See beef in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for beef meaning in English (44.5kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "baby beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "baron of beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beefalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef bayonet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef bourguignon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef-brained"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beefcake"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef chit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef curtains"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef flaps"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef-house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef injection"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef jerky"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef olive"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef on the hoof"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef on weck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef rib"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beefsteak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef stew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef tea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef tomato"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef to the hoof"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef trust"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef Wellington"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef-witted"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beefy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "big as bull-beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "boneless lean beef trimmings"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bully beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chipped beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "corned beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "grass beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ground beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ham and beef shop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hot beef injection"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hot-beef injection"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hung beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "I don't eat beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Italian beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kippered beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Kobe beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lean finely textured beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mess beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Mongolian beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "park the beef bus in tuna town"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pit beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reef and beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "roast beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "roast beef curtains"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "roast-beef plant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "round of beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "salt beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "smoked beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ugly as bull-beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "what's the beef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "where's the beef"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bife",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bife",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bife"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "bife",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: bife",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: bife"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Middle English beef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bef"
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beof"
},
"expansion": "beof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "beof"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman beof",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French buef",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "boef",
"3": "",
"4": "ox"
},
"expansion": "boef (“ox”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bœuf"
},
"expansion": "French bœuf",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bōs",
"4": "",
"5": "ox"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs (“ox”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cow",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thief"
},
"expansion": "thief",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English beef, bef, beof, borrowed from Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef, boef (“ox”) (modern French bœuf); from Latin bōs (“ox”), from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Doublet of cow.\nBeef in the sense of “a grudge, argument” was originally an American slang expression:\n* attested as a verb “to complain” in 1888: “He'll beef an' kick like a steer an' let on he won't never wear 'em.”— New York World, 13 May;\n* attested as a noun “complaint, protest, grievance, sim.” in 1899: “He made a Horrible Beef because he couldn't get Loaf Sugar for his Coffee.”—Fables in Slang (1900) by George Ade, page 80.\nAs to the possible origin of this American usage, it has been suggested that it can be traced back to a British expression for “alarm”, first recorded in 1725: \"BEEF 'to alarm, as To cry beef upon us; they have discover'd us, and are in Pursuit of us\". The term \"beef\" in this context would be a Cockney rhyming slang of thief. The continuous use of a similar expression, including its assumed semantic shift to 'complaint' in the United States from the 1880s onwards, needs further clarification though.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beef",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beeves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "beef",
"3": "s",
"4": "beeves"
},
"expansion": "beef (countable and uncountable, plural beef or beefs or beeves)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bovine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beefwood"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "lean finely textured beef",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "boneless lean beef trimmings",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"The edible portions of a cow (including those which are not meat)."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-noun-en:meat",
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"edible",
"edible"
]
],
"qualifier": "on product packaging",
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"(in the meat industry, on product packaging) The edible portions of a cow (including those which are not meat)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the meat industry"
],
"senseid": [
"en:meat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowflesh"
},
{
"word": "oxflesh"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Put some beef into it! We've got to get the car over the bump.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We've got to get some beef into the enforcement provisions of that law.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"Muscle or musculature; size, strength or potency."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-noun-en:meat1",
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"Muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"musculature",
"musculature"
],
[
"size",
"size"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"potency",
"potency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"(by extension, slang, uncountable) Muscle or musculature; size, strength or potency."
],
"senseid": [
"en:meat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowflesh"
},
{
"word": "oxflesh"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The beef of his paper was a long rant about government.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"Essence, content; the important part of a document or project."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-noun-en:meat1",
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"Essence",
"essence"
],
[
"content",
"content"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"(figurative, slang, uncountable) Essence, content; the important part of a document or project."
