"abrupt" meaning in English

See abrupt in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /əˈbɹʌpt/ [US], /æbˈɹʌpt/ [US] Audio: En-us-abrupt.ogg [US] Forms: more abrupt [comparative], abrupter [comparative], most abrupt [superlative], abruptest [superlative]
Rhymes: -ʌpt Etymology: First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*Hrewp-}}, {{bor|en|la|abruptus||broken off}} Latin abruptus (“broken off”), {{m|la|abrumpō||break off}} abrumpō (“break off”), {{m|la|ab||from, away from}} ab (“from, away from”), {{m|la|rumpō||to break}} rumpō (“to break”) Head templates: {{en-adj|more|er}} abrupt (comparative more abrupt or abrupter, superlative most abrupt or abruptest)
  1. (obsolete, rare) Broken away (from restraint). Tags: obsolete, rare
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-adj-slkNGPm0
  2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. Synonyms (without time to prepare): sudden Synonyms (without transition): disconnected, unexpected Translations (without notice): ⁧مُبَاغِت⁩ (mubāḡit) [masculine] (Arabic), ⁧مُفَاجِئ⁩ (mufājiʔ) [masculine] (Arabic), рапто́ўны (raptóŭny) [masculine] (Belarusian), рязък (rjazǎk) (Bulgarian), внезапен (vnezapen) (Bulgarian), abrupte (Catalan), pludselig (Danish), uformodet (Danish), abrupt (Dutch), plots (Dutch), bruusk (Dutch), äkillinen (Finnish), odottamaton (Finnish), brusque (French), precipité (French), abrupt (German), jäh (German), αιφνίδιος (aifnídios) [masculine] (Greek), απροσδόκητος (aprosdókitos) [masculine] (Greek), ξαφνικός (xafnikós) [masculine] (Greek), tobann (Irish), brusco (Italian), improvviso (Italian), inaspettato (Italian), abruptus (Latin), нена́деен (nenádeen) (Macedonian), на́гол (nágol) (Macedonian), f’daqqa (Maltese), ta’ malajr (Maltese), ohotata (Maori), whawhati tata (Maori), brå (Norwegian Bokmål), plutselig (Norwegian Bokmål), uventet (Norwegian Bokmål), nagłe [neuter] (Polish), brusco (Portuguese), abrupto (Portuguese), внеза́пный (vnezápnyj) (Russian), неожи́данный (neožídannyj) (Russian), nágao (Serbo-Croatian), nȅnādan (Serbo-Croatian), ȉznenādan (Serbo-Croatian), repentino (Spanish), súbito (Spanish), abrupto (Spanish), అకస్మాత్తుగా (akasmāttugā) (Telugu), рапто́вий (raptóvyj) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-adj-wsdR6Ui- Disambiguation of 'without time to prepare': 8 61 3 6 8 6 7 Disambiguation of 'without transition': 4 76 0 14 0 3 3 Disambiguation of 'without notice': 7 71 3 3 7 5 6
  3. Curt in manner. Synonyms: brusque, rude, uncivil, impolite Synonyms (uncivil): blunt, brusque Translations (curt in manner): рязък (rjazǎk) (Bulgarian), безцеремонен (bezceremonen) (Bulgarian), kortaf (Dutch), bruusk (Dutch), töksähtävä (Finnish), karkea (Finnish), brusque (French), einsiblig (German), wortkarg (German), kurz angebunden (German), απότομος (apótomos) [masculine] (Greek), κοφτός (koftós) [masculine] (Greek), bruska (Ido), gearrbhéalach (Irish), о́стар (óstar) (Macedonian), ре́зок (rézok) (Macedonian), ta’ mod goff (Maltese), whakatumatuma (Maori), brå (Norwegian Bokmål), skarp (Norwegian Bokmål), brusco (Portuguese), rude (Portuguese), бесцеремо́нный (besceremónnyj) (Russian), ре́зкий (rézkij) (Russian), ȍsōran (Serbo-Croatian), abrupto (Spanish), brusco (Spanish), cortante (Spanish), swta (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-adj-0Foutcnd Disambiguation of 'uncivil': 0 3 88 2 0 3 4 Disambiguation of 'curt in manner': 2 1 88 1 3 2 3
  4. Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed. Translations (having sudden transitions from one state to next): abrupte (Catalan), hortend (Dutch), onsamenhangend (Dutch), äkillinen (Finnish), abrupt (German), jäh (German), ασυνεχής (asynechís) [masculine] (Greek), abrupta (Ido), bruska (Ido), discontinuo (Italian), discontinua (Italian), sconnesso (Italian), sconnessa (Italian), abruptus (Latin), whawhati tata (Maori), brå (Norwegian Bokmål), plutselig (Norwegian Bokmål), brusco (Portuguese), abrupto (Portuguese), brusco (Spanish), abrupto (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-adj-kw1zzyNa Disambiguation of 'having sudden transitions from one state to next': 8 20 3 53 3 10 4
  5. (obsolete) Broken off. Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-adj-437Aho54
  6. Extremely steep or craggy as if broken up; precipitous. Synonyms (precipitous): broken, rough, rugged Translations (extremely steep): стръмен (strǎmen) (Bulgarian), abrupte (Catalan), brat (Danish), steil (Dutch), äkkijyrkkä (Finnish), abrupt (French), abrupt (German), jäh (German), schroff (German), steil (German), απόκρημνος (apókrimnos) [masculine] (Greek), απότομος (apótomos) [masculine] (Greek), ⁧תלול⁩ (talul) [masculine] (Hebrew), abrupta (Ido), eskarpa (Ido), brusco (Italian), abruptus (Latin), стр́мен (stŕmen) (Macedonian), mote (Maori), brå (Norwegian Bokmål), bratt (Norwegian Bokmål), steil (Norwegian Bokmål), brusco (Portuguese), abrupto (Portuguese), abrupt (Romanian), круто́й (krutój) (Russian), обры́вистый (obrývistyj) (Russian), abrupto (Spanish), brusco (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-adj--8Ezwg0Z Disambiguation of 'precipitous': 0 23 1 16 0 59 1 Disambiguation of 'extremely steep': 5 3 4 4 6 69 9
  7. (botany) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate. Categories (topical): Botany Translations (botany: truncated): afgeknot (Dutch), katkaistu (Finnish), abgestumpft (German), abrupto (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-adj-mYjyRdQ7 Topics: biology, botany, natural-sciences Disambiguation of 'botany: truncated': 12 3 6 4 14 10 52
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: sudden Derived forms: abrupt appearance, abrupt appearance theory, abruptic, abruption, abruptly, abruptness, nonabrupt, theory of abrupt appearance, unabrupt

