See loanword on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Lehnwort",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "calque of German Lehnwort",
"name": "clq"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loan",
"3": "word"
},
"expansion": "loan + word",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lienwurd"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian lienwurd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "leenwoord"
},
"expansion": "Dutch leenwoord",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "låneord"
},
"expansion": "Danish låneord",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lånord"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lånord",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lánsorð"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lánsorð",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A calque of German Lehnwort, equivalent to loan + word. Compare West Frisian lienwurd, Dutch leenwoord, Danish låneord, Swedish lånord, Icelandic lánsorð.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loanwords",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "loanword (plural loanwords)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cantonese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cebuano translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Erzya translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khmer translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yoruba translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "calque"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The word “exit” is a loanword from Latin.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1921 [1919], H. L. Mencken, chapter 32, in The American Language, 2nd edition, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, →OCLC:",
"text": "New words, and particularly loanwords, are simplified, and hence naturalized in American much more quickly than in English. Employé has long since become employee in our newspapers, and asphalte has lost its final e, and manœuvre has become maneuver, and pyjamas has become pajamas.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, in World Englishes, volume 37, page 251:",
"text": "This searching was facilitated by the author's knowledge of the vagaries of Anglo-Indian spelling and the numerous colonial-era transliteration systems used for loanwords from Indian languages.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word directly taken into one language from another one with little or no adaptation."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "Hobson-Jobson"
}
],
"id": "en-loanword-en-noun-29AfMGww",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "calque"
},
{
"word": "foreignism"
},
{
"word": "loanblend"
},
{
"word": "loanshift"
},
{
"word": "loan translation"
},
{
"word": "partial calque"
},
{
"word": "semantic loan"
},
{
"word": "semi-calque"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "borrowing"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "foreign word"
},
{
"word": "gainword"
},
{
"word": "loan word"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "leenwoord"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "daḵīl",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دَخِيل"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lafẓ daḵīl",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لَفْظ دَخِيل"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻoxaṙutʻyun",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "փոխառություն"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zapazýčannje",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "запазы́чанне"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zapazýčanaje slóva",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "запазы́чанае сло́ва"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaémka",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "зае́мка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čuždíca",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чужди́ца"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manlleu"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "pulong hinulaman"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借詞"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ ci⁴",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借词"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外來語"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngoi⁶ loi⁴ jyu⁵",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外来语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外來語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wàiláiyǔ",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外来语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiècí",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借用語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyòngyǔ",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借用语"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "alınma söz"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "přejaté slovo"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "a loan that retains its native spelling",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fremmedord"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "låneord"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leenwoord"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "ušoval",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "ушовал"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "sajeź val",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "саезь вал"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "sajevks",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "саевкс"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "laensõna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "lainasana"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "emprunt"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estranxeirismo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lehnwort"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fremdwort"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dáneio",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δάνειο"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "oqaasersiaq"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "āgat śabd",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "आगत शब्द"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "jövevényszó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "átvétel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kölcsönzés"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tökuorð"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lánsorð"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kata serapan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "focal iasachta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "forestierismo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prestito linguistico"
},
{
"alt": "がいらいご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gairaigo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外来語"
},
{
"alt": "しゃくようご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shakuyōgo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借用語"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kırme söz",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "кірме сөз"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "piək kɑɑkɑmcəy",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "ពាក្យកម្ចី"
},
{
"alt": "外來語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "oeraeeo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "외래어"
},
{
"alt": "借用語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chayong'eo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "차용어"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "özdöştürüü",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "өздөштүрүү"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aizguvums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skolinys"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zaemka",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "заемка"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kata pinjaman"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kupu whakawhiti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kupu pōriro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kupu mino"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zeeldsen üg",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "зээлдсэн үг"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xarʹ üg",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "харь үг"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lånord"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fremmedord"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "importord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "låneord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lånord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "framandord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "importord"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "daxil",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "دَخیل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâm-vâže",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "وامواژه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâže-ye daxil",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "واژهٔ دَخیل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâže-ye 'âriyati",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "واژهٔ عاریَتی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zapożyczenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrangeirismo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empréstimo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cuvânt împrumutat"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "împrumut"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaímstvovanije",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "заи́мствование"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaímstvovannoje slóvo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "заи́мствованное сло́во"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "посуђѐница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "позајмљеница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "posuđènica"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pozajmljenica"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prevzaté slovo"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "izposojenka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "extranjerismo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "préstamo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lånord"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "låneord"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "främmande ord"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "salitang hiram"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "iqtibos",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "иқтибос"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kam-yʉʉm",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "คำยืม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "alıntı kelime"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "alıntı sözcük"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zapozýčennja",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "запози́чення"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "từ vay mượn"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "từ du nhập"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "từ mượn"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "từ ngoại lai"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "benthycair"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "benthyciad"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "ọ̀rọ̀-àyálò"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈloʊnˌwɝd/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈləʊnˌwɜː(ɹ)d/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-loanword.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-loanword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-loanword.wav.mp3",
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{
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}
],
"word": "loanword"
}
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "calque"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Lehnwort",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "calque of German Lehnwort",
"name": "clq"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loan",
"3": "word"
},
"expansion": "loan + word",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lienwurd"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian lienwurd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "leenwoord"
},
"expansion": "Dutch leenwoord",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "låneord"
},
"expansion": "Danish låneord",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lånord"
},
"expansion": "Swedish lånord",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lánsorð"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic lánsorð",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A calque of German Lehnwort, equivalent to loan + word. Compare West Frisian lienwurd, Dutch leenwoord, Danish låneord, Swedish lånord, Icelandic lánsorð.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loanwords",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "loanword (plural loanwords)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "Hobson-Jobson"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "calque"
},
{
"word": "foreignism"
},
{
"word": "loanblend"
},
{
"word": "loanshift"
},
{
"word": "loan translation"
},
{
"word": "partial calque"
},
{
"word": "semantic loan"
},
{
"word": "semi-calque"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese terms with redundant transliterations",
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms calqued from German",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Cebuano translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yoruba translations",
"en:Linguistics"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The word “exit” is a loanword from Latin.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1921 [1919], H. L. Mencken, chapter 32, in The American Language, 2nd edition, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, →OCLC:",
"text": "New words, and particularly loanwords, are simplified, and hence naturalized in American much more quickly than in English. Employé has long since become employee in our newspapers, and asphalte has lost its final e, and manœuvre has become maneuver, and pyjamas has become pajamas.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, James Lambert, “Anglo-Indian slang in dictionaries on historical principles”, in World Englishes, volume 37, page 251:",
"text": "This searching was facilitated by the author's knowledge of the vagaries of Anglo-Indian spelling and the numerous colonial-era transliteration systems used for loanwords from Indian languages.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A word directly taken into one language from another one with little or no adaptation."