],
"senseid": [
"en:meat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowflesh"
},
{
"word": "oxflesh"
},
{
"word": "meat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"slang",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "beesvleis"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "aho",
"lang": "Ahom",
"roman": "nü0 hū",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "𑜃𑜢𑜤𑜰𑜫 𑜑𑜥"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "mish lope"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "apw",
"lang": "Western Apache",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "magashi bitsiʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "laḥm baqar",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لَحْم بَقَر"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tavari mis",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "տավարի միս"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "behiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jálavičyna",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́лавічына"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bevin"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "govéždo",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "гове́ждо"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "a.mai:sa:",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "အမဲသား"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vedella"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "waga hawiya",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ᏩᎦ ᎭᏫᏯ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngau⁴ juk⁶",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "牛肉"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "牛肉"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "niúròu",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "牛肉"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "kig bewin"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kig bowin"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "boie"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "boiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "boi"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hovězí"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oksekød"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bief"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"english": "beefsteak",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "biefstuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rundvlees"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bovaĵo"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "veiseliha"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "neytakjøt"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "naudanliha"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"raw_tags": [
"from a bull"
],
"sense": "meat",
"topics": [
"meat",
"meats",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "häränliha"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bœuf"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒroxis",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ძროხის"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rindfleisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "Ochsenfleisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vodinó",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "βοδινό"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "nersussuup neqaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "gomā̃s",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ગોમાંસ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"alt": "בְּשַׂר",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "בָּקָר"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gomāns",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "गोमांस"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gośt",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गोश्त"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "marhahús"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nautakjöt"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bovokarno"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "daging sapi"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mairteoil"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manzo"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne bovina"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"alt": "ぎゅうにく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyūniku",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "牛肉"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bīfu",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ビーフ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "siyr etı",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "сиыр еті"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "ìnek idì",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "інек иді"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sac koo",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "សាច់គោ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "soegogi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "쇠고기"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sogogi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "소고기"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"alt": "牛",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-u",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
],
"word": "우"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"alt": "牛肉",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "uyuk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "우육"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "uy eti",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "уй эти"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sīn ngūa",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ຊີ້ນງົວ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nưa ngūa",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ເນຶ້ອງົວ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "būbula"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liellopa gaļa"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vērša gaļa"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jautiena"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rëndfleesch"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "govedsko",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "говедско"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "teleško",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "телешко"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "juneško",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "јунешко"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "daging lembu"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"note": "informal use",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "daging"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċanga"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "feill vart"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "mīti kau"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "pīwhi"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "gomāusa",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "गोमांस"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "üxriin",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "үхрийн"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "béégashii bitsįʼ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "bīu",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "बीउ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viande dé vaque"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "vuovssábiergu"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "šibitbiergu"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "oamebiergu"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "storfekjøtt"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oksekjøtt"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "storfekjøt"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "storfekjøtt"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oksekjøt"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oksekjøtt"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buòu"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gušt-e gâv",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "گوشت گاو"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rintfleesch"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wołowina"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne de vaca"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"formal"
],
"word": "carne bovina"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "carne"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "waka aycha"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vită"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "charn-bov"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "govjádina",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "говя́дина"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"english": "veal",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "teljátina",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "теля́тина"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "povi"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "fāsipovi"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gomāṃsa",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "गोमांस"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mairtfheòil"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "говедина"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "телетина"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "јунетина"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "govedina"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "teletina"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "junetina"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "nek edi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "нек эди"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sd",
"lang": "Sindhi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ٻوڙا"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "harak mas",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "හරක් මස්"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hovädzie"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "govedina"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "teletina"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gowjeze měso"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gowjezyna"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "howjaze mjaso"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "bozunïŋ edi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "бозуныҥ эди"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne de res"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne de vaca"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "nyama ya ng'ombe"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nötkött"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "karneng baka"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nʉ́ʉa-wuua",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "เนื้อวัว"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nʉ́ʉa",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "เนื้อ"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "sığır eti"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"english": "veal",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "dana eti"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jálovyčyna",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́ловичина"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "گوشت"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "kala göshi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "كالا گۆشى"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"alt": "䏦𤙭",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "thịt bò"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bubamit"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boû"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cig eidion"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bîff"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kowefleis"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "rindfleysh",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "רינדפֿלייש"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 17 35 17 0 15 0 0",
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "laeblaz"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I love eating beef.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-noun-en:meat1",
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine."
],
"senseid": [
"en:meat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowflesh"
},
{
"word": "oxflesh"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010 October 21, “Who's the real McCoy? Abilene's Joseph in 8 Wonders contest”, in Abilene Recorder Chronicle",
"text": "However, there were millions of head of beef roaming the plains of Texas.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bovine animals."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-noun--gDBsuo0",
"links": [
[
"Bovine",
"bovine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Bovine animals."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Canadian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Do you want to raise beeves?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1903 March, Henry Mason Baum, Frederick Bennett Wright, George Frederick Wright, Records of the Past, volume II, part III, page 87, translating the laws of Hammurabi",
"text": "263. If he [one to whom a beef or sheep is loaned] ruins the beef or sheep that was loaned him, he is to return to the owner a beef for a beef and a sheep for a sheep."
