See churn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for churn meaning in English (34.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "churn and burn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "churn out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "churn up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stomach-churning"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chyrne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chyrne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cherne"
},
"expansion": "cherne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kyrne"
},
"expansion": "kyrne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kirn"
},
"expansion": "kirn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċyrn"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċyrn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċyrin"
},
"expansion": "ċyrin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċirin",
"3": "",
"4": "churn"
},
"expansion": "ċirin (“churn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kirnijǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "churn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chyrnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chyrnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċernan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċernan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kirnijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to churn, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjerne"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjerne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "karn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch karn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "serene"
},
"expansion": "Walloon serene",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Karn"
},
"expansion": "German Karn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kirne"
},
"expansion": "Kirne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kjerne"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål kjerne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kærne"
},
"expansion": "Danish kærne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kärna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kärna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kirna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Noun from Middle English chyrne, cherne, kyrne ( > Scots kirn), from Old English ċyrn, ċyrin, ċirin (“churn”), from Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”); verb from Middle English chyrnen from Old English ċernan, from Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”), of unknown origin. Cognate with West Frisian tsjerne, Dutch karn, Walloon serene, German Karn, Kirne, Norwegian Bokmål kjerne, Danish kærne, Swedish kärna, Icelandic kirna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "churns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "churning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "churned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "churned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "churn (third-person singular simple present churns, present participle churning, simple past and past participle churned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Now the cream is churned to make butter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "no-churn ice cream",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1717, Joseph Addison, Metamorphoses",
"text": "Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-verb-gXDu5XX2",
"links": [
[
"agitate",
"agitate"
],
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"repetitive",
"repetitive"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
],
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
],
[
"cream",
"cream"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razbǎrkvam",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "разбърквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "攪"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎo",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "搅"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stloukat"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stlouci"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "nl",
"english": "butter",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "karnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "nl",
"english": "fluid",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "agiteren"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "klutsen"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "kirna"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "kirnuta"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "baratter"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "anazar"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "bater"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "petar"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "mazar"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "durchschütteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "aufwühlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "köpül"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "strokka"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "kirnuta"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "maistrigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "frullare"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "sbattere"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "ribollire"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "spumeggiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "bsh",
"lang": "Kamkata-vari",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"Kamviri"
],
"word": "matë́-"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "pīkari"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "pêtri"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "burzyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zburzyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ubijać"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubić"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "agitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "bater"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "ru",
"english": "creamy substance",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzbivátʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "взбива́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzbitʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "взбить"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "ru",
"english": "liquid",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzbáltyvatʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "взба́лтывать"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzboltátʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "взболта́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "ru",
"english": "butter",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbivátʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сбива́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbitʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сбить"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "tĺcť"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "stĺkať"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "es",
"english": "butter",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "batir"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "es",
"english": "water",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "agitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "kärna"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "ciluku",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "చిలుకు"
},
{
"_dis1": "45 4 18 1 10 11 11",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "corddi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall: The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Times",
"text": "The slope of the terrain, shaped like a funnel, squeezed the growing swell of churning snow into a steep, twisting gorge.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce excessive and sometimes undesirable or unproductive activity or motion."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-verb-6DancXe4",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"undesirable",
"undesirable"
],
[
"unproductive",
"unproductive"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To produce excessive and sometimes undesirable or unproductive activity or motion."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "翻騰"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fānténg",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "翻腾"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozvířit"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozčeřit"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "woelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "schudden"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "hämmentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "agiter"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "wusseln"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "rütteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "wühlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "brássō",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "βράσσω"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 47 9 2 11 12 11",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "metatʹsja",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "метаться"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I was so nervous that my stomach was churning.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move rapidly and repetitively with a rocking motion; to tumble, mix or shake."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-verb-1iYfKjku",
