"pinnacle" meaning in English

See pinnacle in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈpɪnəkəl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav [Southern-England] Forms: pinnacles [plural]
Etymology: From Middle English, borrowed from Old French pinacle, pinnacle, from Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”), from Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”); see pin. Doublet of panache. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{der|en|fro|pinacle}} Old French pinacle, {{m|fro|pinnacle}} pinnacle, {{der|en|LL.|pinnaculum||a peak, pinnacle}} Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”), {{der|en|la|pinna||a pinnacle}} Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”), {{m|en|pin}} pin, {{doublet|en|panache}} Doublet of panache Head templates: {{en-noun}} pinnacle (plural pinnacles)
  1. The highest point. Synonyms: acme, peak, summit Translations (highest point): قِمَّة (qimma) [feminine] (Arabic), գագաթնակետ (gagatʿnaket) (Armenian), връхна точка (vrǎhna točka) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 巔峰 (Chinese Mandarin), 巅峰 (diānfēng) (Chinese Mandarin), vrchol (Czech), vrcholek [masculine] (Czech), top [masculine] (Dutch), spits [masculine] (Dutch), huippu (Finnish), huippukohta (Finnish), cime (French), მწვერვალი (mc̣vervali) (Georgian), Gipfel [masculine] (German), spuaic [feminine] (Irish), buaic [feminine] (Irish), pinnacolo [masculine] (Italian), cima [feminine] (Italian), picco [masculine] (Italian), somma [feminine] (Italian), guglia [feminine] (Italian), cuspide [feminine] (Italian), 頂上 (chōjō) (alt: ちょうじょう) (Japanese), 頂点 (chōten) (alt: ちょうてん) (Japanese), wjerch [masculine] (Lower Sorbian), puncak (Malay), karamata (Maori), karamatamata (Maori), taumata (Maori), tihi (Maori), пик (pik) [masculine] (Russian), вы́сшая то́чка (výsšaja tóčka) [feminine] (Russian), верши́на (veršína) [feminine] (Russian), शिरस् (śíras) [neuter] (Sanskrit), vrh (Serbo-Croatian), vrhunac (Serbo-Croatian), врх [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), врхунац [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), vrchol [masculine] (Slovak), cumbre [feminine] (Spanish), pináculo [masculine] (Spanish), karurukan (Tagalog), uchafbwynt [masculine] (Welsh), brig [plural] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-pinnacle-en-noun-Qm90OQaY Disambiguation of 'highest point': 88 1 9 2
  2. (geology) A tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain. Categories (topical): Geology Translations (tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain): špice [feminine] (Czech), špička [feminine] (Czech), spits [masculine] (Dutch), terävä huippu (Finnish), kalliopaasi (Finnish), pic (French), მწვერვალი (mc̣vervali) (Georgian), Felsnadel [feminine] (German), Felsturm [masculine] (German), spuaic [feminine] (Irish), stuaic [feminine] (Irish), cima [feminine] (Italian), picco [masculine] (Italian), остроконе́чная скала́ (ostrokonéčnaja skalá) [feminine] (Russian), šiljak (Serbo-Croatian), vrhunac (Serbo-Croatian), vrh (Serbo-Croatian), pico [masculine] (Spanish), copa [feminine, masculine] (Welsh), crib [feminine, masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-pinnacle-en-noun-NBXqgV3Z Topics: geography, geology, natural-sciences Disambiguation of 'tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain': 4 90 4 3
  3. (figuratively) An all-time high; a point of greatest achievement or success. Tags: figuratively Synonyms: apex Translations (figuratively: all-time high): връх (vrǎh) [masculine] (Bulgarian), (absolutní) špička [feminine] (Czech), toppunt [neuter] (Dutch), kohokohta (Finnish), huippuhetki (Finnish), Höhepunkt [masculine] (German), apogeo [masculine] (Italian), culmine [masculine] (Italian), apice [masculine] (Italian), karamata (Maori), пик (pik) [masculine] (Russian), ápice [masculine] (Spanish), pináculo [masculine] (Spanish), uchafbwynt [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-pinnacle-en-noun-x0tCum~0 Disambiguation of 'figuratively: all-time high': 4 5 84 6
  4. (architecture) An upright member, generally ending in a small spire, used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire. Categories (topical): Architectural elements Translations (architecture: an upright member): κορωνίς (korōnís) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), πτερύγιον (pterúgion) [neuter] (Ancient Greek), шпиц (špic) [masculine] (Bulgarian), pinacle [masculine] (Catalan), fiale [common-gender] (Danish), pinakel [neuter] (Dutch), pinacle [masculine] (French), Pinakel [neuter] (German), Fiale [feminine] (German), κορωνίδα (koronída) [feminine] (Greek), πτερύγιο (pterýgio) [neuter] (Greek), pinaklo (Ido), pinnacolo [masculine] (Italian), pinakiel [masculine] (Polish), sterczyna [feminine] (Polish), fiala [feminine] (Polish), pináculo [masculine] (Portuguese), pináculo [masculine] (Spanish), fial [common-gender] (Swedish), pinacl [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-pinnacle-en-noun-QfUA-WQd Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 6 19 25 46 2 2 Topics: architecture Disambiguation of 'architecture: an upright member': 8 2 4 86

Verb

IPA: /ˈpɪnəkəl/ Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav [Southern-England] Forms: pinnacles [present, singular, third-person], pinnacling [participle, present], pinnacled [participle, past], pinnacled [past]
Etymology: From Middle English, borrowed from Old French pinacle, pinnacle, from Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”), from Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”); see pin. Doublet of panache. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|-}} Middle English, {{der|en|fro|pinacle}} Old French pinacle, {{m|fro|pinnacle}} pinnacle, {{der|en|LL.|pinnaculum||a peak, pinnacle}} Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”), {{der|en|la|pinna||a pinnacle}} Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”), {{m|en|pin}} pin, {{doublet|en|panache}} Doublet of panache Head templates: {{en-verb}} pinnacle (third-person singular simple present pinnacles, present participle pinnacling, simple past and past participle pinnacled)