},
{
"ref": "1920–1930, Photo in the North Dakota State Museum",
"text": "Cutting out a Beef for branding"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Bart Reilly, quotee, “Beef”, in Ontario Dialects Project, Toronto: University of Toronto, retrieved 2022-07-05",
"text": "I remember I killed a beef one time by myself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bovine (cow or bull) being raised for its meat."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-noun-~kOkVEtD",
"links": [
[
"Canada",
"Canada"
],
[
"US",
"American English"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural beeves",
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly Canada, US, countable, now uncommon, plural beeves) A bovine (cow or bull) being raised for its meat."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"countable",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He's got beef over what you said.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He's got a beef with everyone in the room.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Remember what happened last fall? That's his beef with me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1997, “Going Back to Cali”, in Life After Death, performed by The Notorious B.I.G.",
"text": "All I got is beef with those that violate me / I shall annihilate thee",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grudge; dislike (of something or someone); lack of faith or trust (in something or someone); a reason for a dislike or grudge. (often + with)"
],
"id": "en-beef-en-noun-isS4nWQC",
"links": [
[
"grudge",
"grudge"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural beefs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, uncountable or countable, plural beefs) A grudge; dislike (of something or someone); lack of faith or trust (in something or someone); a reason for a dislike or grudge. (often + with)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 3 0 1 1 91 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"word": "牢騷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 3 0 1 1 91 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "láosāo",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"word": "牢骚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 3 0 1 1 91 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Groll"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 3 0 1 1 91 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "heftige Verärgerung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 3 0 1 1 91 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rochus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 3 0 1 1 91 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Widerwillen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 3 0 1 1 91 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beschwerde"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dorset English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895, Geological Survey of Great Britain, The Jurassic Rocks of Britain: Pub. by Order of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, page 243",
"roman": "Corbula Beds. Layers of shelly limestone, shale, alum shale, and marl, with \"beef\" and selenite.",
"text": "Clays, shales, sands, red and green marls, and alum shale, with occasional layers of \"beef\" (fibrous carbonate of lime) […] Chief \"Beef\" Beds, Dark (alum) shales with \"beef\" and selenite, beds of limestone, and layers of perished shells. Cyrena and Cyrides.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, Proceedings - Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, volumes 114-115, page 190",
"text": "Medium-grey paper shales with beef.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 May 10, Robin McInnes, Jenny Jakeways, Helen Fairbank, Emma Mathie, Landslides and Climate Change: Challenges and Solutions: Proceedings of the International Conference on Landslides and Climate Change, Ventnor, Isle of Wight, UK, 21-24 May 2007, CRC Press, page 421",
"text": "[…] beds of limestone and thin layers of 'beef' (fibrous calcite)[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fibrous calcite or limestone, especially when occurring in a jagged layer between shales in Dorset."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-noun-lyEa-lWv",
"links": [
[
"Fibrous",
"fibrous"
],
[
"calcite",
"calcite"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
],
[
"shale",
"shale"
],
[
"Dorset",
"Dorset"
]
],
"qualifier": "Dorset",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Dorset) Fibrous calcite or limestone, especially when occurring in a jagged layer between shales in Dorset."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bif/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biːf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-beef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg/En-uk-beef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Michael Quinion"
],
"word": "beef"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "beef up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Middle English beef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bef"
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beof"
},
"expansion": "beof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "beof"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman beof",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French buef",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "boef",
"3": "",
"4": "ox"
},
"expansion": "boef (“ox”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bœuf"
},
"expansion": "French bœuf",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bōs",
"4": "",
"5": "ox"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs (“ox”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cow",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thief"
},
"expansion": "thief",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English beef, bef, beof, borrowed from Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef, boef (“ox”) (modern French bœuf); from Latin bōs (“ox”), from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Doublet of cow.\nBeef in the sense of “a grudge, argument” was originally an American slang expression:\n* attested as a verb “to complain” in 1888: “He'll beef an' kick like a steer an' let on he won't never wear 'em.”— New York World, 13 May;\n* attested as a noun “complaint, protest, grievance, sim.” in 1899: “He made a Horrible Beef because he couldn't get Loaf Sugar for his Coffee.”—Fables in Slang (1900) by George Ade, page 80.\nAs to the possible origin of this American usage, it has been suggested that it can be traced back to a British expression for “alarm”, first recorded in 1725: \"BEEF 'to alarm, as To cry beef upon us; they have discover'd us, and are in Pursuit of us\". The term \"beef\" in this context would be a Cockney rhyming slang of thief. The continuous use of a similar expression, including its assumed semantic shift to 'complaint' in the United States from the 1880s onwards, needs further clarification though.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beefs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beefing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beefed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beefed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "beef (third-person singular simple present beefs, present participle beefing, simple past and past participle beefed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To complain."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-verb-KrL-h2SZ",
"links": [
[
"complain",
"complain#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, slang) To complain."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969, Hot Rod, volume 22, page 59",
"text": "First off, the axle housing was beefed by welding areas where extreme loading is evident (black marked areas).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To add weight or strength to."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-verb-tZDENvvT",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To add weight or strength to."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beef up"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 5 13 3 5 6 10 5 9 3 1 7 1 1 18 1 1 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 9 4 4 5 9 4 6 4 1 10 0 1 28 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 3 7 4 7 7 12 7 5 3 1 7 1 1 23 1 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 7 3 7 7 7 7 13 7 1 5 0 0 18 1 2 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cattle",
"orig": "en:Cattle",
"parents": [
"Bovines",
"Livestock",
"Even-toed ungulates",
"Agriculture",
"Animals",
"Mammals",
"Applied sciences",
"Lifeforms",
"Vertebrates",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Chordates",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ugh, who just beefed in here?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fart; break wind."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-verb-8ySclUhY",
"links": [
[
"fart",
"fart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, slang) To fart; break wind."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Yorkshire English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "David was beefing last night after Ruth told him off.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-verb-p2QUPVd8",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, chiefly Yorkshire) To cry."
