See kalk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"calx",
"calx#Latin:_heel"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"calcāre",
"calco#Latin"
],
[
"calcare",
"calcare#Italian:_stomp"
],
[
"calquer",
"calquer#French"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#French"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:calque<t:a trace, copy><ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Machek, Václav (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1968), “kalk”, in <cite>Etymologický slovník jazyka českého</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language</cite>], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 236</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Rejzek, Jiří (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2007), “kalk”, in <cite>Český etymologický slovník</cite> (in Czech), Leda</span></span>\n>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin calx\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin calcāre\nItalian calcarebor.\nFrench calquerdeverb.\nFrench calquebor.\nCzech kalk\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"a trace, copy\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"deverb.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Deverbal from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"stomp\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"calcāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heel\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calx\", \"gloss\" : \"heel\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calcō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"calcare\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"calquer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"calque\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Czech\", \"term\" : \"kalk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cs\" }\" data-lang=\"cs\" data-title=\"kalk\">\nBorrowed from French calque (“a trace, copy”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin calx\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin calcāre\nItalian calcarebor.\nFrench calquerdeverb.\nFrench calquebor.\nCzech kalk\nBorrowed from French calque (“a trace, copy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalků",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalcích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kalk m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 19 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "cs",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "cs:Linguistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"calque"
],
"id": "en-kalk-cs-noun-l6o5qZLk",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"calque",
"calque"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) calque"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkalk]"
}
],
"word": "kalk"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"calx",
"calx#Latin:_heel"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"calcāre",
"calco#Latin"
],
[
"calcare",
"calcare#Italian:_stomp"
],
[
"calquer",
"calquer#French"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#French"
],
[
"calque",
"calque#French"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fr:calque<t:a trace, copy><ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Machek, Václav (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1968), “kalk”, in <cite>Etymologický slovník jazyka českého</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language</cite>], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 236</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Rejzek, Jiří (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2007), “kalk”, in <cite>Český etymologický slovník</cite> (in Czech), Leda</span></span>\n>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin calx\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin calcāre\nItalian calcarebor.\nFrench calquerdeverb.\nFrench calquebor.\nCzech kalk\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"a trace, copy\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"deverb.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Deverbal from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"stomp\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"calcāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"heel\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calx\", \"gloss\" : \"heel\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calcō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Italian\", \"term\" : \"calcare\", \"lang\" : \"it\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"calquer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"calque\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Czech\", \"term\" : \"kalk\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"cs\" }\" data-lang=\"cs\" data-title=\"kalk\">\nBorrowed from French calque (“a trace, copy”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin calx\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin calcāre\nItalian calcarebor.\nFrench calquerdeverb.\nFrench calquebor.\nCzech kalk\nBorrowed from French calque (“a trace, copy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalků",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalcích",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalkem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalky",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kalk m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with etymology texts",
"Czech entries with etymology trees",
"Czech entries with etymon",
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech inanimate nouns",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech masculine nouns",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech terms borrowed from French",
"Czech terms derived from French",
"Czech terms derived from Italian",
"Czech terms derived from Latin",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Czech terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Czech velar-stem masculine inanimate nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"cs:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"calque"
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"calque",
"calque"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) calque"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkalk]"
}
],
"word": "kalk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kalk meaning in Czech (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Czech dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.