  1. (transitive) To place on a pinnacle. Tags: transitive Translations (put something on a pinnacle): يضع شيء على قمة عالية (Arabic), asettaa huipulle (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-pinnacle-en-verb-LCgNs9l8 Disambiguation of 'put something on a pinnacle': 82 18
  2. (transitive) To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-pinnacle-en-verb-IIFYg8P8

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for pinnacle meaning in English (20.1kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "pinacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French pinacle",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "pinnacle",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "pinnaculum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a peak, pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pinna",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pin"
      },
      "expansion": "pin",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "panache"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of panache",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English, borrowed from Old French pinacle, pinnacle, from Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”), from Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”); see pin. Doublet of panache.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pinnacles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pinnacle (plural pinnacles)",
      "name": "en-noun"
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  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "nadir"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The highest point."
      ],
      "id": "en-pinnacle-en-noun-Qm90OQaY",
      "links": [
        [
          "high",
          "high"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "acme"
        },
        {
          "word": "peak"
        },
        {
          "word": "summit"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "qimma",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "قِمَّة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "gagatʿnaket",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "գագաթնակետ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vrǎhna točka",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "връхна точка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "巔峰"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "diānfēng",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "巅峰"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "vrchol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vrcholek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "top"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spits"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "huippu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "huippukohta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "cime"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "mc̣vervali",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "მწვერვალი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Gipfel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spuaic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "buaic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pinnacolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cima"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "picco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "somma"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "guglia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cuspide"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "alt": "ちょうじょう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "chōjō",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "頂上"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "alt": "ちょうてん",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "chōten",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "頂点"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "puncak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "karamata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "karamatamata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "taumata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "tihi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pik",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пик"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "výsšaja tóčka",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "вы́сшая то́чка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "veršína",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "верши́на"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "śíras",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "शिरस्"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "vrh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "vrhunac"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "врх"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "врхунац"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vrchol"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "wjerch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cumbre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pináculo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "word": "karurukan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "uchafbwynt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 1 9 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "highest point",
          "tags": [
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "brig"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Geology",
          "orig": "en:Geology",
          "parents": [
            "Earth sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: sea stack"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1900, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 2, page 55",
          "text": "Kings, who remain in many respects the representatives of a vanished world, solitary pinnacles that topple over the rising waste of waters under which the past lies buried.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain."