"links": [
[
"tumble",
"tumble"
],
[
"mix",
"mix"
],
[
"shake",
"shake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move rapidly and repetitively with a rocking motion; to tumble, mix or shake."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 5 59 2 10 10 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "woelen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 59 2 10 10 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "schudden"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 59 2 10 10 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "velloa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 59 2 10 10 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "agiter"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 59 2 10 10 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "durchschütteln"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 59 2 10 10 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "aufwühlen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 59 2 10 10 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "spumeggiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 59 2 10 10 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "frullare"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 5 59 2 10 10 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "ribollire"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To stop using a company's product or service."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-verb-5nlyUvSi",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a customer) To stop using a company's product or service."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a customer"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Aviation",
"orig": "en:Aviation",
"parents": [
"Aeronautics",
"Transport",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Travel",
"orig": "en:Travel",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Transport",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To repeatedly cancel and rebook a reservation in order to refresh ticket time limits or other fare rule restrictions."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-verb-KRkhbM48",
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"cancel",
"cancel"
],
[
"rebook",
"rebook"
],
[
"fare",
"fare"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, travel, aviation) To repeatedly cancel and rebook a reservation in order to refresh ticket time limits or other fare rule restrictions."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"lifestyle",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"tourism",
"transport",
"travel"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "en:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Travel",
"orig": "en:Travel",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Transport",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To continually sign up for new credit cards in order to earn signup bonuses, airline miles, and other benefits."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-verb-vOVokZZY",
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"credit card",
"credit card"
],
[
"airline mile",
"airline mile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, informal, finance, travel) To continually sign up for new credit cards in order to earn signup bonuses, airline miles, and other benefits."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance",
"lifestyle",
"tourism",
"transport",
"travel"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "en:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To carry out wash sales in order to make the market appear more active than it really is."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-verb-b94QRNql",
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"wash sale",
"wash sale"
],
[
"market",
"market"
],
[
"active",
"active"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(finance) To carry out wash sales in order to make the market appear more active than it really is."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-churn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-churn.ogg/En-us-churn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-churn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "chûrn"
}
],
"word": "churn"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "butter churn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "churn drill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "churn rate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "churn-staff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "milk churn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swing churn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chyrne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chyrne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cherne"
},
"expansion": "cherne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kyrne"
},
"expansion": "kyrne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kirn"
},
"expansion": "kirn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċyrn"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċyrn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċyrin"
},
"expansion": "ċyrin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċirin",
"3": "",
"4": "churn"
},
"expansion": "ċirin (“churn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kirnijǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "churn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chyrnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chyrnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċernan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċernan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kirnijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to churn, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjerne"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjerne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "karn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch karn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "serene"
},
"expansion": "Walloon serene",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Karn"
},
"expansion": "German Karn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kirne"
},
"expansion": "Kirne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kjerne"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål kjerne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kærne"
},
"expansion": "Danish kærne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kärna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kärna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kirna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Noun from Middle English chyrne, cherne, kyrne ( > Scots kirn), from Old English ċyrn, ċyrin, ċirin (“churn”), from Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”); verb from Middle English chyrnen from Old English ċernan, from Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”), of unknown origin. Cognate with West Frisian tsjerne, Dutch karn, Walloon serene, German Karn, Kirne, Norwegian Bokmål kjerne, Danish kærne, Swedish kärna, Icelandic kirna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "churns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "churn (countable and uncountable, plural churns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 9 7 8 6 12 7 4 4 4 4 4 9 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a butter churn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vessel used for churning, especially for producing butter."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-noun-IURf1ld-",
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"butter",