Noun

IPA: /əˈbɹʌpt/ [US], /æbˈɹʌpt/ [US] Audio: En-us-abrupt.ogg [US] Forms: abrupts [plural]
Rhymes: -ʌpt Etymology: First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*Hrewp-}}, {{bor|en|la|abruptus||broken off}} Latin abruptus (“broken off”), {{m|la|abrumpō||break off}} abrumpō (“break off”), {{m|la|ab||from, away from}} ab (“from, away from”), {{m|la|rumpō||to break}} rumpō (“to break”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} abrupt (plural abrupts)
  1. (poetic) Something which is abrupt; an abyss. Tags: poetic Translations (abyss): kloof [masculine] (Dutch)
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-noun-CYyVM9KO

Verb

IPA: /əˈbɹʌpt/ [US], /æbˈɹʌpt/ [US] Audio: En-us-abrupt.ogg [US] Forms: abrupts [present, singular, third-person], abrupting [participle, present], abrupted [participle, past], abrupted [past]
Rhymes: -ʌpt Etymology: First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*Hrewp-}}, {{bor|en|la|abruptus||broken off}} Latin abruptus (“broken off”), {{m|la|abrumpō||break off}} abrumpō (“break off”), {{m|la|ab||from, away from}} ab (“from, away from”), {{m|la|rumpō||to break}} rumpō (“to break”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} abrupt (third-person singular simple present abrupts, present participle abrupting, simple past and past participle abrupted)
  1. (transitive, archaic) To tear off or asunder. Tags: archaic, transitive Translations (to tear off or asunder): afbreken (Dutch), scheiden (Dutch), erottaa (Finnish), abscindir (Portuguese)
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-verb-hqGlcVcT Disambiguation of 'to tear off or asunder': 98 2
  2. To interrupt suddenly. Translations (to interrupt suddenly): keskeyttää (Finnish), abscindir (Portuguese), interromper (Portuguese)
    Sense id: en-abrupt-en-verb-PukvTHXk Disambiguation of 'to interrupt suddenly': 3 97
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: abruptedly

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for abrupt meaning in English (25.3kB)