      ],
      "id": "en-pinnacle-en-noun-NBXqgV3Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "geology",
          "geology"
        ],
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geology) A tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "geology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "špice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "špička"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "spits"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "word": "terävä huippu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "word": "kalliopaasi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "word": "pic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "mc̣vervali",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "word": "მწვერვალი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Felsnadel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Felsturm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "spuaic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "stuaic"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cima"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "picco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ostrokonéčnaja skalá",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "остроконе́чная скала́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "word": "šiljak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "word": "vrhunac"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "word": "vrh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pico"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "copa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 90 4 3",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "crib"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 7",
          "text": "The pinnacle of the effort to fix restrictive meanings to a set of terminology can be found in two papers in American Speech by Feinsilver (1979, 1980).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An all-time high; a point of greatest achievement or success."
      ],
      "id": "en-pinnacle-en-noun-x0tCum~0",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) An all-time high; a point of greatest achievement or success."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "apex"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vrǎh",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "връх"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "(absolutní) špička"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "toppunt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "word": "kohokohta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "word": "huippuhetki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Höhepunkt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "apogeo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "culmine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "apice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "word": "karamata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pik",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "пик"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ápice"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pináculo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 5 84 6",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "uchafbwynt"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Architectural elements",
          "orig": "en:Architectural elements",
          "parents": [
            "Architecture",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 19 25 46 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An upright member, generally ending in a small spire, used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire."
      ],
      "id": "en-pinnacle-en-noun-QfUA-WQd",
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "spire",
          "spire"
        ],
        [
          "buttress",
          "buttress"
        ],
        [
          "gable",
          "gable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture) An upright member, generally ending in a small spire, used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "špic",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "шпиц"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pinacle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fiale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pinakel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pinacle"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Pinakel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Fiale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "koronída",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "κορωνίδα"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "pterýgio",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "πτερύγιο"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "korōnís",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "κορωνίς"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "pterúgion",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "πτερύγιον"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "word": "pinaklo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pinnacolo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pinakiel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sterczyna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "fiala"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pináculo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pináculo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "fial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 2 4 86",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pinacl"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɪnəkəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pinnacle"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "pinacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French pinacle",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "pinnacle",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "pinnaculum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a peak, pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pinna",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pin"
      },
      "expansion": "pin",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "panache"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of panache",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English, borrowed from Old French pinacle, pinnacle, from Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”), from Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”); see pin. Doublet of panache.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pinnacles",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pinnacling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pinnacled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pinnacled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pinnacle (third-person singular simple present pinnacles, present participle pinnacling, simple past and past participle pinnacled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To place on a pinnacle."
      ],
      "id": "en-pinnacle-en-verb-LCgNs9l8",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To place on a pinnacle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "sense": "put something on a pinnacle",
          "word": "يضع شيء على قمة عالية"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "82 18",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "put something on a pinnacle",
          "word": "asettaa huipulle"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1782, Thomas Warton, The History and Antiquities of Kiddington",
          "text": "The pediment of the Southern Transept is pinnacled, not inelegantly, with a flourished cross",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles."
