"paroxysm" meaning in English

See paroxysm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈpæ.ɹək.ˌsɪ.zəm/ [US] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav [Southern-England] Forms: paroxysms [plural]
Etymology: From French paroxysme, from Medieval Latin paroxysmus (“severe illness, fit of agony, paroxysm”), from Ancient Greek παροξυσμός (paroxusmós, “irritation, the severe fit of a disease”). Analyzable as para- + oxy- + -ism. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|paroxysme}} French paroxysme, {{der|en|ML.|paroxysmus||severe illness, fit of agony, paroxysm}} Medieval Latin paroxysmus (“severe illness, fit of agony, paroxysm”), {{der|en|grc|παροξυσμός||irritation, the severe fit of a disease}} Ancient Greek παροξυσμός (paroxusmós, “irritation, the severe fit of a disease”), {{af|en|para-|oxy-|-ism}} para- + oxy- + -ism, {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₂eḱ-}} Head templates: {{en-noun}} paroxysm (plural paroxysms)
  1. A random or sudden outburst (of activity). Translations (random or sudden outburst): παροξυσμός (paroxusmós) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), paroxisme [masculine] (Catalan), záchvat [masculine] (Czech), nával [masculine] (Czech), paroksismo (Esperanto), kohtaus (Finnish), purkaus (Finnish), paroxysme [masculine] (French), შეტევა (šeṭeva) (Georgian), Paroxysmus [masculine] (German), παροξυσμός (paroxysmós) [masculine] (Greek), פרוקסיזום [masculine] (Hebrew), kitörés (Hungarian), taom [masculine] (Irish), parossismo [masculine] (Italian), paroksyzm [masculine] (Polish), paroxismo [masculine] (Portuguese), при́ступ (prístup) [masculine] (Russian), парокси́зм (paroksízm) [masculine] (Russian), thraw (Scots), пaроксѝзaм [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), paroksìzam [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), paroksizem [masculine] (Slovene), paroxismo [masculine] (Spanish), bugso (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-paroxysm-en-noun-sxTSgjFc Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with oxy-, English terms prefixed with para-, English terms suffixed with -ism Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 44 15 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with oxy-: 42 37 22 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with para-: 35 38 27 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 33 38 28 Disambiguation of 'random or sudden outburst': 78 3 19
  2. An explosive event during a volcanic eruption.
    Sense id: en-paroxysm-en-noun-ZwZ5N-EH Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with oxy-, English terms prefixed with para-, English terms suffixed with -ism Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 44 15 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with oxy-: 42 37 22 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with para-: 35 38 27 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 33 38 28
  3. A sudden recurrence of a disease, such as a seizure or a coughing fit. Translations (sudden recurrence of a disease): παροξυσμός (paroxusmós) [masculine] (Ancient Greek), نَوْبَة (nawba) [feminine] (Arabic), պարոքսիզմ (parokʿsizm) (Armenian), նոպա (nopa) (Armenian), пристъп (pristǎp) [masculine] (Bulgarian), paroxisme [masculine] (Catalan), paroksismo (Esperanto), kohtaus (Finnish), paroxysme [masculine] (French), პაროქსიზმი (ṗaroksizmi) (Georgian), Paroxysmus [masculine] (German), παροξυσμός (paroxysmós) [masculine] (Greek), roham (Hungarian), acme [feminine] (Italian), parossismo [masculine] (Italian), raptus [masculine] (Italian), paroksyzm [masculine] (Polish), paroxismo [masculine] (Portuguese), парокси́зм (paroksízm) [masculine] (Russian), пароксѝзам [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), paroksìzam [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), paroxismo [masculine] (Spanish), bugso (Tagalog), pwl [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-paroxysm-en-noun-u3qMY7Q2 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with oxy-, English terms prefixed with para-, English terms suffixed with -ism Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 41 44 15 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with oxy-: 42 37 22 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with para-: 35 38 27 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 33 38 28 Disambiguation of 'sudden recurrence of a disease': 25 1 74
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: fit Derived forms: paroxysmal Related terms: oxymoron

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for paroxysm meaning in English (11.6kB)

