See gnaw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "begnaw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gnaw someone's vitals"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gnawer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gnawable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ungnawed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gnawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gnawen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnagan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch knagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German nagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gnave",
"t": "to gnaw"
},
"expansion": "Danish gnave (“to gnaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gnage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål gnage",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnēgʰ-",
"t": "to gnaw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gnawen, gnaȝen, from Old English gnagan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaganą. Cognate with Dutch knagen, German nagen, Danish gnave (“to gnaw”), Norwegian Bokmål gnage, Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga, Swedish gnaga. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnaws",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnew",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawn",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "gnew",
"past2_qual": "dialectal",
"past_ptc2": "gnawn",
"past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "gnaw (third-person singular simple present gnaws, present participle gnawing, simple past gnawed or (dialectal) gnew, past participle gnawed or (archaic) gnawn)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nag"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The dog gnawed the bone until it broke in two.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], line 25:",
"text": "Ten thousand men that fishes gnaw'd upon",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bite something persistently, especially something tough."
],
"id": "en-gnaw-en-verb-FAoHjb-Y",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"bite",
"bite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To bite something persistently, especially something tough."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "bren"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḵara",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "نَخَرَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qaḍama",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "قَضَمَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaraṣ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "قرص"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "krcel",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "կրծել"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "arod"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "royer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ñascar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gəmirmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrýzci",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гры́зці"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hladácʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глада́ць"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "krignat"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grizá",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гриза́"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "glóžda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гло́жда"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "twap",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "တွပ်"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kitkit"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asgogia",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ᎠᏍᎪᎩᎠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěn",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "啃"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǎo",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "咬"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shì",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "噬"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hlodat"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hryzat"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnave"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "knagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ronĝi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "jyrsiä"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "jäytää"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kalvaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ronger"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roseâ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rillar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kauen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "knabbern"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rokanízo",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ροκανίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "trṓgō",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "τρώγω"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kirsém",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "כִּרְסֵם"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kutarnā",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "कुतरना"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rág"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "naga"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosicchiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "mordicchiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosicare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"alt": "かじる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kajiru",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "齧る"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kemıru",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "кеміру"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑkee",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "កកេរ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssolda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "쏠다"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mureotteutda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "물어뜯다"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rōdō"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kost"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "krimst"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "įsikąsti"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grize",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гризе"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gloda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "unggis"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kerumit"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngūngū"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngau"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kakati"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "gun",
"lang": "Mbyá Guaraní",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nhakaraĩ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "merex",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "мэрэх"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnage"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "grysti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грꙑсти"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "pogrysti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "погрꙑсти"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "gryzti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грызти"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâyidan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "خاییدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xasidan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "خسیدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rusié"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gryźć"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "głodać"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "morder"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "rap",
"lang": "Rapa Nui",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gaugau"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roade"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gryztʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грызть"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glodátʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "arroere"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roere"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глодати"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "glodati"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hlodať"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hrýzť"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gristi"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "glódati"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "poglodati"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hłodać"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hryzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "carcomer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "chancomer"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rustir"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngatngat"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tɛ́",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "แทะ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kemirmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrýzty",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гри́зти"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hlodáty",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода́ти"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gʻajimoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kemirmoq"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"alt": "哏",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "cắn"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"alt": "㘖",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nhằn"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "koçen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her comment gnawed at me all day and I couldn't think about anything else.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce excessive anxiety or worry."
],
"id": "en-gnaw-en-verb-Pg09t6Oq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To produce excessive anxiety or worry."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gloždja",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "глождя"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "terzaja",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "терзая"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "préoccuper"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "nagen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "verfolgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "umtreiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "beschäftigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "kunāwhea"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "whakakūnawheke"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "kinikini"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 94 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "gnjaviti"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1637, Thomas Heywood, The Royall King, and the Loyall Subject. […], London: […] Nich[olas] and John Okes, for James Becket, […], →OCLC, Act III, signature E4, verso:",
"text": "VVots thou vvho's returnd, / The unthrift Bonvile, ragged as a ſcarre-crovv / The VVarres have gnavv'd his garments to the skinne: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To corrode; to fret away; to waste."
