See calque in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ка́лка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calc",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: calque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: calque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "კალკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kalks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kalks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kalks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "калка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kalka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kalka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kalka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "calc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: calc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: calc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̏лк",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "kȁlk"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קאַלקע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from calquer",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "calque m (plural calques)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tracing (the reproduction of an image made by copying it through translucent paper)"
],
"id": "en-calque-fr-noun-CmWm37T3",
"links": [
[
"tracing",
"tracing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Lexicography",
"orig": "fr:Lexicography",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 1 16 3 14 3 14 3 14 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 1 19 3 16 2 16 2 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 79 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 70 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"calque, loan translation"
],
"id": "en-calque-fr-noun-hhj3TUhr",
"links": [
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#English"
],
[
"loan translation",
"loan translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(lexicography) calque, loan translation"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Computer graphics",
"orig": "fr:Computer graphics",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"layer"
],
"id": "en-calque-fr-noun-2sHXz6lQ",
"links": [
[
"computer graphics",
"computer graphics"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computer graphics) layer"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computer-graphics",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-calque.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French deverbals",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Italian",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ка́лка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calc",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: calque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: calque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "კალკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kalks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kalks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kalks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "калка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kalka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kalka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kalka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "calc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: calc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: calc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̏лк",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "kȁlk"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קאַלקע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from calquer",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "calque m (plural calques)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tracing (the reproduction of an image made by copying it through translucent paper)"
],
"links": [
[
"tracing",
"tracing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Lexicography"
],
"glosses": [
"calque, loan translation"
],
"links": [
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#English"
],
[
"loan translation",
"loan translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(lexicography) calque, loan translation"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Computer graphics"
],
"glosses": [
"layer"
],
"links": [
[
"computer graphics",
"computer graphics"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computer graphics) layer"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computer-graphics",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-calque.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
Download raw JSONL data for calque meaning in French (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.