],
"tags": [
"Yorkshire",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I beefed my presentation hard yesterday.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fail or mess up."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-verb-JF5BSFFo",
"links": [
[
"fail",
"fail"
],
[
"mess up",
"mess up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To fail or mess up."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "African-American Vernacular English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Multicultural London English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Multicultural Toronto English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Those two are beefing right now – best you stay out of it for now.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feud or hold a grudge against."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-verb-WfMMcTgt",
"links": [
[
"feud",
"feud"
],
[
"grudge",
"grudge"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly African-American Vernacular, MLE, MTE, intransitive, slang) To feud or hold a grudge against."
],
"tags": [
"Multicultural-London-English",
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bif/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biːf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-beef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg/En-uk-beef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Michael Quinion"
],
"word": "beef"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Middle English beef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bef"
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beof"
},
"expansion": "beof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "beof"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman beof",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French buef",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "boef",
"3": "",
"4": "ox"
},
"expansion": "boef (“ox”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bœuf"
},
"expansion": "French bœuf",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bōs",
"4": "",
"5": "ox"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs (“ox”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cow",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thief"
},
"expansion": "thief",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English beef, bef, beof, borrowed from Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef, boef (“ox”) (modern French bœuf); from Latin bōs (“ox”), from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Doublet of cow.\nBeef in the sense of “a grudge, argument” was originally an American slang expression:\n* attested as a verb “to complain” in 1888: “He'll beef an' kick like a steer an' let on he won't never wear 'em.”— New York World, 13 May;\n* attested as a noun “complaint, protest, grievance, sim.” in 1899: “He made a Horrible Beef because he couldn't get Loaf Sugar for his Coffee.”—Fables in Slang (1900) by George Ade, page 80.\nAs to the possible origin of this American usage, it has been suggested that it can be traced back to a British expression for “alarm”, first recorded in 1725: \"BEEF 'to alarm, as To cry beef upon us; they have discover'd us, and are in Pursuit of us\". The term \"beef\" in this context would be a Cockney rhyming slang of thief. The continuous use of a similar expression, including its assumed semantic shift to 'complaint' in the United States from the 1880s onwards, needs further clarification though.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "beef (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "beefy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We bought three beef calves this morning.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Being a bovine animal that is being raised for its meat."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-adj-5BBBSv9n",
"links": [
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "beef farms",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "beef country",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Producing or known for raising lots of beef."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-adj-fjNG8x2s",
"links": [
[
"Producing",
"produce"
],
[
"raising",
"raise"
],
[
"beef",
"#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "beef stew",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Consisting of or containing beef as an ingredient."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-adj-y2U-oaIG",
"links": [
[
"Consisting",
"consist"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"beef",
"#Noun"
],
[
"ingredient",
"ingredient"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 9 85 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "goveždi",
"sense": "having beef as an ingredient",
"word": "говежди"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 85 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "govjážij",
"sense": "having beef as an ingredient",
"word": "говя́жий"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 7 16 5 4 9 4 5 4 2 4 1 1 11 2 11 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Meats",
"orig": "en:Meats",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Wow, your audio setup is beef!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beefy; powerful; robust."
