See calque on Wiktionary
{
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"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
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"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
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{
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"3": "calcare"
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"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
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"form": "calques",
"tags": [
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}
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"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "Hobson-Jobson"
},
{
"word": "loanword"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "semantic calque"
},
{
"word": "semi-calque"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005 March 27, William Safire, “Kifaya!”, in The New York Times Magazine:",
"text": "David S. Powers, professor of Islamic history and law at Cornell, says he thinks that the word as used today is in the nature of what linguists call a calque, a borrowing from another language in literal translation […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 July 26, Patricia Mazzei, “‘Get Down’ From the Car. ‘Make’ the Line. Is Miami English a Dialect?”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "Those phrases, translated from Spanish, are known as calques.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "partial calque"
}
],
"id": "en-calque-en-noun-mS9qfxdE",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"word-for-word",
"word-for-word"
],
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "metaphrase"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loan translation"
},
{
"word": "calquing"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tarjama iqtirāḍiyya",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَرْجَمَة اِقْتِرَاضِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙapatčen",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "բառապատճեն"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drevezadenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kálka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎngzàocí",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造词"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversættelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "paŭso"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tradukprunto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalkeo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umsetingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "týðingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tøkutýðing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳalḳi",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "კალკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lehnübersetzung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metafrastikó dáneio",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μεταφραστικό δάνειο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ektýpoma",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εκτύπωμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörfordítás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörszó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tökuþýðing"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "pinjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lomaistriúchán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"alt": "ほんやくしゃくよう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hon'yaku shakuyō",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "翻訳借用"
},
{
"alt": "翻譯借用",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beonyeokchayong",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "번역차용"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalks"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prevedenica",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преведеница"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kalka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калка"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettingslån"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omsetjingslån"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gerte-bardâri",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "گرتهبرداری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kalka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque linguístico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̏лк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȁlk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "översättningslån"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "แคลเก้"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "öyküntü"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfieithiad benthyg"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kalke",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קאַלקע"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
},
"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calk",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calquing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (third-person singular simple present calques, present participle calquing, simple past and past participle calqued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"calque"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Translation studies",
"orig": "en:Translation studies",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2024 July 6, Soumaya Amine Al Salti, “Calque Examples in Translating: Impacts on Linguistic Diversity”, in Soumaya Salti:",
"text": "Terms like \"cloud computing\" have been calqued into multiple languages, making it easier for global audiences to grasp complex technological concepts. […] For example, translating Shakespeare's works into other languages often involves calquing phrases to maintain the rhythm and metaphorical richness of the original.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"id": "en-calque-en-verb-JvqsiFMf",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"semantic",
"semantic"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies, transitive) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙapatčenel",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "բառապատճենել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalkíram",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "калки́рам"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "omaksua käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calquer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "lehnübersetzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "tükörfordítással alkot"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "meminjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kalkíra",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калки́ра"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "decalcar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kalʹkirovatʹ",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калькировать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "калки́рати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kalkírati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calcar"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kalkirn",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "קאַלקירן"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 1 16 4 14 2 14 2 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 1 19 3 16 1 16 1 16 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive of calcar"
],
"id": "en-calque-ast-verb-W~ZmXMh7",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Asturian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ка́лка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calc",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: calque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: calque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "კალკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kalks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kalks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kalks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "калка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kalka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kalka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kalka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "calc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: calc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: calc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̏лк",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "kȁlk"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קאַלקע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from calquer",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "calque m (plural calques)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tracing (the reproduction of an image made by copying it through translucent paper)"
],
"id": "en-calque-fr-noun-CmWm37T3",
"links": [
[
"tracing",
"tracing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Lexicography",
"orig": "fr:Lexicography",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 1 16 4 14 2 14 2 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 1 19 3 16 1 16 1 16 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 79 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 70 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"calque, loan translation"
],
"id": "en-calque-fr-noun-hhj3TUhr",
"links": [
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#English"
],
[
"loan translation",
"loan translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(lexicography) calque, loan translation"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Computer graphics",
"orig": "fr:Computer graphics",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"layer"
],
"id": "en-calque-fr-noun-2sHXz6lQ",
"links": [
[
"computer graphics",
"computer graphics"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computer graphics) layer"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computer-graphics",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-calque.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 1 16 4 14 2 14 2 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 1 19 3 16 1 16 1 16 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-calque-gl-verb-gJSBar8i",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-calque-gl-verb-WJwJCat7",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cal‧que"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 1 16 4 14 2 14 2 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 1 19 3 16 1 16 1 16 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-calque-pt-verb-gJSBar8i",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-calque-pt-verb-WJwJCat7",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ki/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ki]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ki/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ki]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ke/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ke]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal.kɨ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɫ.kɨ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alkɨ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-awki"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 1 16 4 14 2 14 2 14 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 2 1 19 3 16 1 16 1 16 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-calque-es-verb-gJSBar8i",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-calque-es-verb-WJwJCat7",
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"Asturian non-lemma forms",
"Asturian verb forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive of calcar"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Asturian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ælk",
"Rhymes:English/ælk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "Hobson-Jobson"
},
{
"word": "loanword"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "semantic calque"
},
{
"word": "semi-calque"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
},
"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calk",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (plural calques)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"calque"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "partial calque"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "metaphrase"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Translation studies"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2005 March 27, William Safire, “Kifaya!”, in The New York Times Magazine:",