{
  "categories": [],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "abrupt appearance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "abrupt appearance theory"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "abruptic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "abruption"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "abruptly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "abruptness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nonabrupt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "theory of abrupt appearance"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "unabrupt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hrewp-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "abruptus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "broken off"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin abruptus (“broken off”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "abrumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "break off"
      },
      "expansion": "abrumpō (“break off”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ab",
        "3": "",
        "4": "from, away from"
      },
      "expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "rumpō (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more abrupt",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abrupter",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most abrupt",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abruptest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "more",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "abrupt (comparative more abrupt or abrupter, superlative most abrupt or abruptest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Broken away (from restraint)."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-adj-slkNGPm0",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, rare) Broken away (from restraint)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-adj-wsdR6Ui-",
      "links": [
        [
          "sudden",
          "sudden"
        ],
        [
          "hasty",
          "hasty"
        ],
        [
          "unceremonious",
          "unceremonious"
        ],
        [
          "William Shakespeare",
          "w:William Shakespeare"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 61 3 6 8 6 7",
          "sense": "without time to prepare",
          "word": "sudden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 76 0 14 0 3 3",
          "sense": "without transition",
          "word": "disconnected"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "4 76 0 14 0 3 3",
          "sense": "without transition",
          "word": "unexpected"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mubāḡit",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "⁧مُبَاغِت⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "mufājiʔ",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "⁧مُفَاجِئ⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "raptóŭny",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "рапто́ўны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "rjazǎk",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "рязък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vnezapen",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "внезапен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "abrupte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "pludselig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "uformodet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "abrupt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "plots"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "bruusk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "äkillinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "odottamaton"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "brusque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "precipité"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "abrupt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "jäh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "aifnídios",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "αιφνίδιος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "aprosdókitos",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "απροσδόκητος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "xafnikós",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ξαφνικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "tobann"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "improvviso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "inaspettato"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "abruptus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "nenádeen",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "нена́деен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "nágol",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "на́гол"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "mt",
          "lang": "Maltese",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "f’daqqa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "mt",
          "lang": "Maltese",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "ta’ malajr"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "ohotata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "whawhati tata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "brå"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "plutselig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "uventet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "nagłe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "abrupto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vnezápnyj",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "внеза́пный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "neožídannyj",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "неожи́данный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "nágao"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "nȅnādan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "ȉznenādan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "repentino"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "súbito"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "abrupto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "akasmāttugā",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "word": "అకస్మాత్తుగా"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "7 71 3 3 7 5 6",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "raptóvyj",
          "sense": "without notice",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "рапто́вий"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Curt in manner."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-adj-0Foutcnd",
      "links": [
        [
          "Curt",
          "curt"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "brusque"
        },
        {
          "word": "rude"
        },
        {
          "word": "uncivil"
        },
        {
          "word": "impolite"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 88 2 0 3 4",
          "sense": "uncivil",
          "word": "blunt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 3 88 2 0 3 4",
          "sense": "uncivil",
          "word": "brusque"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "rjazǎk",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "рязък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "bezceremonen",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "безцеремонен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "kortaf"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "bruusk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "töksähtävä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "karkea"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "brusque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "einsiblig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "wortkarg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "kurz angebunden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "apótomos",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "απότομος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "koftós",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "κοφτός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "bruska"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "gearrbhéalach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "óstar",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "о́стар"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "rézok",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "ре́зок"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "mt",
          "lang": "Maltese",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "ta’ mod goff"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "whakatumatuma"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "brå"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "skarp"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "rude"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "besceremónnyj",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "бесцеремо́нный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "rézkij",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "ре́зкий"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "ȍsōran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "abrupto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "cortante"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 1 88 1 3 2 3",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "curt in manner",
          "word": "swta"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-adj-kw1zzyNa",
      "links": [
        [
          "transitions",
          "transitions"
        ],
        [
          "unconnected",
          "unconnected"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "abrupte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "hortend"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "onsamenhangend"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "äkillinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "abrupt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "jäh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "asynechís",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ασυνεχής"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "abrupta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "bruska"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "discontinuo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "discontinua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "sconnesso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "sconnessa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "abruptus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "whawhati tata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "brå"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "plutselig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "abrupto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "8 20 3 53 3 10 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
          "word": "abrupto"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Broken off."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-adj-437Aho54",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Broken off."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Extremely steep or craggy as if broken up; precipitous."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-adj--8Ezwg0Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "steep",
          "steep"
        ],
        [
          "craggy",
          "craggy"
        ],
        [
          "precipitous",
          "precipitous"
        ],
        [
          "Keswick",
          "Keswick#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 23 1 16 0 59 1",
          "sense": "precipitous",
          "word": "broken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 23 1 16 0 59 1",
          "sense": "precipitous",
          "word": "rough"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 23 1 16 0 59 1",
          "sense": "precipitous",
          "word": "rugged"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "strǎmen",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "стръмен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "abrupte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "brat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "steil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "äkkijyrkkä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "abrupt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "abrupt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "jäh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "schroff"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "steil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "apókrimnos",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "απόκρημνος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "apótomos",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "απότομος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "talul",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "⁧תלול⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "abrupta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "eskarpa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "abruptus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "stŕmen",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "стр́мен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "mote"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "brå"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "bratt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "steil"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "abrupto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "abrupt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "krutój",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "круто́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obrývistyj",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "обры́вистый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "abrupto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 3 4 4 6 69 9",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "extremely steep",
          "word": "brusco"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Botany",
          "orig": "en:Botany",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-adj-mYjyRdQ7",
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "terminating",
          "terminating"
        ],
        [
          "cut off",
          "cut off"
        ],
        [
          "truncate",
          "truncate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "12 3 6 4 14 10 52",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "botany: truncated",
          "word": "afgeknot"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 3 6 4 14 10 52",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "botany: truncated",
          "word": "katkaistu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 3 6 4 14 10 52",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "botany: truncated",
          "word": "abgestumpft"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 3 6 4 14 10 52",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "botany: truncated",
          "word": "abrupto"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈbɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/æbˈɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌpt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg/En-us-abrupt.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sudden"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abrupt"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "abruptedly"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hrewp-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "abruptus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "broken off"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin abruptus (“broken off”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "abrumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "break off"
      },
      "expansion": "abrumpō (“break off”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ab",
        "3": "",
        "4": "from, away from"
      },
      "expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "rumpō (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "abrupts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abrupting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abrupted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abrupted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "abrupt (third-person singular simple present abrupts, present participle abrupting, simple past and past participle abrupted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To tear off or asunder."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-verb-hqGlcVcT",
      "links": [
        [
          "asunder",
          "asunder"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic) To tear off or asunder."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to tear off or asunder",
          "word": "afbreken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to tear off or asunder",
          "word": "scheiden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to tear off or asunder",
          "word": "erottaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to tear off or asunder",
          "word": "abscindir"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To interrupt suddenly."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-verb-PukvTHXk",
      "links": [
        [
          "interrupt",
          "interrupt"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 97",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to interrupt suddenly",
          "word": "keskeyttää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 97",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to interrupt suddenly",
          "word": "abscindir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 97",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to interrupt suddenly",
          "word": "interromper"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈbɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/æbˈɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌpt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg/En-us-abrupt.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abrupt"
}