      ],
      "id": "en-pinnacle-en-verb-IIFYg8P8",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɪnəkəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pinnacle"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "pinacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French pinacle",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "pinnacle",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "pinnaculum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a peak, pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pinna",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pin"
      },
      "expansion": "pin",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "panache"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of panache",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English, borrowed from Old French pinacle, pinnacle, from Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”), from Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”); see pin. Doublet of panache.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pinnacles",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pinnacle (plural pinnacles)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "nadir"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The highest point."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "high",
          "high"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "acme"
        },
        {
          "word": "peak"
        },
        {
          "word": "summit"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Geology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: sea stack"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1900, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 2, page 55",
          "text": "Kings, who remain in many respects the representatives of a vanished world, solitary pinnacles that topple over the rising waste of waters under which the past lies buried.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "geology",
          "geology"
        ],
        [
          "rock",
          "rock"
        ],
        [
          "mountain",
          "mountain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(geology) A tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "geology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide, page 7",
          "text": "The pinnacle of the effort to fix restrictive meanings to a set of terminology can be found in two papers in American Speech by Feinsilver (1979, 1980).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An all-time high; a point of greatest achievement or success."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) An all-time high; a point of greatest achievement or success."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "apex"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Architectural elements"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An upright member, generally ending in a small spire, used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "architecture",
          "architecture"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "spire",
          "spire"
        ],
        [
          "buttress",
          "buttress"
        ],
        [
          "gable",
          "gable"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(architecture) An upright member, generally ending in a small spire, used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "architecture"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɪnəkəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "qimma",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "قِمَّة"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "gagatʿnaket",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "գագաթնակետ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vrǎhna točka",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "връхна точка"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "巔峰"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "diānfēng",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "巅峰"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "vrchol"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vrcholek"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "top"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spits"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "huippu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "huippukohta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "cime"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "mc̣vervali",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "მწვერვალი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Gipfel"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spuaic"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "buaic"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pinnacolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cima"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "picco"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "somma"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "guglia"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cuspide"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ちょうじょう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "chōjō",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "頂上"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ちょうてん",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "chōten",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "頂点"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "puncak"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "karamata"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "karamatamata"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "taumata"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "tihi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pik",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пик"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "výsšaja tóčka",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "вы́сшая то́чка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "veršína",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "верши́на"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "śíras",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "शिरस्"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "vrh"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "vrhunac"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "врх"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "врхунац"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vrchol"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "wjerch"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cumbre"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pináculo"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "word": "karurukan"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "uchafbwynt"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "highest point",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "brig"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "špice"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "špička"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "spits"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "word": "terävä huippu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "word": "kalliopaasi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "word": "pic"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "mc̣vervali",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "word": "მწვერვალი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Felsnadel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Felsturm"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "spuaic"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "stuaic"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cima"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "picco"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ostrokonéčnaja skalá",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "остроконе́чная скала́"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "word": "šiljak"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "word": "vrhunac"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "word": "vrh"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pico"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "copa"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "crib"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vrǎh",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "връх"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "(absolutní) špička"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "toppunt"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "word": "kohokohta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "word": "huippuhetki"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Höhepunkt"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "apogeo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "culmine"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "apice"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "word": "karamata"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pik",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "пик"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ápice"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pináculo"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "figuratively: all-time high",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "uchafbwynt"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "špic",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "шпиц"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pinacle"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fiale"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pinakel"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pinacle"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Pinakel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Fiale"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "koronída",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "κορωνίδα"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "pterýgio",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "πτερύγιο"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "korōnís",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "κορωνίς"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "pterúgion",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "πτερύγιον"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "word": "pinaklo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pinnacolo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pinakiel"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sterczyna"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "fiala"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pináculo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pináculo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "fial"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "architecture: an upright member",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pinacl"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pinnacle"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "pinacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French pinacle",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "pinnacle",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "pinnaculum",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a peak, pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pinna",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a pinnacle"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pin"
      },
      "expansion": "pin",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "panache"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of panache",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English, borrowed from Old French pinacle, pinnacle, from Late Latin pinnaculum (“a peak, pinnacle”), from Latin pinna (“a pinnacle”); see pin. Doublet of panache.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pinnacles",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pinnacling",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pinnacled",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pinnacled",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pinnacle (third-person singular simple present pinnacles, present participle pinnacling, simple past and past participle pinnacled)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To place on a pinnacle."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To place on a pinnacle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1782, Thomas Warton, The History and Antiquities of Kiddington",
          "text": "The pediment of the Southern Transept is pinnacled, not inelegantly, with a flourished cross",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɪnəkəl/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pinnacle.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "sense": "put something on a pinnacle",
      "word": "يضع شيء على قمة عالية"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "put something on a pinnacle",
      "word": "asettaa huipulle"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pinnacle"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.