"text": "David S. Powers, professor of Islamic history and law at Cornell, says he thinks that the word as used today is in the nature of what linguists call a calque, a borrowing from another language in literal translation […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2023 July 26, Patricia Mazzei, “‘Get Down’ From the Car. ‘Make’ the Line. Is Miami English a Dialect?”, in The New York Times:",
"text": "Those phrases, translated from Spanish, are known as calques.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"word-for-word",
"word-for-word"
],
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "loan translation"
},
{
"word": "calquing"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tarjama iqtirāḍiyya",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "تَرْجَمَة اِقْتِرَاضِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙapatčen",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "բառապատճեն"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drevezadenn"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kálka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎngzàocí",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "仿造词"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversættelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "leenvertaling"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "paŭso"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tradukprunto"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalkeo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "umsetingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "týðingarlán"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tøkutýðing"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calque"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳalḳi",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "კალკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Lehnübersetzung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metafrastikó dáneio",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μεταφραστικό δάνειο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ektýpoma",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "εκτύπωμα"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörfordítás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "tükörszó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tökuþýðing"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "pinjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lomaistriúchán"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"alt": "ほんやくしゃくよう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hon'yaku shakuyō",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "翻訳借用"
},
{
"alt": "翻譯借用",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "beonyeokchayong",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "번역차용"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalks"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "prevedenica",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "преведеница"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kalka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "калка"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettingslån"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oversettelseslån"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "omsetjingslån"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gerte-bardâri",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "گرتهبرداری"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kalka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "decalque linguístico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "calc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ка̏лк"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kȁlk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "översättningslån"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "แคลเก้"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"word": "öyküntü"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kálʹka",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ка́лька"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyfieithiad benthyg"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kalke",
"sense": "word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קאַלקע"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ælk",
"Rhymes:English/ælk/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "calque",
"4": "",
"5": "calque",
"lit": "copy, tracing"
},
"expansion": "French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calk#Etymology_2",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "calk",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calcate",
"3": "calcation"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calcate and calcation",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”). Doublet of calcate and calcation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "calquing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "calqued",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "calque (third-person singular simple present calques, present participle calquing, simple past and past participle calqued)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"calque"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Linguistics",
"en:Translation studies"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2024 July 6, Soumaya Amine Al Salti, “Calque Examples in Translating: Impacts on Linguistic Diversity”, in Soumaya Salti:",
"text": "Terms like \"cloud computing\" have been calqued into multiple languages, making it easier for global audiences to grasp complex technological concepts. […] For example, translating Shakespeare's works into other languages often involves calquing phrases to maintain the rhythm and metaphorical richness of the original.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"translation studies",
"translation studies"
],
[
"adopt",
"adopt"
],
[
"semantic",
"semantic"
],
[
"translation",
"translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics, translation studies, transitive) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences",
"translation-studies"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælk/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-calque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg/En-us-calque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/En-us-calque.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ælk"
},
{
"homophone": "calc"
},
{
"homophone": "calk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "baṙapatčenel",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "բառապատճենել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalkíram",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "калки́рам"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ jik⁶",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借譯"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyì",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "借译"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kalk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "omaksua käännöslaina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calquer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "lehnübersetzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "tükörfordítással alkot"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "meminjam terjemah"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kalkíra",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калки́ра"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "decalcar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kalʹkirovatʹ",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "калькировать"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "калки́рати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "kalkírati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "calcar"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "kalkirn",
"sense": "adopt a word by translation of its parts",
"word": "קאַלקירן"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French deverbals",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Italian",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ка́лка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "calc",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: calc (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: calque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: calque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "კალკი",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kalks",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kalks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kalks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "калка",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: калка (kalka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "kalka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: kalka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: kalka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "calc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: calc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: calc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ка̏лк",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "kȁlk"
},
"expansion": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovak: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovak: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "kalk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Slovene: kalk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Slovene: kalk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "calco",
"sml": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: calco (semantic loan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ка́лька",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "קאַלקע",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: קאַלקע (kalke)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "calquer"
},
"expansion": "Deverbal from calquer",
"name": "deverbal"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "calcare"
},
"expansion": "Italian calcare",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "calcō",
"4": "calcāre",
"t": "to tread"
},
"expansion": "Latin calcāre (“to tread”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Deverbal from calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "calque m (plural calques)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tracing (the reproduction of an image made by copying it through translucent paper)"
],
"links": [
[
"tracing",
"tracing"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Lexicography"
],
"glosses": [
"calque, loan translation"
],
"links": [
[
"lexicography",
"lexicography"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#English"
],
[
"loan translation",
"loan translation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(lexicography) calque, loan translation"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lexicography",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Computer graphics"
],
"glosses": [
"layer"
],
"links": [
[
"computer graphics",
"computer graphics"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computer graphics) layer"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"computer-graphics",
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kalk/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-calque.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-DSwissK-calque.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician verb forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Galician"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/alkɨ",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/alkɨ/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/awki",
"Rhymes:Portuguese/awki/2 syllables"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cal‧que"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ki/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ki]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ki/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ki]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkaw.ke/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaʊ̯.ke]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkal.kɨ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkaɫ.kɨ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-alkɨ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-awki"
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calque",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calcar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of calcar:",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"calcar",
"calcar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calque"
}
Download raw JSONL data for calque meaning in All languages combined (31.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.