"butter"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "dybek"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "dylbek"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāḍa",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "مَخَاضَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xnocʿi",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "խնոցի"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "jjum",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ձձում"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "nehrə"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "butalka",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буталка"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"note": "for butter",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "manteguera"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"note": "for milk",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lletera"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "攪乳器"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎorǔqì",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "搅乳器"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "kjerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "botervat"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "karn"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "buterigilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "kirnu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baratte"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sadɣvebeli",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "სადღვებელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rührtrommel"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Butterfass"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "obsolete spelling",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Butterfaß"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Butterfertiger"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "Niidleblääjer"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "boutinélo",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μπουτινέλο"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dourváni",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δουρβάνι"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "נטישה"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kirna"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "kirnu"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cuinneog"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meadar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "zangola"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"alt": "かくにゆうき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kakuniyūki",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "撹乳器"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "sirsûm"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "xinûsî"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "meşk"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ķērne"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "karne"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "butin",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бутин"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bathette"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ribot"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kjerne"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċyrin"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċeren"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yayık",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "یایق"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nehre",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "نهره"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maselnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maślnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kierzanka"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "batedeira"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "putinei"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "maslobójka",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "маслобо́йка"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "es",
"english": "butter",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mantequera"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "es",
"english": "milk",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lechera"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kärna"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "yayık"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "udi",
"lang": "Udi",
"roman": "bujḳal",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "буйкӏал"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "udi",
"lang": "Udi",
"roman": "χnoc̣i",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "хноцӏи"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"note": "with a wooden leg",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serene"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"note": "with a crank",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toûnwere"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "wa",
"english": "any system",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourtea"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buddai"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 4 6 7 3 4 5",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tsjerne"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 17 4 13 6 5 1 5 4 4 0 12 12 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 24 3 13 6 4 1 4 3 3 2 14 12 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1951 October, “The Why and the Wherefore: Milk Platform at Beccles”, in Railway Magazine, page 717",
"text": "As the ends of the up and down platforms are not opposite each other, it is not possible to provide the ordinary type of barrow crossing, and the full churns were too heavy to be man-handled up and down the stairs of the footbridge.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1959 March, R. C. Riley, “Home with the milk”, in Trains Illustrated, page 155",
"text": "In the old days, milk trains consisted entirely of vans loaded with ten-gallon churns. When filled, these churns weigh 130 lb. each and their manipulation is an art. [...] Like the tank wagons, the churns are dairy property, but farmers often have other ideas, and find their own uses for them—it has not been unknown for dairy inspectors to find missing churns tucked away in an unsuspected corner of a farmhouse, filled to the brim with banknotes!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A milk churn (container for the transportation of milk)."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-noun-kSCI5KoY",
"links": [
[
"milk churn",
"milk churn"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Customer attrition; the phenomenon or rate of customers leaving a company."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-noun-paya2Yay",
"links": [
[
"attrition",
"attrition"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Telecommunications",
"orig": "en:Telecommunications",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The time when a consumer switches his/her service provider."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-noun-vkrVsesR",
"links": [
[
"telecommunications",
"telecommunications"
],
[
"consumer",
"consumer"
],
[
"switch",
"switch"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"provider",
"provider"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(telecommunications) The time when a consumer switches his/her service provider."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"electrical-engineering",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"telecommunications"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 13 11 59 5 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "time when customer switches provider",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "overstap"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 13 11 59 5 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "time when customer switches provider",
"word": "liittymän vaihto"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 13 11 59 5 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ottók abonentov",
"sense": "time when customer switches provider",
"word": "отто́к абонентов"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Telecommunications",
"orig": "en:Telecommunications",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mass of people who are ready to switch carriers."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-noun-p-wFLk1U",
"links": [
[
"telecommunications",
"telecommunications"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"carrier",
"carrier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(telecommunications) The mass of people who are ready to switch carriers."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"electrical-engineering",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"telecommunications"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 10 5 12 61 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "people ready to switch carrier",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "overstapkandidaten"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 9 7 8 6 12 7 4 4 4 4 4 9 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Hari Kunzru, My Revolutions, page 102",
"text": "I wished my brain would shut up and knew that soon I'd have to start tidying, but first I needed to rest, so I tried to quell the pointless churn behind my eyes and kept on trying (in a minute) until Vicky came back home.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 April 18, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea Champions League exit: Where do 'disjointed, broken' Blues go from here?”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Getting the right manager has just been made more difficult by not having Champions League to offer. There will also be a huge churn of players after the lavish, unrewarding outlay this season.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cyclic activity that achieves nothing."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-noun-ldM37Lnm",
"links": [
[
"Cyclic",
"cyclic"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The last grain cut at harvest; kern."
