See calque in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
},
"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
},
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"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (plural calques)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"hyphenations": [
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"parts": [
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}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"_dis": "70 30",
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"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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"_dis": "70 30",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
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"_dis": "71 29",
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"_dis": "70 30",
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"_dis": "70 30",
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{
"_dis": "73 27",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "71 29",
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"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "71 29",
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"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
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"_dis": "71 29",
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"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
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"_dis": "70 30",
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"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "64 36",
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],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"english": "a term that is partially a calque and partially formally contains a foreign element",
"translation": "a term that is partially a calque and partially formally contains a foreign element",
"word": "partial calque, loanblend"
},
{
"word": "Hobson-Jobson"
},
{
"word": "loanword"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "semantic calque"
},
{
"word": "semi-calque"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
151,
157
]
],
"ref": "2005 March 27, William Safire, “Kifaya!”, in The New York Times Magazine, archived from the original on 14 Mar 2021:",
"text": "David S. Powers, professor of Islamic history and law at Cornell, says he thinks that the word as used today is in the nature of what linguists call a calque, a borrowing from another language in literal translation […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
60
],
[
146,
153
]
],
"ref": "2023 July 26, Patricia Mazzei, “‘Get Down’ From the Car. ‘Make’ the Line. Is Miami English a Dialect?”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 31 Jul 2023:",
"text": "Those phrases, translated from Spanish, are known as calques. […] The three young Miamians in the video also use “super” as an adverb, one of the calques from Spanish mentioned in Dr. Carter’s research. (“Ay, I’m super bloated.”)",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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37
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],
"ref": "2024 June 7, Soumaya Amine Al Salti, “Calque Examples in Translating: Impacts on Linguistic Diversity”, in Soumaya Salti, archived from the original on 21 Mar 2025:",
"text": "One of the primary benefits of calque is its ability to enhance cross-cultural communication.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "loan formation"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "partial calque"
}
],
"id": "en-calque-en-noun-mS9qfxdE",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"word-for-word",
"word-for-word"
],
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "metaphrase"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loan translation"
},
{
"word": "calquing"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "tarjama iqtirāḍiyya",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَرْجَمَة اِقْتِرَاضِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "baṙapatčen",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "բառապատճեն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalka"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "hərfi tərcümə"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drevezadenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kálka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯 /借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯 /借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "fǎngzàocí",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造詞 /仿造词"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversættelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "paŭso"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tradukprunto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalkeo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umsetingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "týðingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tøkutýðing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ḳalḳi",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "კალკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lehnübersetzung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "metafrastikó dáneio",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μεταφραστικό δάνειο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ektýpoma",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εκτύπωμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörfordítás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörszó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tökuþýðing"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "pinjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lomaistriúchán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"alt": "ほんやくしゃくよう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hon'yaku shakuyō",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "翻訳借用"
},
{
"alt": "翻譯借用",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "beonyeokchayong",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "번역차용"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalks"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "prevedenica",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преведеница"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "kalka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калка"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettingslån"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omsetjingslån"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "gerte-bardâri",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "گرتهبرداری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kalka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque linguístico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̏лк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȁlk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "översättningslån"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "แคลเก้"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "öyküntü"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfieithiad benthyg"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "kalke",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קאַלקע"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
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"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
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{
"args": {
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "calquing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
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{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"past"
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}
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"args": {},
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"parts": [
"calque"
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{
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"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
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"text": "Terms like \"cloud computing\" have been calqued into multiple languages, making it easier for global audiences to grasp complex technological concepts. […] For example, translating Shakespeare's works into other languages often involves calquing phrases to maintain the rhythm and metaphorical richness of the original.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-calque-en-verb-JvqsiFMf",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
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[
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"adopt"
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[
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"semantic"
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies, transitive) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
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"linguistics",
"sciences",
