu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "kallioinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rugueux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "schroff"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "zerklüftet"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruvido"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of topography",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "tuarangaranga"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "ruscós"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rugós"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "rugat"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of materials",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "áspero"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"note": "of terrain",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "acidentado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "terrain",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "peresečónnyj",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "пересечённый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izrézannyj",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "изре́занный"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "členitý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "filudo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "broken into sharp points",
"word": "escabroso"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neraven",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "неравен"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruw"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "epätasainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "epäsäännöllinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "irrégulier"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruppig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "derb"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "cnapánach"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rugat"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "rugós"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "ruscós"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "irregular"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "bruto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "neróvnyj",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "неро́вный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šeroxovátyj",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "шерохова́тый"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drsný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrboľatý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "despelotado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "a lo natural"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "al lote"
},
{
"code": "tyz",
"lang": "Tày",
"sense": "not neat or regular",
"word": "búp báp"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "četinest",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "четинест"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "ruig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "takkuinen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "rau"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "zerfurcht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "zerzaust"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "wettergegerbt"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "pelut"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "velut"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "tinhassièr"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "felpudo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščetínistyj",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "щети́нистый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "velludo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"word": "barboso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peludo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "rough with bristles",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peluda"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zdrav",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "здрав"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "masiven",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "масивен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "roteva"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pročnyj",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "прочный"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "statný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "urastený"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "stryktålig"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "lực lưỡng"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "strong, sturdy, well-built",
"word": "vạm vỡ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "težǎk",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "тежък"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "truden",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "труден"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "karski"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sévère"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "suróvyj",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "суро́вый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "strógij",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "стро́гий"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strohý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nevraživý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "harsh, austere",
"word": "rasposo"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buren",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "бурен"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "myrskyinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tempétueux"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búrnyj",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "бу́рный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stormy, turbulent",
"word": "difícil"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grub",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "груб"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "riipivä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "raastava"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rézkij",
"sense": "harsh, grating",
"word": "ре́зкий"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"word": "hapan"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hargneux"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ugrjúmyj",
"sense": "sour, surly",
"word": "угрю́мый"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "grof"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "karkea"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rude"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "violent"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "durva"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "grúbyj",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "гру́бый"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "neokrôchaný"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hrubý"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "rudo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "violento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "duro"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violent, rude",
"word": "tosco"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "potig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "vankka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "robuste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "solide"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "krépkij",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "кре́пкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "próčnyj",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "про́чный"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tuhý"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pevný"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "vigoroso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "fuerte"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vigorous, robust",
"word": "bravo"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
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],
"etymology_text": "From rug + -ed.",
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"expansion": "rugged (not comparable)",
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ɹʌɡd/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-rugged (past).wav",
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],
"word": "rugged"
}
{
"categories": [
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"2": "verb form"
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rug"
}
],
"glosses": [
"simple past and past participle of rug"
],
"links": [
[
"rug",
"rug#English"
]
],
"tags": [
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"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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},
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-rugged_%28past%29.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌɡd"
}
],
"word": "rugged"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rugged meaning in English (23.3kB)
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.