],
"id": "en-churn-en-noun-tPiBBLxf",
"links": [
[
"kern",
"kern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) The last grain cut at harvest; kern."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-churn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-churn.ogg/En-us-churn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-churn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "chûrn"
}
],
"word": "churn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "churn and burn"
},
{
"word": "churn out"
},
{
"word": "churn up"
},
{
"word": "stomach-churning"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chyrne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chyrne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cherne"
},
"expansion": "cherne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kyrne"
},
"expansion": "kyrne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kirn"
},
"expansion": "kirn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċyrn"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċyrn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċyrin"
},
"expansion": "ċyrin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċirin",
"3": "",
"4": "churn"
},
"expansion": "ċirin (“churn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kirnijǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "churn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chyrnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chyrnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċernan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċernan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kirnijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to churn, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjerne"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjerne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "karn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch karn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "serene"
},
"expansion": "Walloon serene",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Karn"
},
"expansion": "German Karn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kirne"
},
"expansion": "Kirne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kjerne"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål kjerne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kærne"
},
"expansion": "Danish kærne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kärna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kärna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kirna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Noun from Middle English chyrne, cherne, kyrne ( > Scots kirn), from Old English ċyrn, ċyrin, ċirin (“churn”), from Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”); verb from Middle English chyrnen from Old English ċernan, from Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”), of unknown origin. Cognate with West Frisian tsjerne, Dutch karn, Walloon serene, German Karn, Kirne, Norwegian Bokmål kjerne, Danish kærne, Swedish kärna, Icelandic kirna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "churns",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "churning",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "churned",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "churned",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "churn (third-person singular simple present churns, present participle churning, simple past and past participle churned)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Now the cream is churned to make butter.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "no-churn ice cream",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1717, Joseph Addison, Metamorphoses",
"text": "Churned in his teeth, the foamy venom rose.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream."
],
"links": [
[
"agitate",
"agitate"
],
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"repetitive",
"repetitive"
],
[
"stir",
"stir"
],
[
"row",
"row"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
],
[
"cream",
"cream"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2012, John Branch, “Snow Fall: The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek”, in New York Times",
"text": "The slope of the terrain, shaped like a funnel, squeezed the growing swell of churning snow into a steep, twisting gorge.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To produce excessive and sometimes undesirable or unproductive activity or motion."
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"undesirable",
"undesirable"
],
[
"unproductive",
"unproductive"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To produce excessive and sometimes undesirable or unproductive activity or motion."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I was so nervous that my stomach was churning.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To move rapidly and repetitively with a rocking motion; to tumble, mix or shake."
],
"links": [
[
"tumble",
"tumble"
],
[
"mix",
"mix"
],
[
"shake",
"shake"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To move rapidly and repetitively with a rocking motion; to tumble, mix or shake."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To stop using a company's product or service."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a customer) To stop using a company's product or service."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a customer"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"en:Aviation",
"en:Travel"
],
"glosses": [
"To repeatedly cancel and rebook a reservation in order to refresh ticket time limits or other fare rule restrictions."
],
"links": [
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"aviation",
"aviation"
],
[
"cancel",
"cancel"
],
[
"rebook",
"rebook"
],
[
"fare",
"fare"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, travel, aviation) To repeatedly cancel and rebook a reservation in order to refresh ticket time limits or other fare rule restrictions."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"aeronautics",
"aerospace",
"aviation",
"business",
"engineering",
"lifestyle",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"tourism",
"transport",
"travel"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English informal terms",
"en:Finance",
"en:Travel"
],
"glosses": [
"To continually sign up for new credit cards in order to earn signup bonuses, airline miles, and other benefits."
],
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"travel",
"travel"
],
[
"credit card",
"credit card"
],
[
"airline mile",
"airline mile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, informal, finance, travel) To continually sign up for new credit cards in order to earn signup bonuses, airline miles, and other benefits."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance",
"lifestyle",
"tourism",
"transport",
"travel"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Finance"
],
"glosses": [
"To carry out wash sales in order to make the market appear more active than it really is."