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{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "baṙapatčenel",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "բառապատճենել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kalkíram",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "калки́рам"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯 /借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯 /借译"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "omaksua käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calquer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "lehnübersetzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "tükörfordítással alkot"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "meminjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "kalkíra",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калки́ра"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "decalcar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kalʹkirovatʹ",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калькировать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "калки́рати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kalkírati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calcar"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "kalkirn",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "קאַלקירן"
}
]
}
],
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"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ælk",
"Rhymes:English/ælk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "Hobson-Jobson"
},
{
"word": "loanword"
}
],
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{
"word": "semantic calque"
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{
"word": "semi-calque"
}
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (plural calques)",
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"word": "partial calque"
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "metaphrase"
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],
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"translation": "a term that is partially a calque and partially formally contains a foreign element",
"word": "partial calque, loanblend"
}
],
"examples": [
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"ref": "2005 March 27, William Safire, “Kifaya!”, in The New York Times Magazine, archived from the original on 14 Mar 2021:",
"text": "David S. Powers, professor of Islamic history and law at Cornell, says he thinks that the word as used today is in the nature of what linguists call a calque, a borrowing from another language in literal translation […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
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"ref": "2023 July 26, Patricia Mazzei, “‘Get Down’ From the Car. ‘Make’ the Line. Is Miami English a Dialect?”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 31 Jul 2023:",
"text": "Those phrases, translated from Spanish, are known as calques. […] The three young Miamians in the video also use “super” as an adverb, one of the calques from Spanish mentioned in Dr. Carter’s research. (“Ay, I’m super bloated.”)",
"type": "quote"
},
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"ref": "2024 June 7, Soumaya Amine Al Salti, “Calque Examples in Translating: Impacts on Linguistic Diversity”, in Soumaya Salti, archived from the original on 21 Mar 2025:",
"text": "One of the primary benefits of calque is its ability to enhance cross-cultural communication.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "loan formation"
}
],
"links": [
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[
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[
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],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "loan translation"
},
{
"word": "calquing"
}
],
"topics": [
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"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
]
}
],
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},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "tarjama iqtirāḍiyya",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَرْجَمَة اِقْتِرَاضِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "baṙapatčen",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "բառապատճեն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalka"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "hərfi tərcümə"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drevezadenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kálka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯 /借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯 /借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "fǎngzàocí",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造詞 /仿造词"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversættelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "paŭso"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tradukprunto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalkeo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umsetingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "týðingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tøkutýðing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ḳalḳi",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "კალკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lehnübersetzung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "metafrastikó dáneio",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μεταφραστικό δάνειο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ektýpoma",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εκτύπωμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörfordítás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörszó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tökuþýðing"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "pinjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lomaistriúchán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"alt": "ほんやくしゃくよう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "hon'yaku shakuyō",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "翻訳借用"
},
{
"alt": "翻譯借用",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "beonyeokchayong",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "번역차용"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalks"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "prevedenica",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преведеница"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "kalka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калка"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettingslån"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omsetjingslån"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "gerte-bardâri",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "گرتهبرداری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kalka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque linguístico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̏лк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȁlk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "översättningslån"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "แคลเก้"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "öyküntü"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfieithiad benthyg"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "kalke",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קאַלקע"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ælk",
"Rhymes:English/ælk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
},
"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calk",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calquing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (third-person singular simple present calques, present participle calquing, simple past and past participle calqued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"calque"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Translation studies"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
46
],
[
236,
244
]
],
"ref": "2024 June 7, Soumaya Amine Al Salti, “Calque Examples in Translating: Impacts on Linguistic Diversity”, in Soumaya Salti, archived from the original on 21 Mar 2025:",
"text": "Terms like \"cloud computing\" have been calqued into multiple languages, making it easier for global audiences to grasp complex technological concepts. […] For example, translating Shakespeare's works into other languages often involves calquing phrases to maintain the rhythm and metaphorical richness of the original.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"semantic",
"semantic"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies, transitive) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "baṙapatčenel",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "բառապատճենել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "kalkíram",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "калки́рам"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯 /借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯 /借译"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "omaksua käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calquer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "lehnübersetzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "tükörfordítással alkot"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "meminjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "kalkíra",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калки́ра"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "decalcar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kalʹkirovatʹ",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калькировать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "калки́рати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kalkírati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calcar"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "kalkirn",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "קאַלקירן"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
Download raw JSONL data for calque meaning in English (25.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.