],
"id": "en-gnaw-en-verb-DDbZboX8",
"links": [
[
"corrode",
"corrode"
],
[
"fret",
"fret"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "nô",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"enpr": "nô",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nä",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gnaw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg/En-us-gnaw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "nor (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "gnaw"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gnawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gnawen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnagan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch knagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German nagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gnave",
"t": "to gnaw"
},
"expansion": "Danish gnave (“to gnaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gnage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål gnage",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnēgʰ-",
"t": "to gnaw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gnawen, gnaȝen, from Old English gnagan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaganą. Cognate with Dutch knagen, German nagen, Danish gnave (“to gnaw”), Norwegian Bokmål gnage, Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga, Swedish gnaga. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnaws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gnaw (plural gnaws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "have a gnaw of a bone",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the act of gnawing"
],
"id": "en-gnaw-en-noun-AB5yE~C2"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "nô",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"enpr": "nô",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nä",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gnaw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg/En-us-gnaw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "nor (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "gnaw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Rapa Nui translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "begnaw"
},
{
"word": "gnaw someone's vitals"
},
{
"word": "gnawer"
},
{
"word": "gnawable"
},
{
"word": "ungnawed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gnawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gnawen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnagan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch knagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German nagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gnave",
"t": "to gnaw"
},
"expansion": "Danish gnave (“to gnaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gnage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål gnage",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnēgʰ-",
"t": "to gnaw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gnawen, gnaȝen, from Old English gnagan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaganą. Cognate with Dutch knagen, German nagen, Danish gnave (“to gnaw”), Norwegian Bokmål gnage, Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga, Swedish gnaga. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnaws",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnew",
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gnawn",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "gnew",
"past2_qual": "dialectal",
"past_ptc2": "gnawn",
"past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "gnaw (third-person singular simple present gnaws, present participle gnawing, simple past gnawed or (dialectal) gnew, past participle gnawed or (archaic) gnawn)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "nag"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The dog gnawed the bone until it broke in two.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], line 25:",
"text": "Ten thousand men that fishes gnaw'd upon",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bite something persistently, especially something tough."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"bite",
"bite"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive) To bite something persistently, especially something tough."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her comment gnawed at me all day and I couldn't think about anything else.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce excessive anxiety or worry."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To produce excessive anxiety or worry."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1637, Thomas Heywood, The Royall King, and the Loyall Subject. […], London: […] Nich[olas] and John Okes, for James Becket, […], →OCLC, Act III, signature E4, verso:",
"text": "VVots thou vvho's returnd, / The unthrift Bonvile, ragged as a ſcarre-crovv / The VVarres have gnavv'd his garments to the skinne: […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To corrode; to fret away; to waste."
],
"links": [
[
"corrode",
"corrode"
],
[
"fret",
"fret"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "nô",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"enpr": "nô",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nä",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gnaw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg/En-us-gnaw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "nor (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "bren"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "naḵara",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "نَخَرَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qaḍama",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "قَضَمَ"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaraṣ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "قرص"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "krcel",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "կրծել"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "arod"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "royer"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ñascar"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gəmirmək"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hrýzci",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гры́зці"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "hladácʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глада́ць"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "krignat"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grizá",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гриза́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "glóžda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гло́жда"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "twap",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "တွပ်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosegar"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kitkit"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "asgogia",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ᎠᏍᎪᎩᎠ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěn",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "啃"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǎo",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "咬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shì",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "噬"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hlodat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hryzat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnave"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "knagen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ronĝi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "jyrsiä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "jäytää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kalvaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ronger"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roseâ"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rillar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nagen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kauen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "knabbern"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rokanízo",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ροκανίζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "trṓgō",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "τρώγω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kirsém",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "כִּרְסֵם"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kutarnā",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "कुतरना"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rág"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "naga"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosicchiare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "mordicchiare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosicare"
},
{
"alt": "かじる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kajiru",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "齧る"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kemıru",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "кеміру"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kɑkee",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "កកេរ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "ssolda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "쏠다"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "mureotteutda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "물어뜯다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rōdō"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kost"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "krimst"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "įsikąsti"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grize",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гризе"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gloda",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "unggis"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kerumit"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngūngū"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kakati"
},
{
"code": "gun",
"lang": "Mbyá Guaraní",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nhakaraĩ"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "merex",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "мэрэх"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnage"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnaga"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosegar"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "grysti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грꙑсти"
},
{
"code": "cu",
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"roman": "pogrysti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "погрꙑсти"
},
{
"code": "orv",