],
"id": "en-beef-en-adj-7gb7h8Pp",
"links": [
[
"Beefy",
"beefy"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
],
[
"robust",
"robust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Beefy; powerful; robust."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bif/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biːf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-beef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg/En-uk-beef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Michael Quinion"
],
"word": "beef"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷṓws",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/iːf",
"Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable",
"en:Cattle",
"en:Meats"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "baby beef"
},
{
"word": "baron of beef"
},
{
"word": "beefalo"
},
{
"word": "beef bayonet"
},
{
"word": "beef bourguignon"
},
{
"word": "beef-brained"
},
{
"word": "beefcake"
},
{
"word": "beef chit"
},
{
"word": "beef curtains"
},
{
"word": "beef flaps"
},
{
"word": "beef-house"
},
{
"word": "beef house"
},
{
"word": "beef injection"
},
{
"word": "beef jerky"
},
{
"word": "beef olive"
},
{
"word": "beef on the hoof"
},
{
"word": "beef on weck"
},
{
"word": "beef rib"
},
{
"word": "beefsteak"
},
{
"word": "beef stew"
},
{
"word": "beef tea"
},
{
"word": "beef tomato"
},
{
"word": "beef to the hoof"
},
{
"word": "beef trust"
},
{
"word": "beef Wellington"
},
{
"word": "beef-witted"
},
{
"word": "beefy"
},
{
"word": "big as bull-beef"
},
{
"word": "boneless lean beef trimmings"
},
{
"word": "bully beef"
},
{
"word": "chipped beef"
},
{
"word": "corned beef"
},
{
"word": "grass beef"
},
{
"word": "ground beef"
},
{
"word": "ham and beef shop"
},
{
"word": "hot beef injection"
},
{
"word": "hot-beef injection"
},
{
"word": "hung beef"
},
{
"word": "I don't eat beef"
},
{
"word": "Italian beef"
},
{
"word": "kippered beef"
},
{
"word": "Kobe beef"
},
{
"word": "lean finely textured beef"
},
{
"word": "mess beef"
},
{
"word": "Mongolian beef"
},
{
"word": "park the beef bus in tuna town"
},
{
"word": "pit beef"
},
{
"word": "reef and beef"
},
{
"word": "roast beef"
},
{
"word": "roast beef curtains"
},
{
"word": "roast-beef plant"
},
{
"word": "round of beef"
},
{
"word": "salt beef"
},
{
"word": "smoked beef"
},
{
"word": "ugly as bull-beef"
},
{
"word": "what's the beef"
},
{
"word": "where's the beef"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "bife",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: bife",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: bife"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "bife",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: bife",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: bife"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Middle English beef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bef"
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beof"
},
"expansion": "beof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "beof"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman beof",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French buef",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "boef",
"3": "",
"4": "ox"
},
"expansion": "boef (“ox”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bœuf"
},
"expansion": "French bœuf",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bōs",
"4": "",
"5": "ox"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs (“ox”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cow",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thief"
},
"expansion": "thief",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English beef, bef, beof, borrowed from Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef, boef (“ox”) (modern French bœuf); from Latin bōs (“ox”), from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Doublet of cow.\nBeef in the sense of “a grudge, argument” was originally an American slang expression:\n* attested as a verb “to complain” in 1888: “He'll beef an' kick like a steer an' let on he won't never wear 'em.”— New York World, 13 May;\n* attested as a noun “complaint, protest, grievance, sim.” in 1899: “He made a Horrible Beef because he couldn't get Loaf Sugar for his Coffee.”—Fables in Slang (1900) by George Ade, page 80.\nAs to the possible origin of this American usage, it has been suggested that it can be traced back to a British expression for “alarm”, first recorded in 1725: \"BEEF 'to alarm, as To cry beef upon us; they have discover'd us, and are in Pursuit of us\". The term \"beef\" in this context would be a Cockney rhyming slang of thief. The continuous use of a similar expression, including its assumed semantic shift to 'complaint' in the United States from the 1880s onwards, needs further clarification though.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beef",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beefs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "beeves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "beef",
"3": "s",
"4": "beeves"
},
"expansion": "beef (countable and uncountable, plural beef or beefs or beeves)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bovine"
},
{
"word": "beefwood"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "lean finely textured beef",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "boneless lean beef trimmings",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"The edible portions of a cow (including those which are not meat)."
],
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"edible",
"edible"
]
],
"qualifier": "on product packaging",
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"(in the meat industry, on product packaging) The edible portions of a cow (including those which are not meat)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the meat industry"
],
"senseid": [
"en:meat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowflesh"
},
{
"word": "oxflesh"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Put some beef into it! We've got to get the car over the bump.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "We've got to get some beef into the enforcement provisions of that law.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"Muscle or musculature; size, strength or potency."
],
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"Muscle",
"muscle"
],
[
"musculature",
"musculature"
],
[
"size",
"size"
],
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"potency",
"potency"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"(by extension, slang, uncountable) Muscle or musculature; size, strength or potency."
],
"senseid": [
"en:meat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowflesh"
},
{
"word": "oxflesh"
}
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The beef of his paper was a long rant about government.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"Essence, content; the important part of a document or project."
],
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"Essence",
"essence"
],
[
"content",
"content"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine.",
"(figurative, slang, uncountable) Essence, content; the important part of a document or project."
],
"senseid": [
"en:meat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowflesh"
},
{
"word": "oxflesh"
},
{
"word": "meat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I love eating beef.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine."
],
"links": [
[
"meat",
"meat"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The meat from a cow, bull, or other bovine."
],
"senseid": [
"en:meat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cowflesh"
},
{
"word": "oxflesh"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010 October 21, “Who's the real McCoy? Abilene's Joseph in 8 Wonders contest”, in Abilene Recorder Chronicle",
"text": "However, there were millions of head of beef roaming the plains of Texas.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Bovine animals."
