See gnaw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gnaw meaning in English (21.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "begnaw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gnaw someone's vitals"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gnawer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gnawable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ungnawed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gnawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gnawen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnaȝen"
},
"expansion": "gnaȝen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnagan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch knagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German nagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gnage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål gnage",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnēgʰ-",
"t": "to gnaw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gnawen, gnaȝen, from Old English gnagan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaganą. Cognate with Dutch knagen, German nagen, Norwegian Bokmål gnage, Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga, Swedish gnaga. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnaws",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnew",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawn",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "gnew",
"past2_qual": "dialectal",
"past_ptc2": "gnawn",
"past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "gnaw (third-person singular simple present gnaws, present participle gnawing, simple past gnawed or (dialectal) gnew, past participle gnawed or (archaic) gnawn)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nag"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 49 41 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 43 50 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The dog gnawed the bone until it broke in two.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bite something persistently, especially something tough."
],
"id": "en-gnaw-en-verb-FAoHjb-Y",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"bite",
"bite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To bite something persistently, especially something tough."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "bren"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḵara",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "نَخَرَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaraṣ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "قرص"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "krcel",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "կրծել"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "arod"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "royer"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gəmirmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrýzci",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гры́зці"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hladácʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глада́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "krignat"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grizá",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гриза́"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "glóžda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гло́жда"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "twap",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "တွပ်"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kitkit"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asgogia",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ᎠᏍᎪᎩᎠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěn",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "啃"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǎo",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "咬"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shì",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "噬"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hlodat"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hryzat"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnave"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "knagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ronĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "jyrsiä"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "jäytää"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kalvaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ronger"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roseâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rillar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "knabbern"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rokanízo",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ροκανίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "trṓgō",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "τρώγω"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kirsém",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "כִּרְסֵם"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kutarnā",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "कुतरना"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rág"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "naga"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosicchiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "mordicchiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosicare"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"alt": "かじる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kajiru",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "齧る"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kemıru",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "кеміру"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑkee",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "កកេរ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssolda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "쏠다"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mureotteutda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "물어뜯다"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rōdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kost"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "krimst"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grize",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гризе"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gloda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "unggis"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kerumit"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngūngū"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngau"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kakati"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "gun",
"lang": "Mbyá Guaraní",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nhakaraĩ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "merex",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "мэрэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnage"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "gryzti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грꙑзти"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "gryzti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грызти"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâyidan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "خاییدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xasidan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "خسیدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rusié"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gryźć"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "głodać"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "morder"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "rap",
"lang": "Rapa Nui",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gaugau"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roade"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gryztʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грызть"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glodátʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "arroere"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roere"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глодати"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "glodati"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hlodať"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hrýzť"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gristi"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "glódati"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hłodać"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hryzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngatngat"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tɛ́",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "แทะ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kemirmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrýzty",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гри́зти"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hlodáty",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gʻajimoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kemirmoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"alt": "哏",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "cắn"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"alt": "㘖",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nhằn"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4 0",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "koçen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 49 41 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 43 50 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her comment gnawed at me all day and I couldn't think about anything else.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce excessive anxiety or worry."
],
"id": "en-gnaw-en-verb-Pg09t6Oq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To produce excessive anxiety or worry."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gloždja",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "глождя"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "terzaja",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "терзая"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "préoccuper"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "nagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "verfolgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "umtreiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "beschäftigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "kunāwhea"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "whakakūnawheke"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "kinikini"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "gnjaviti"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To corrode; to fret away; to waste."