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈloʊnˌwɝd/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈləʊnˌwɜː(ɹ)d/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-loanword.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-loanword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-loanword.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/be/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-loanword.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-loanword.wav.ogg"
},
{
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}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "borrowing"
},
{
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "foreign word"
},
{
"word": "gainword"
},
{
"word": "loan word"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "leenwoord"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "daḵīl",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دَخِيل"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lafẓ daḵīl",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لَفْظ دَخِيل"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "pʻoxaṙutʻyun",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "փոխառություն"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zapazýčannje",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "запазы́чанне"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zapazýčanaje slóva",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "запазы́чанае сло́ва"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zaémka",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "зае́мка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čuždíca",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чужди́ца"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manlleu"
},
{
"code": "ceb",
"lang": "Cebuano",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "pulong hinulaman"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借詞"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ze³ ci⁴",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借词"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外來語"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngoi⁶ loi⁴ jyu⁵",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外来语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外來語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wàiláiyǔ",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外来语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiècí",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借用語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jièyòngyǔ",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借用语"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "alınma söz"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "přejaté slovo"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"note": "a loan that retains its native spelling",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fremmedord"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "låneord"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leenwoord"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "ušoval",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "ушовал"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "sajeź val",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "саезь вал"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "sajevks",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "саевкс"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "laensõna"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "lainasana"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "emprunt"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estranxeirismo"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Lehnwort"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fremdwort"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dáneio",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δάνειο"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "oqaasersiaq"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "āgat śabd",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "आगत शब्द"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "jövevényszó"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "átvétel"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kölcsönzés"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "tökuorð"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lánsorð"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kata serapan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "focal iasachta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "forestierismo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prestito linguistico"
},
{
"alt": "がいらいご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gairaigo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "外来語"
},
{
"alt": "しゃくようご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "shakuyōgo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "借用語"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kırme söz",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "кірме сөз"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "piək kɑɑkɑmcəy",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "ពាក្យកម្ចី"
},
{
"alt": "外來語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "oeraeeo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "외래어"
},
{
"alt": "借用語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "chayong'eo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "차용어"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "özdöştürüü",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "өздөштүрүү"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aizguvums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "skolinys"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zaemka",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "заемка"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kata pinjaman"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kupu whakawhiti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kupu pōriro"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "kupu mino"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "zeeldsen üg",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "зээлдсэн үг"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xarʹ üg",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "харь үг"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lånord"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fremmedord"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "importord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "låneord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lånord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "framandord"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "importord"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "daxil",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "دَخیل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâm-vâže",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "وامواژه"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâže-ye daxil",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "واژهٔ دَخیل"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "vâže-ye 'âriyati",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "واژهٔ عاریَتی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zapożyczenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrangeirismo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "empréstimo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "cuvânt împrumutat"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "împrumut"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaímstvovanije",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "заи́мствование"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaímstvovannoje slóvo",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "заи́мствованное сло́во"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "посуђѐница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "позајмљеница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "posuđènica"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "pozajmljenica"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prevzaté slovo"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "izposojenka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "extranjerismo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "préstamo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calco"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lånord"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "låneord"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "främmande ord"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "salitang hiram"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "iqtibos",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "иқтибос"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kam-yʉʉm",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "คำยืม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "alıntı kelime"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "alıntı sözcük"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zapozýčennja",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "запози́чення"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "từ vay mượn"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "từ du nhập"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "từ mượn"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "từ ngoại lai"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "benthycair"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "benthyciad"
},
{
"code": "yo",
"lang": "Yoruba",
"sense": "word taken from another language",
"word": "ọ̀rọ̀-àyálò"
}
],
"word": "loanword"
}
Download raw JSONL data for loanword meaning in All languages combined (19.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.