],
"links": [
[
"Bovine",
"bovine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) Bovine animals."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"Canadian English",
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Do you want to raise beeves?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1903 March, Henry Mason Baum, Frederick Bennett Wright, George Frederick Wright, Records of the Past, volume II, part III, page 87, translating the laws of Hammurabi",
"text": "263. If he [one to whom a beef or sheep is loaned] ruins the beef or sheep that was loaned him, he is to return to the owner a beef for a beef and a sheep for a sheep."
},
{
"ref": "1920–1930, Photo in the North Dakota State Museum",
"text": "Cutting out a Beef for branding"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Bart Reilly, quotee, “Beef”, in Ontario Dialects Project, Toronto: University of Toronto, retrieved 2022-07-05",
"text": "I remember I killed a beef one time by myself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bovine (cow or bull) being raised for its meat."
],
"links": [
[
"Canada",
"Canada"
],
[
"US",
"American English"
],
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"cow",
"cow"
],
[
"bull",
"bull"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural beeves",
"raw_glosses": [
"(now chiefly Canada, US, countable, now uncommon, plural beeves) A bovine (cow or bull) being raised for its meat."
],
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US",
"countable",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He's got beef over what you said.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "He's got a beef with everyone in the room.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Remember what happened last fall? That's his beef with me.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1997, “Going Back to Cali”, in Life After Death, performed by The Notorious B.I.G.",
"text": "All I got is beef with those that violate me / I shall annihilate thee",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grudge; dislike (of something or someone); lack of faith or trust (in something or someone); a reason for a dislike or grudge. (often + with)"
],
"links": [
[
"grudge",
"grudge"
],
[
"with",
"with"
]
],
"qualifier": "plural beefs",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, uncountable or countable, plural beefs) A grudge; dislike (of something or someone); lack of faith or trust (in something or someone); a reason for a dislike or grudge. (often + with)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dorset English",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1895, Geological Survey of Great Britain, The Jurassic Rocks of Britain: Pub. by Order of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, page 243",
"roman": "Corbula Beds. Layers of shelly limestone, shale, alum shale, and marl, with \"beef\" and selenite.",
"text": "Clays, shales, sands, red and green marls, and alum shale, with occasional layers of \"beef\" (fibrous carbonate of lime) […] Chief \"Beef\" Beds, Dark (alum) shales with \"beef\" and selenite, beds of limestone, and layers of perished shells. Cyrena and Cyrides.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, Proceedings - Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, volumes 114-115, page 190",
"text": "Medium-grey paper shales with beef.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007 May 10, Robin McInnes, Jenny Jakeways, Helen Fairbank, Emma Mathie, Landslides and Climate Change: Challenges and Solutions: Proceedings of the International Conference on Landslides and Climate Change, Ventnor, Isle of Wight, UK, 21-24 May 2007, CRC Press, page 421",
"text": "[…] beds of limestone and thin layers of 'beef' (fibrous calcite)[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fibrous calcite or limestone, especially when occurring in a jagged layer between shales in Dorset."
],
"links": [
[
"Fibrous",
"fibrous"
],
[
"calcite",
"calcite"
],
[
"limestone",
"limestone"
],
[
"shale",
"shale"
],
[
"Dorset",
"Dorset"
]
],
"qualifier": "Dorset",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Dorset) Fibrous calcite or limestone, especially when occurring in a jagged layer between shales in Dorset."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bif/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biːf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-beef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg/En-uk-beef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "beesvleis"
},
{
"code": "aho",
"lang": "Ahom",
"roman": "nü0 hū",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "𑜃𑜢𑜤𑜰𑜫 𑜑𑜥"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "mish lope"
},
{
"code": "apw",
"lang": "Western Apache",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "magashi bitsiʼ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "laḥm baqar",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "لَحْم بَقَر"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "tavari mis",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "տավարի միս"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "behiki"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jálavičyna",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́лавічына"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bevin"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "govéždo",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "гове́ждо"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "a.mai:sa:",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "အမဲသား"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vedella"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "waga hawiya",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ᏩᎦ ᎭᏫᏯ"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "ngau⁴ juk⁶",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "牛肉"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "牛肉"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "niúròu",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "牛肉"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "kig bewin"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kig bowin"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "boie"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "boiu"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "boi"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hovězí"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oksekød"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bief"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"english": "beefsteak",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "biefstuk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "rundvlees"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bovaĵo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "veiseliha"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "neytakjøt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "naudanliha"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"raw_tags": [
"from a bull"
],
"sense": "meat",
"topics": [
"meat",
"meats",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "häränliha"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bœuf"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒroxis",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ძროხის"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rindfleisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "Ochsenfleisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vodinó",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "βοδινό"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "nersussuup neqaa"
},
{
"code": "gu",
"lang": "Gujarati",
"roman": "gomā̃s",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ગોમાંસ"
},
{
"alt": "בְּשַׂר",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "בָּקָר"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gomāns",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "गोमांस"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gośt",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गोश्त"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "marhahús"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nautakjöt"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bovokarno"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "daging sapi"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mairteoil"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "manzo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne bovina"
},
{
"alt": "ぎゅうにく",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gyūniku",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "牛肉"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bīfu",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ビーフ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "siyr etı",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "сиыр еті"
},
{
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "ìnek idì",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "інек иді"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sac koo",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "សាច់គោ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "soegogi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "쇠고기"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "sogogi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "소고기"
},
{
"alt": "牛",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "-u",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
],
"word": "우"
},
{
"alt": "牛肉",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "uyuk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"uncommon"
],