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"roman": "gryzti",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грызти"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xâyidan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "خاییدن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "xasidan",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "خسیدن"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rusié"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gryźć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "głodać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "morder"
},
{
"code": "rap",
"lang": "Rapa Nui",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gaugau"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roade"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gryztʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "грызть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glodátʹ",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода́ть"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "arroere"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roere"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глодати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"imperfective"
],
"word": "glodati"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hlodať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hrýzť"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "gristi"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "glódati"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "poglodati"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hłodać"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hryzać"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "roer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rosigar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "carcomer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "chancomer"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "rustir"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gnaga"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "ngatngat"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tɛ́",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "แทะ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kemirmek"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hrýzty",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "гри́зти"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hlodáty",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "глода́ти"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "gʻajimoq"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "kemirmoq"
},
{
"alt": "哏",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "cắn"
},
{
"alt": "㘖",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "nhằn"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to bite something persistently",
"word": "koçen"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gloždja",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "глождя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "terzaja",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "терзая"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "harceler"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "préoccuper"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "nagen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "verfolgen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "umtreiben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "beschäftigen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "rodere"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "kunāwhea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "whakakūnawheke"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "kinikini"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to produce anxiety or worry",
"word": "gnjaviti"
}
],
"word": "gnaw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Cherokee translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations",
"Terms with Old East Slavic translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Rapa Nui translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "gnawen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English gnawen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gnagan"
},
"expansion": "Old English gnagan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gnaganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "knagen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch knagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "nagen"
},
"expansion": "German nagen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gnave",
"t": "to gnaw"
},
"expansion": "Danish gnave (“to gnaw”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "gnage"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål gnage",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "gnaga"
},
"expansion": "Swedish gnaga",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰnēgʰ-",
"t": "to gnaw, scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English gnawen, gnaȝen, from Old English gnagan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaganą. Cognate with Dutch knagen, German nagen, Danish gnave (“to gnaw”), Norwegian Bokmål gnage, Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga, Swedish gnaga. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gnaws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gnaw (plural gnaws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "have a gnaw of a bone",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the act of gnawing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "nô",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔː/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"enpr": "nô",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɔ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "nä",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/nɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-gnaw.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg/En-us-gnaw.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "nor (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "gnaw"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gnaw meaning in English (26.4kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "gnaw/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Egyptian-Arabic not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Old English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms inherited from Old English\", \"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms with homophones\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Old Church Slavonic terms with redundant script codes\", \"Pages with 2 entries\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː\", \"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Aromanian translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Cebuano translations\", \"Terms with Cherokee translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Egyptian Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Mbyá Guaraní translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old Church Slavonic translations\", \"Terms with Old East Slavic translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Piedmontese translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Rapa Nui translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"begnaw\"}, {\"word\": \"gnaw someone's vitals\"}, {\"word\": \"gnawer\"}, {\"word\": \"gnawable\"}, {\"word\": \"ungnawed\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"gnawen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English gnawen\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ang\", \"3\": \"gnagan\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English gnagan\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*gnaganą\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *gnaganą\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nl\", \"2\": \"knagen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Dutch knagen\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"de\", \"2\": \"nagen\"}, \"expansion\": \"German nagen\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"da\", \"2\": \"gnave\", \"t\": \"to gnaw\"}, \"expansion\": \"Danish gnave (“to gnaw”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nb\", \"2\": \"gnage\"}, \"expansion\": \"Norwegian Bokmål gnage\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nn\", \"2\": \"gnaga\"}, \"expansion\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"sv\", \"2\": \"gnaga\"}, \"expansion\": \"Swedish gnaga\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʰnēgʰ-\", \"t\": \"to gnaw, scratch\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English gnawen, gnaȝen, from Old English gnagan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaganą. Cognate with Dutch knagen, German nagen, Danish gnave (“to gnaw”), Norwegian Bokmål gnage, Norwegian Nynorsk gnaga, Swedish gnaga. Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"gnaws\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"gnawing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"gnawed\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"gnew\", \"tags\": [\"dialectal\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"gnawed\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"gnawn\", \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"participle\", \"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"past2\": \"gnew\", \"past2_qual\": \"dialectal\", \"past_ptc2\": \"gnawn\", \"past_ptc2_qual\": \"archaic\"}, \"expansion\": \"gnaw (third-person singular simple present gnaws, present participle gnawing, simple past gnawed or (dialectal) gnew, past participle gnawed or (archaic) gnawn)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"nag\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"The dog gnawed the bone until it broke in two.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], line 25:\", \"text\": \"Ten thousand men that fishes gnaw'd upon\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To bite something persistently, especially something tough.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitive\", \"transitive\"], [\"intransitive\", \"intransitive\"], [\"bite\", \"bite\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, intransitive) To bite something persistently, especially something tough.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English intransitive verbs\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Her comment gnawed at me all day and I couldn't think about anything else.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To produce excessive anxiety or worry.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(intransitive) To produce excessive anxiety or worry.\"], \"tags\": [\"intransitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1637, Thomas Heywood, The Royall King, and the Loyall Subject. […], London: […] Nich[olas] and John Okes, for James Becket, […], →OCLC, Act III, signature E4, verso:\", \"text\": \"VVots thou vvho's returnd, / The unthrift Bonvile, ragged as a ſcarre-crovv / The VVarres have gnavv'd his garments to the skinne: […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To corrode; to fret away; to waste.