],
"links": [
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"wash sale",
"wash sale"
],
[
"market",
"market"
],
[
"active",
"active"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(finance) To carry out wash sales in order to make the market appear more active than it really is."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-churn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-churn.ogg/En-us-churn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-churn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "chûrn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razbǎrkvam",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "разбърквам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "攪"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎo",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "搅"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "stloukat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "stlouci"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"english": "butter",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "karnen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"english": "fluid",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "agiteren"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "klutsen"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "kirna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "kirnuta"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "baratter"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "anazar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "bater"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "petar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "mazar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "durchschütteln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "aufwühlen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "köpül"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "strokka"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "kirnuta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "maistrigh"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "frullare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "sbattere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "ribollire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "spumeggiare"
},
{
"code": "bsh",
"lang": "Kamkata-vari",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"Kamviri"
],
"word": "matë́-"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "pīkari"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "pêtri"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "burzyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zburzyć"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ubijać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ubić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "agitar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "bater"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "creamy substance",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzbivátʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "взбива́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzbitʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "взбить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "liquid",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzbáltyvatʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "взба́лтывать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vzboltátʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "взболта́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "butter",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbivátʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сбива́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sbitʹ",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сбить"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "tĺcť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "stĺkať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "butter",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "batir"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "water",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "agitar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "kärna"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "ciluku",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "చిలుకు"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "agitate rapidly",
"word": "corddi"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "翻騰"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fānténg",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "翻腾"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozvířit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "rozčeřit"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "woelen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "schudden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "hämmentää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "agiter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "wusseln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "rütteln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "wühlen"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "brássō",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"word": "βράσσω"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "metatʹsja",
"sense": "figuratively: produce excessive motion",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "метаться"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "woelen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "schudden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "velloa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "agiter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "durchschütteln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "aufwühlen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "spumeggiare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "frullare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tumble",
"word": "ribollire"
}
],
"word": "churn"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)n/1 syllable",
"en:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "butter churn"
},
{
"word": "churn drill"
},
{
"word": "churn rate"
},
{
"word": "churn-staff"
},
{
"word": "milk churn"
},
{
"word": "swing churn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chyrne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chyrne",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cherne"
},
"expansion": "cherne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "kyrne"
},
"expansion": "kyrne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kirn"
},
"expansion": "kirn",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċyrn"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċyrn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċyrin"
},
"expansion": "ċyrin",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċirin",
"3": "",
"4": "churn"
},
"expansion": "ċirin (“churn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kirnijǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "churn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "chyrnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chyrnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "ċernan"
},
"expansion": "Old English ċernan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kirnijaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to churn, stir"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "tsjerne"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian tsjerne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "karn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch karn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "serene"
},
"expansion": "Walloon serene",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Karn"
},
"expansion": "German Karn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kirne"
},
"expansion": "Kirne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kjerne"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål kjerne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kærne"
},
"expansion": "Danish kærne",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kärna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish kärna",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kirna"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic kirna",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Noun from Middle English chyrne, cherne, kyrne ( > Scots kirn), from Old English ċyrn, ċyrin, ċirin (“churn”), from Proto-Germanic *kirnijǭ (“churn”); verb from Middle English chyrnen from Old English ċernan, from Proto-Germanic *kirnijaną (“to churn, stir”), of unknown origin. Cognate with West Frisian tsjerne, Dutch karn, Walloon serene, German Karn, Kirne, Norwegian Bokmål kjerne, Danish kærne, Swedish kärna, Icelandic kirna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "churns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "churn (countable and uncountable, plural churns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a butter churn",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vessel used for churning, especially for producing butter."
],
"links": [
[
"vessel",
"vessel"
],
[
"butter",
"butter"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1951 October, “The Why and the Wherefore: Milk Platform at Beccles”, in Railway Magazine, page 717",
"text": "As the ends of the up and down platforms are not opposite each other, it is not possible to provide the ordinary type of barrow crossing, and the full churns were too heavy to be man-handled up and down the stairs of the footbridge.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1959 March, R. C. Riley, “Home with the milk”, in Trains Illustrated, page 155",
"text": "In the old days, milk trains consisted entirely of vans loaded with ten-gallon churns. When filled, these churns weigh 130 lb. each and their manipulation is an art. [...] Like the tank wagons, the churns are dairy property, but farmers often have other ideas, and find their own uses for them—it has not been unknown for dairy inspectors to find missing churns tucked away in an unsuspected corner of a farmhouse, filled to the brim with banknotes!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A milk churn (container for the transportation of milk)."