],
"id": "en-gnaw-en-verb-DDbZboX8",
"links": [
[
"corrode",
"corrode"
],
[
"fret",
"fret"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɔː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "nor (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gnaw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg/En-us-gnaw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "nô"
},
{
"enpr": "nä"
}
],
"word": "gnaw"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gnawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gnawen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnaȝen"
},
"expansion": "gnaȝen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnagan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch knagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German nagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gnage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål gnage",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnēgʰ-",
"t": "to gnaw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gnawen, gnaȝen, from Old English gnagan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaganą. Cognate with Dutch knagen, German nagen, Norwegian Bokmål gnage, Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga, Swedish gnaga. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnaws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gnaw (plural gnaws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "have a gnaw of a bone",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the act of gnawing"
],
"id": "en-gnaw-en-noun-AB5yE~C2"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɔː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "nor (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gnaw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg/En-us-gnaw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "nô"
},
{
"enpr": "nä"
}
],
"word": "gnaw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "begnaw"
},
{
"word": "gnaw someone's vitals"
},
{
"word": "gnawer"
},
{
"word": "gnawable"
},
{
"word": "ungnawed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gnawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gnawen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnaȝen"
},
"expansion": "gnaȝen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnagan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch knagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German nagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gnage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål gnage",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnēgʰ-",
"t": "to gnaw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gnawen, gnaȝen, from Old English gnagan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaganą. Cognate with Dutch knagen, German nagen, Norwegian Bokmål gnage, Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga, Swedish gnaga. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnaws",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnew",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawn",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "gnew",
"past2_qual": "dialectal",
"past_ptc2": "gnawn",
"past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "gnaw (third-person singular simple present gnaws, present participle gnawing, simple past gnawed or (dialectal) gnew, past participle gnawed or (archaic) gnawn)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "nag"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The dog gnawed the bone until it broke in two.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bite something persistently, especially something tough."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"bite",
"bite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To bite something persistently, especially something tough."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her comment gnawed at me all day and I couldn't think about anything else.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce excessive anxiety or worry."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To produce excessive anxiety or worry."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To corrode; to fret away; to waste."
],
"links": [
[
"corrode",
"corrode"
],
[
"fret",
"fret"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɔː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "nor (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gnaw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg/En-us-gnaw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "nô"
},
{
"enpr": "nä"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "bren"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḵara",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "نَخَرَ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaraṣ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "قرص"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "krcel",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "կրծել"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "arod"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "royer"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gəmirmək"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrýzci",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гры́зці"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hladácʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глада́ць"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "krignat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grizá",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гриза́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "glóžda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гло́жда"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "twap",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "တွပ်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosegar"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kitkit"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asgogia",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ᎠᏍᎪᎩᎠ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěn",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "啃"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǎo",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "咬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shì",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "噬"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hlodat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hryzat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnave"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "knagen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ronĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "jyrsiä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "jäytää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kalvaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ronger"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roseâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rillar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nagen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "knabbern"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rokanízo",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ροκανίζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "trṓgō",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "τρώγω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kirsém",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "כִּרְסֵם"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kutarnā",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "कुतरना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rág"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "naga"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosicchiare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "mordicchiare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosicare"
},
{
"alt": "かじる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kajiru",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "齧る"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kemıru",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "кеміру"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑkee",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "កកេរ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssolda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "쏠다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mureotteutda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "물어뜯다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rōdō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kost"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "krimst"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grize",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гризе"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gloda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "unggis"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kerumit"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngūngū"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kakati"
},
{
"code": "gun",
"lang": "Mbyá Guaraní",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nhakaraĩ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "merex",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "мэрэх"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnage"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnaga"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosegar"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "gryzti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грꙑзти"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "gryzti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грызти"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâyidan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "خاییدن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xasidan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "خسیدن"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rusié"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gryźć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "głodać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "morder"
},
{
"code": "rap",
"lang": "Rapa Nui",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gaugau"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roade"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gryztʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грызть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glodátʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода́ть"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "arroere"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roere"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глодати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "glodati"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hlodať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hrýzť"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gristi"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "glódati"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hłodać"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hryzać"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnaga"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngatngat"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tɛ́",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "แทะ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kemirmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrýzty",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гри́зти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hlodáty",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода́ти"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gʻajimoq"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kemirmoq"
},
{
"alt": "哏",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "cắn"
},
{
"alt": "㘖",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nhằn"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "koçen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gloždja",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "глождя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "terzaja",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "терзая"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "préoccuper"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "nagen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "verfolgen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "umtreiben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "beschäftigen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "kunāwhea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "whakakūnawheke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "kinikini"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "gnjaviti"
}
],
"word": "gnaw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gnawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gnawen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gnaȝen"
},
"expansion": "gnaȝen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnagan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch knagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German nagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gnage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål gnage",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnēgʰ-",
"t": "to gnaw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gnawen, gnaȝen, from Old English gnagan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaganą. Cognate with Dutch knagen, German nagen, Norwegian Bokmål gnage, Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga, Swedish gnaga. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnaws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gnaw (plural gnaws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "have a gnaw of a bone",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the act of gnawing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nɔː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"homophone": "nor (in non-rhotic accents)"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gnaw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg/En-us-gnaw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "nô"
},
{
"enpr": "nä"
}
],
"word": "gnaw"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.