"word": "우육"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "uy eti",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "уй эти"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sīn ngūa",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ຊີ້ນງົວ"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "nưa ngūa",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ເນຶ້ອງົວ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "būbula"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "liellopa gaļa"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vērša gaļa"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "jautiena"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rëndfleesch"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "govedsko",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "говедско"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "teleško",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "телешко"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "juneško",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "јунешко"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "daging lembu"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"note": "informal use",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "daging"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ċanga"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "feill vart"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "mīti kau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "pīwhi"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "gomāusa",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "गोमांस"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "üxriin",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "үхрийн"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "béégashii bitsįʼ"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "bīu",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "बीउ"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "viande dé vaque"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "vuovssábiergu"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "šibitbiergu"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "oamebiergu"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "storfekjøtt"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oksekjøtt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "storfekjøt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "storfekjøtt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oksekjøt"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "oksekjøtt"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buòu"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gušt-e gâv",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "گوشت گاو"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Rintfleesch"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "wołowina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne de vaca"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"formal"
],
"word": "carne bovina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Brazil",
"feminine",
"informal"
],
"word": "carne"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "waka aycha"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vită"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "charn-bov"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "govjádina",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "говя́дина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "veal",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "teljátina",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "теля́тина"
},
{
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "povi"
},
{
"code": "sm",
"lang": "Samoan",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "fāsipovi"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gomāṃsa",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "गोमांस"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mairtfheòil"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "говедина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "телетина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "јунетина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "govedina"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "teletina"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "junetina"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"roman": "nek edi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "нек эди"
},
{
"code": "sd",
"lang": "Sindhi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "ٻوڙا"
},
{
"code": "si",
"lang": "Sinhalese",
"roman": "harak mas",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "හරක් මස්"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hovädzie"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "govedina"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "teletina"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "gowjeze měso"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gowjezyna"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "howjaze mjaso"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "bozunïŋ edi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "бозуныҥ эди"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne de res"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carne de vaca"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "nyama ya ng'ombe"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nötkött"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "karneng baka"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nʉ́ʉa-wuua",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "เนื้อวัว"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "nʉ́ʉa",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "เนื้อ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "sığır eti"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"english": "veal",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "dana eti"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jálovyčyna",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "я́ловичина"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "گوشت"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "kala göshi",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "كالا گۆشى"
},
{
"alt": "䏦𤙭",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "thịt bò"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "bubamit"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "boû"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cig eidion"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bîff"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "kowefleis"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "rindfleysh",
"sense": "meat",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "רינדפֿלייש"
},
{
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"sense": "meat",
"word": "laeblaz"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"word": "牢騷"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "láosāo",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"word": "牢骚"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Groll"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "heftige Verärgerung"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rochus"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Widerwillen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "grudge; dislike",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beschwerde"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Michael Quinion"
],
"word": "beef"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷṓws",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/iːf",
"Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable",
"en:Cattle",
"en:Meats"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "beef out"
},
{
"word": "beef up"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Middle English beef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bef"
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beof"
},
"expansion": "beof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "beof"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman beof",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French buef",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "boef",
"3": "",
"4": "ox"
},
"expansion": "boef (“ox”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bœuf"
},
"expansion": "French bœuf",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bōs",
"4": "",
"5": "ox"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs (“ox”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cow",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thief"
},
"expansion": "thief",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English beef, bef, beof, borrowed from Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef, boef (“ox”) (modern French bœuf); from Latin bōs (“ox”), from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Doublet of cow.\nBeef in the sense of “a grudge, argument” was originally an American slang expression:\n* attested as a verb “to complain” in 1888: “He'll beef an' kick like a steer an' let on he won't never wear 'em.”— New York World, 13 May;\n* attested as a noun “complaint, protest, grievance, sim.” in 1899: “He made a Horrible Beef because he couldn't get Loaf Sugar for his Coffee.”—Fables in Slang (1900) by George Ade, page 80.\nAs to the possible origin of this American usage, it has been suggested that it can be traced back to a British expression for “alarm”, first recorded in 1725: \"BEEF 'to alarm, as To cry beef upon us; they have discover'd us, and are in Pursuit of us\". The term \"beef\" in this context would be a Cockney rhyming slang of thief. The continuous use of a similar expression, including its assumed semantic shift to 'complaint' in the United States from the 1880s onwards, needs further clarification though.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "beefs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "beefing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "beefed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beefed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "beef (third-person singular simple present beefs, present participle beefing, simple past and past participle beefed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"To complain."