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  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "paroxysmal"
    }
  ],
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "paroxysme"
      },
      "expansion": "French paroxysme",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "paroxysmus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "severe illness, fit of agony, paroxysm"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin paroxysmus (“severe illness, fit of agony, paroxysm”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "παροξυσμός",
        "4": "",
        "5": "irritation, the severe fit of a disease"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek παροξυσμός (paroxusmós, “irritation, the severe fit of a disease”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "para-",
        "3": "oxy-",
        "4": "-ism"
      },
      "expansion": "para- + oxy- + -ism",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂eḱ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French paroxysme, from Medieval Latin paroxysmus (“severe illness, fit of agony, paroxysm”), from Ancient Greek παροξυσμός (paroxusmós, “irritation, the severe fit of a disease”). Analyzable as para- + oxy- + -ism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "paroxysms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "paroxysm (plural paroxysms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "oxymoron"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 44 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 37 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with oxy-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
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        {
          "_dis": "35 38 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with para-",
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 38 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1983, John Fowles, Mantissa",
          "text": "Indeed in his excitement at this breakthrough he inadvertently dug his nails into the nurse's bottom, a gesture she misinterpreted, so that he had to suffer a paroxysm of breasts and loins in response.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 December 31, Carlotta Gall, Oleksandr Chubko, “In Bucha, a Final Rampage Served as a Coda to a Month of Atrocities”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
          "text": "The Russian soldier left a trail of blood and devastated lives in a last paroxysm of violence only hours before Russian troops began withdrawing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A random or sudden outburst (of activity)."
      ],
      "id": "en-paroxysm-en-noun-sxTSgjFc",
      "links": [
        [
          "random",
          "random"
        ],
        [
          "sudden",
          "sudden"
        ],
        [
          "outburst",
          "outburst"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroxisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "záchvat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nával"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "word": "paroksismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "word": "kohtaus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "word": "purkaus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroxysme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "šeṭeva",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "word": "შეტევა"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Paroxysmus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "paroxysmós",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "παροξυσμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "paroxusmós",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "παροξυσμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "פרוקסיזום"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "word": "kitörés"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "taom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "parossismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroksyzm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroxismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prístup",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "при́ступ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "paroksízm",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "парокси́зм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "sco",
          "lang": "Scots",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "word": "thraw"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пaроксѝзaм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroksìzam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroksizem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroxismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "78 3 19",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
          "word": "bugso"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "_dis": "41 44 15",
          "kind": "other",
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          "_dis": "42 37 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with oxy-",
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        {
          "_dis": "35 38 27",
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          "name": "English terms prefixed with para-",
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        {
          "_dis": "33 38 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An explosive event during a volcanic eruption."
      ],
      "id": "en-paroxysm-en-noun-ZwZ5N-EH",
      "links": [
        [
          "explosive",
          "explosive"
        ],
        [
          "volcanic",
          "volcanic"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "41 44 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "42 37 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with oxy-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 38 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with para-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 38 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sudden recurrence of a disease, such as a seizure or a coughing fit."
      ],
      "id": "en-paroxysm-en-noun-u3qMY7Q2",
      "links": [
        [
          "disease",
          "disease"
        ],
        [
          "seizure",
          "seizure"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "nawba",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "نَوْبَة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "parokʿsizm",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "word": "պարոքսիզմ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "nopa",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "word": "նոպա"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pristǎp",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пристъп"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroxisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "word": "paroksismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "word": "kohtaus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroxysme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ṗaroksizmi",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "word": "პაროქსიზმი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Paroxysmus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "paroxysmós",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "παροξυσμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "paroxusmós",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "παροξυσμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "word": "roham"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "acme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "parossismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "raptus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroksyzm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroxismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "paroksízm",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "парокси́зм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пароксѝзам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroksìzam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "paroxismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "word": "bugso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 1 74",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pwl"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpæ.ɹək.ˌsɪ.zəm/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "fit"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "paroxysm"
  ],
  "word": "paroxysm"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-",
    "English terms prefixed with oxy-",
    "English terms prefixed with para-",
    "English terms suffixed with -ism",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "IPA for English using .ˈ or .ˌ"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "paroxysmal"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "paroxysme"
      },
      "expansion": "French paroxysme",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "paroxysmus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "severe illness, fit of agony, paroxysm"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin paroxysmus (“severe illness, fit of agony, paroxysm”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "παροξυσμός",
        "4": "",
        "5": "irritation, the severe fit of a disease"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek παροξυσμός (paroxusmós, “irritation, the severe fit of a disease”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "para-",
        "3": "oxy-",
        "4": "-ism"
      },
      "expansion": "para- + oxy- + -ism",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂eḱ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From French paroxysme, from Medieval Latin paroxysmus (“severe illness, fit of agony, paroxysm”), from Ancient Greek παροξυσμός (paroxusmós, “irritation, the severe fit of a disease”). Analyzable as para- + oxy- + -ism.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "paroxysms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "paroxysm (plural paroxysms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "oxymoron"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1983, John Fowles, Mantissa",
          "text": "Indeed in his excitement at this breakthrough he inadvertently dug his nails into the nurse's bottom, a gesture she misinterpreted, so that he had to suffer a paroxysm of breasts and loins in response.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2022 December 31, Carlotta Gall, Oleksandr Chubko, “In Bucha, a Final Rampage Served as a Coda to a Month of Atrocities”, in The New York Times, →ISSN",
          "text": "The Russian soldier left a trail of blood and devastated lives in a last paroxysm of violence only hours before Russian troops began withdrawing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A random or sudden outburst (of activity)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "random",
          "random"
        ],
        [
          "sudden",
          "sudden"
        ],
        [
          "outburst",
          "outburst"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An explosive event during a volcanic eruption."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "explosive",
          "explosive"
        ],
        [
          "volcanic",
          "volcanic"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sudden recurrence of a disease, such as a seizure or a coughing fit."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disease",
          "disease"
        ],
        [
          "seizure",
          "seizure"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpæ.ɹək.ˌsɪ.zəm/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-paroxysm.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "fit"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroxisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "záchvat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nával"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "word": "paroksismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "word": "kohtaus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "word": "purkaus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroxysme"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "šeṭeva",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "word": "შეტევა"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Paroxysmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "paroxysmós",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "παροξυσμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "paroxusmós",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "παροξυσμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "פרוקסיזום"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "word": "kitörés"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "taom"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "parossismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroksyzm"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroxismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prístup",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "при́ступ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "paroksízm",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "парокси́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "sco",
      "lang": "Scots",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "word": "thraw"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пaроксѝзaм"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroksìzam"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroksizem"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroxismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "random or sudden outburst",
      "word": "bugso"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "nawba",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "نَوْبَة"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "parokʿsizm",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "word": "պարոքսիզմ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "nopa",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "word": "նոպա"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pristǎp",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пристъп"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroxisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "word": "paroksismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "word": "kohtaus"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroxysme"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ṗaroksizmi",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "word": "პაროქსიზმი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Paroxysmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "paroxysmós",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "παροξυσμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "paroxusmós",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "παροξυσμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "word": "roham"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "acme"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "parossismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "raptus"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroksyzm"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroxismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "paroksízm",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "парокси́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пароксѝзам"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroksìzam"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "paroxismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "word": "bugso"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "sudden recurrence of a disease",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pwl"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "paroxysm"
  ],
  "word": "paroxysm"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.