\"], \"links\": [[\"corrode\", \"corrode\"], [\"fret\", \"fret\"], [\"waste\", \"waste\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"enpr\": \"nô\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/nɔː/\", \"tags\": [\"UK\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɔː\"}, {\"enpr\": \"nô\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/nɔ/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"enpr\": \"nä\", \"tags\": [\"cot-caught-merger\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/nɑ/\", \"tags\": [\"cot-caught-merger\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-gnaw.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg/En-us-gnaw.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-us-gnaw.ogg\"}, {\"homophone\": \"nor (non-rhotic)\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"bren\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"naḵara\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"نَخَرَ\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"qaḍama\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"قَضَمَ\"}, {\"code\": \"arz\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ʔaraṣ\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"Egyptian-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"قرص\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"krcel\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"կրծել\"}, {\"code\": \"rup\", \"lang\": \"Aromanian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"arod\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"royer\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"roer\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"ñascar\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"gəmirmək\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"hrýzci\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"гры́зці\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"hladácʹ\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"глада́ць\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"krignat\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"grizá\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"гриза́\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"glóžda\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"гло́жда\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"twap\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"တွပ်\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rosegar\"}, {\"code\": \"ceb\", \"lang\": \"Cebuano\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"kitkit\"}, {\"code\": \"chr\", \"lang\": \"Cherokee\", \"roman\": \"asgogia\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"ᎠᏍᎪᎩᎠ\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"kěn\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"啃\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"yǎo\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"咬\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"shì\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"噬\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"hlodat\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"hryzat\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"gnave\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"knagen\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"ronĝi\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"jyrsiä\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"jäytää\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"kalvaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"ronger\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"roseâ\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"roer\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rillar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"nagen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"kauen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"knabbern\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"rokanízo\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"ροκανίζω\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"trṓgō\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"τρώγω\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kirsém\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"כִּרְסֵם\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"kutarnā\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"कुतरना\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rág\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"naga\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rodere\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rosicchiare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"mordicchiare\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rosicare\"}, {\"alt\": \"かじる\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"kajiru\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"齧る\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"kemıru\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"кеміру\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"kɑkee\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"កកេរ\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"ssolda\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"쏠다\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"mureotteutda\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"물어뜯다\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rōdō\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"kost\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"krimst\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"įsikąsti\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"grize\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"гризе\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"gloda\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"глода\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"unggis\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"kerumit\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"ngūngū\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"ngau\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"kakati\"}, {\"code\": \"gun\", \"lang\": \"Mbyá Guaraní\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"nhakaraĩ\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"merex\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"мэрэх\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"gnage\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"gnaga\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rosegar\"}, {\"code\": \"cu\", \"lang\": \"Old Church Slavonic\", \"roman\": \"grysti\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"грꙑсти\"}, {\"code\": \"cu\", \"lang\": \"Old Church Slavonic\", \"roman\": \"pogrysti\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"погрꙑсти\"}, {\"code\": \"orv\", \"lang\": \"Old East Slavic\", \"roman\": \"gryzti\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"грызти\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"xâyidan\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"خاییدن\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"xasidan\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"خسیدن\"}, {\"code\": \"pms\", \"lang\": \"Piedmontese\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rusié\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"gryźć\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"głodać\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"roer\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"morder\"}, {\"code\": \"rap\", \"lang\": \"Rapa Nui\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"gaugau\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"roade\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"gryztʹ\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"грызть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"glodátʹ\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"глода́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rodere\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"arroere\"}, {\"code\": \"sc\", \"lang\": \"Sardinian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"roere\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"глодати\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"glodati\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"hlodať\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"hrýzť\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"gristi\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"glódati\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"poglodati\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"hłodać\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"hryzać\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"roer\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rosigar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"carcomer\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"chancomer\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"rustir\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"gnaga\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"ngatngat\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"tɛ́\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"แทะ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"kemirmek\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"hrýzty\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"гри́зти\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"hlodáty\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"глода́ти\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"gʻajimoq\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"kemirmoq\"}, {\"alt\": \"哏\", \"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"cắn\"}, {\"alt\": \"㘖\", \"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"nhằn\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"to bite something persistently\", \"word\": \"koçen\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"gloždja\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"глождя\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"terzaja\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"терзая\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"harceler\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"préoccuper\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"nagen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"verfolgen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"umtreiben\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"beschäftigen\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"rodere\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"kunāwhea\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"whakakūnawheke\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"kinikini\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"to produce anxiety or worry\", \"word\": \"gnjaviti\"}], \"word\": \"gnaw\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gnaw",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.