],
"links": [
[
"complain",
"complain#Verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, slang) To complain."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1969, Hot Rod, volume 22, page 59",
"text": "First off, the axle housing was beefed by welding areas where extreme loading is evident (black marked areas).",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To add weight or strength to."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To add weight or strength to."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "beef up"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ugh, who just beefed in here?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fart; break wind."
],
"links": [
[
"fart",
"fart"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, slang) To fart; break wind."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Yorkshire English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "David was beefing last night after Ruth told him off.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry."
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, chiefly Yorkshire) To cry."
],
"tags": [
"Yorkshire",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I beefed my presentation hard yesterday.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To fail or mess up."
],
"links": [
[
"fail",
"fail"
],
[
"mess up",
"mess up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) To fail or mess up."
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"African-American Vernacular English",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Multicultural London English",
"Multicultural Toronto English"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Those two are beefing right now – best you stay out of it for now.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feud or hold a grudge against."
],
"links": [
[
"feud",
"feud"
],
[
"grudge",
"grudge"
]
],
"qualifier": "chiefly African-American Vernacular",
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly African-American Vernacular, MLE, MTE, intransitive, slang) To feud or hold a grudge against."
],
"tags": [
"Multicultural-London-English",
"intransitive",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bif/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biːf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-beef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg/En-uk-beef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Michael Quinion"
],
"word": "beef"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷṓws",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Telugu translations",
"Rhymes:English/iːf",
"Rhymes:English/iːf/1 syllable",
"en:Cattle",
"en:Meats"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "beef"
},
"expansion": "Middle English beef",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bef"
},
"expansion": "bef",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "beof"
},
"expansion": "beof",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "beof"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman beof",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "buef"
},
"expansion": "Old French buef",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "boef",
"3": "",
"4": "ox"
},
"expansion": "boef (“ox”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bœuf"
},
"expansion": "French bœuf",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "bōs",
"4": "",
"5": "ox"
},
"expansion": "Latin bōs (“ox”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*gʷōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *gʷōs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷṓws"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cow"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of cow",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thief"
},
"expansion": "thief",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English beef, bef, beof, borrowed from Anglo-Norman beof, Old French buef, boef (“ox”) (modern French bœuf); from Latin bōs (“ox”), from Proto-Italic *gʷōs, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws. Doublet of cow.\nBeef in the sense of “a grudge, argument” was originally an American slang expression:\n* attested as a verb “to complain” in 1888: “He'll beef an' kick like a steer an' let on he won't never wear 'em.”— New York World, 13 May;\n* attested as a noun “complaint, protest, grievance, sim.” in 1899: “He made a Horrible Beef because he couldn't get Loaf Sugar for his Coffee.”—Fables in Slang (1900) by George Ade, page 80.\nAs to the possible origin of this American usage, it has been suggested that it can be traced back to a British expression for “alarm”, first recorded in 1725: \"BEEF 'to alarm, as To cry beef upon us; they have discover'd us, and are in Pursuit of us\". The term \"beef\" in this context would be a Cockney rhyming slang of thief. The continuous use of a similar expression, including its assumed semantic shift to 'complaint' in the United States from the 1880s onwards, needs further clarification though.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "beef (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "beefy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We bought three beef calves this morning.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Being a bovine animal that is being raised for its meat."
],
"links": [
[
"bovine",
"bovine"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"raise",
"raise"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "beef farms",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "beef country",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Producing or known for raising lots of beef."
],
"links": [
[
"Producing",
"produce"
],
[
"raising",
"raise"
],
[
"beef",
"#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "beef stew",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Consisting of or containing beef as an ingredient."
],
"links": [
[
"Consisting",
"consist"
],
[
"contain",
"contain"
],
[
"beef",
"#Noun"
],
[
"ingredient",
"ingredient"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Wow, your audio setup is beef!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Beefy; powerful; robust."
],
"links": [
[
"Beefy",
"beefy"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
],
[
"robust",
"robust"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Beefy; powerful; robust."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bif/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biːf/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-iːf"
},
{
"audio": "En-uk-beef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg/En-uk-beef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/En-uk-beef.ogg",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"text": "Audio (UK)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "goveždi",
"sense": "having beef as an ingredient",
"word": "говежди"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "govjážij",
"sense": "having beef as an ingredient",
"word": "говя́жий"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Michael Quinion"
],
"word": "beef"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.