See calque on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for calque meaning in All languages combined (29.3kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
},
"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer",
"3": "",
"4": "to copy, trace"
},
"expansion": "calquer (“to copy, trace”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calk",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (plural calques)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"calque"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Translation studies",
"orig": "en:Translation studies",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "Hobson-Jobson"
},
{
"word": "loanword"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "semantic calque"
},
{
"word": "semi-calque"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "partial calque"
}
],
"id": "en-calque-en-noun-mS9qfxdE",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"word-for-word",
"word-for-word"
],
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "metaphrase"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loan translation"
},
{
"word": "calquing"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tarjama iqtirāḍiyya",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَرْجَمَة اِقْتِرَاضِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙapatčen",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "բառապատճեն"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drevezadenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kálka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎngzàocí",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造词"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversættelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "paŭso"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tradukprunto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalkeo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umsetingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "týðingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tøkutýðing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳalḳi",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "კალკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lehnübersetzung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metafrastikó dáneio",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μεταφραστικό δάνειο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ektýpoma",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εκτύπωμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörfordítás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörszó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tökuþýðing"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "pinjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lomaistriúchán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"alt": "ほんやくしゃくよう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hon'yaku shakuyō",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "翻訳借用"
},
{
"alt": "翻譯借用",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beonyeokchayong",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "번역차용"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalks"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prevedenica",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преведеница"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kalka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калка"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettingslån"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omsetjingslån"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gerte-bardâri",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "گرتهبرداری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kalka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque linguístico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̏лк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȁlk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "översättningslån"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "แคลเก้"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "öyküntü"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfieithiad benthyg"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kalke",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קאַלקע"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
},
"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer",
"3": "",
"4": "to copy, trace"
},
"expansion": "calquer (“to copy, trace”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calk",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calquing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (third-person singular simple present calques, present participle calquing, simple past and past participle calqued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"calque"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Translation studies",
"orig": "en:Translation studies",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"id": "en-calque-en-verb-JvqsiFMf",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"semantic",
"semantic"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies, transitive) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙapatčenel",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "բառապատճենել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalkíram",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "калки́рам"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "omaksua käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calquer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "lehnübersetzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "tükörfordítással alkot"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "meminjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kalkíra",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калки́ра"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "decalcar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kalʹkirovatʹ",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калькировать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "калки́рати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kalkírati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calcar"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kalkirn",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "קאַלקירן"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive of calcar"
],
"id": "en-calque-ast-verb-W~ZmXMh7",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Asturian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ка́лка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calc",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: calque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: calque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "კალკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kalks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kalks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kalks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "калка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kalka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kalka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kalka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "calc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: calc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: calc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȁlk"
},
"expansion": "kȁlk",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̏лк",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "kȁlk"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קאַלקע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from calquer",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "calque m (plural calques)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tracing (the reproduction of an image made by copying it through translucent paper)"
],
"id": "en-calque-fr-noun-CmWm37T3",
"links": [
[
"tracing",
"tracing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Lexicography",
"orig": "fr:Lexicography",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 74 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 69 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"calque, loan translation"
],
"id": "en-calque-fr-noun-hhj3TUhr",
"links": [
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#English"
],
[
"loan translation",
"loan translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(lexicography) calque, loan translation"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Computer graphics",
"orig": "fr:Computer graphics",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"layer"
],
"id": "en-calque-fr-noun-2sHXz6lQ",
"links": [
[
"computer graphics",
"computer graphics"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computer graphics) layer"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computer-graphics",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-calque.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-calque-gl-verb-dphS4G8b",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-calque-gl-verb-0R3QQ4pw",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cal‧que"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-calque-pt-verb-dphS4G8b",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-calque-pt-verb-0R3QQ4pw",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ki/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ki]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ki/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ki]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ke/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ke]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal.kɨ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɫ.kɨ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alkɨ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-awki"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-calque-es-verb-dphS4G8b",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-calque-es-verb-0R3QQ4pw",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"Asturian non-lemma forms",
"Asturian verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive of calcar"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Asturian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ælk"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "Hobson-Jobson"
},
{
"word": "loanword"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "semantic calque"
},
{
"word": "semi-calque"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
},
"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer",
"3": "",
"4": "to copy, trace"
},
"expansion": "calquer (“to copy, trace”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calk",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (plural calques)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"calque"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "partial calque"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "metaphrase"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Translation studies"
],
"glosses": [
"A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"word-for-word",
"word-for-word"
],
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loan translation"
},
{
"word": "calquing"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tarjama iqtirāḍiyya",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَرْجَمَة اِقْتِرَاضِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙapatčen",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "բառապատճեն"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drevezadenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kálka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎngzàocí",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造词"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversættelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "paŭso"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tradukprunto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalkeo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umsetingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "týðingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tøkutýðing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳalḳi",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "კალკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lehnübersetzung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metafrastikó dáneio",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μεταφραστικό δάνειο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ektýpoma",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εκτύπωμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörfordítás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörszó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tökuþýðing"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "pinjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lomaistriúchán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"alt": "ほんやくしゃくよう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hon'yaku shakuyō",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "翻訳借用"
},
{
"alt": "翻譯借用",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beonyeokchayong",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "번역차용"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalks"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prevedenica",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преведеница"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kalka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калка"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettingslån"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omsetjingslån"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gerte-bardâri",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "گرتهبرداری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kalka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque linguístico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̏лк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȁlk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "översättningslån"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "แคลเก้"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "öyküntü"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfieithiad benthyg"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kalke",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קאַלקע"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ælk"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
},
"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer",
"3": "",
"4": "to copy, trace"
},
"expansion": "calquer (“to copy, trace”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calk",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calquing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (third-person singular simple present calques, present participle calquing, simple past and past participle calqued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"calque"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Translation studies"
],
"glosses": [
"To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"semantic",
"semantic"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies, transitive) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙapatčenel",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "բառապատճենել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalkíram",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "калки́рам"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "omaksua käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calquer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "lehnübersetzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "tükörfordítással alkot"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "meminjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kalkíra",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калки́ра"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "decalcar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kalʹkirovatʹ",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калькировать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "калки́рати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kalkírati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calcar"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kalkirn",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "קאַלקירן"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French deverbals",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Italian",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ка́лка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calc",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: calque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: calque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "კალკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kalks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kalks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kalks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "калка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kalka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kalka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kalka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "calc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: calc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: calc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "kȁlk"
},
"expansion": "kȁlk",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̏лк",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "kȁlk"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קאַלקע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from calquer",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "calque m (plural calques)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tracing (the reproduction of an image made by copying it through translucent paper)"
],
"links": [
[
"tracing",
"tracing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Lexicography"
],
"glosses": [
"calque, loan translation"
],
"links": [
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#English"
],
[
"loan translation",
"loan translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(lexicography) calque, loan translation"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Computer graphics"
],
"glosses": [
"layer"
],
"links": [
[
"computer graphics",
"computer graphics"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computer graphics) layer"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computer-graphics",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-calque.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/alkɨ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/alkɨ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/awki",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/awki/2 syllables"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cal‧que"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ki/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ki]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ki/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ki]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ke/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ke]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal.kɨ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɫ.kɨ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alkɨ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-awki"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.