],
"links": [
[
"milk churn",
"milk churn"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Customer attrition; the phenomenon or rate of customers leaving a company."
],
"links": [
[
"attrition",
"attrition"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Telecommunications"
],
"glosses": [
"The time when a consumer switches his/her service provider."
],
"links": [
[
"telecommunications",
"telecommunications"
],
[
"consumer",
"consumer"
],
[
"switch",
"switch"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"provider",
"provider"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(telecommunications) The time when a consumer switches his/her service provider."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"electrical-engineering",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"telecommunications"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Telecommunications"
],
"glosses": [
"The mass of people who are ready to switch carriers."
],
"links": [
[
"telecommunications",
"telecommunications"
],
[
"mass",
"mass"
],
[
"carrier",
"carrier"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(telecommunications) The mass of people who are ready to switch carriers."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"communications",
"electrical-engineering",
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"telecommunications"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2007, Hari Kunzru, My Revolutions, page 102",
"text": "I wished my brain would shut up and knew that soon I'd have to start tidying, but first I needed to rest, so I tried to quell the pointless churn behind my eyes and kept on trying (in a minute) until Vicky came back home.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 April 18, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea Champions League exit: Where do 'disjointed, broken' Blues go from here?”, in BBC Sport",
"text": "Getting the right manager has just been made more difficult by not having Champions League to offer. There will also be a huge churn of players after the lavish, unrewarding outlay this season.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Cyclic activity that achieves nothing."
],
"links": [
[
"Cyclic",
"cyclic"
],
[
"activity",
"activity"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The last grain cut at harvest; kern."
],
"links": [
[
"kern",
"kern"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) The last grain cut at harvest; kern."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃɜːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɝn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)n"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-churn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/En-us-churn.ogg/En-us-churn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/En-us-churn.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "chûrn"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "dybek"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "dylbek"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "maḵāḍa",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "مَخَاضَة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xnocʿi",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "խնոցի"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "jjum",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "ձձում"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "nehrə"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "butalka",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буталка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"note": "for butter",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "manteguera"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"note": "for milk",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lletera"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "攪乳器"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎorǔqì",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "搅乳器"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "kjerne"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "botervat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "karn"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "buterigilo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "kirnu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "baratte"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sadɣvebeli",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "სადღვებელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rührtrommel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Butterfass"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"note": "obsolete spelling",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Butterfaß"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Butterfertiger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kerne"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "Niidleblääjer"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "boutinélo",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μπουτινέλο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dourváni",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δουρβάνι"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "נטישה"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kirna"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "kirnu"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cuinneog"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meadar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "zangola"
},
{
"alt": "かくにゆうき",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kakuniyūki",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "撹乳器"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "sirsûm"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "xinûsî"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "meşk"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ķērne"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "karne"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "butin",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бутин"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bathette"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ribot"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kjerne"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċyrin"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċeren"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "yayık",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "یایق"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "nehre",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "نهره"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maselnica"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maślnica"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kierzanka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "batedeira"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "putinei"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "maslobójka",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "маслобо́йка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "butter",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mantequera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"english": "milk",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lechera"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kärna"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "yayık"
},
{
"code": "udi",
"lang": "Udi",
"roman": "bujḳal",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "буйкӏал"
},
{
"code": "udi",
"lang": "Udi",
"roman": "χnoc̣i",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"word": "хноцӏи"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"note": "with a wooden leg",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serene"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"note": "with a crank",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "toûnwere"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"english": "any system",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourtea"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buddai"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "vessel for churning",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tsjerne"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "time when customer switches provider",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "overstap"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "time when customer switches provider",
"word": "liittymän vaihto"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ottók abonentov",
"sense": "time when customer switches provider",
"word": "отто́к абонентов"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "people ready to switch carrier",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "overstapkandidaten"
}
],
"word": "churn"
}
{
"called_from": "translations/369",
"msg": "unrecognized prefix (language name?) in translation item: Kata-vari: mëté-",
"path": [
"churn"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "churn",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.