{
  "categories": [],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hrewp-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "abruptus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "broken off"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin abruptus (“broken off”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "abrumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "break off"
      },
      "expansion": "abrumpō (“break off”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ab",
        "3": "",
        "4": "from, away from"
      },
      "expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "rumpō (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "abrupts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "abrupt (plural abrupts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Something which is abrupt; an abyss."
      ],
      "id": "en-abrupt-en-noun-CYyVM9KO",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "abrupt",
          "#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "abyss",
          "abyss"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) Something which is abrupt; an abyss."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "abyss",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kloof"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈbɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/æbˈɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌpt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg/En-us-abrupt.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abrupt"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Romanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Tamil translations",
    "Requests for review of Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "abrupt appearance"
    },
    {
      "word": "abrupt appearance theory"
    },
    {
      "word": "abruptic"
    },
    {
      "word": "abruption"
    },
    {
      "word": "abruptly"
    },
    {
      "word": "abruptness"
    },
    {
      "word": "nonabrupt"
    },
    {
      "word": "theory of abrupt appearance"
    },
    {
      "word": "unabrupt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hrewp-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "abruptus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "broken off"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin abruptus (“broken off”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "abrumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "break off"
      },
      "expansion": "abrumpō (“break off”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ab",
        "3": "",
        "4": "from, away from"
      },
      "expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "rumpō (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more abrupt",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abrupter",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most abrupt",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abruptest",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "more",
        "2": "er"
      },
      "expansion": "abrupt (comparative more abrupt or abrupter, superlative most abrupt or abruptest)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Broken away (from restraint)."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, rare) Broken away (from restraint)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "rare"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sudden",
          "sudden"
        ],
        [
          "hasty",
          "hasty"
        ],
        [
          "unceremonious",
          "unceremonious"
        ],
        [
          "William Shakespeare",
          "w:William Shakespeare"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Curt in manner."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Curt",
          "curt"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "brusque"
        },
        {
          "word": "rude"
        },
        {
          "word": "uncivil"
        },
        {
          "word": "impolite"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "transitions",
          "transitions"
        ],
        [
          "unconnected",
          "unconnected"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Broken off."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Broken off."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Extremely steep or craggy as if broken up; precipitous."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "steep",
          "steep"
        ],
        [
          "craggy",
          "craggy"
        ],
        [
          "precipitous",
          "precipitous"
        ],
        [
          "Keswick",
          "Keswick#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Botany"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "botany",
          "botany"
        ],
        [
          "terminating",
          "terminating"
        ],
        [
          "cut off",
          "cut off"
        ],
        [
          "truncate",
          "truncate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(botany) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "botany",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈbɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/æbˈɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌpt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg/En-us-abrupt.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "precipitous",
      "word": "broken"
    },
    {
      "sense": "precipitous",
      "word": "rough"
    },
    {
      "sense": "precipitous",
      "word": "rugged"
    },
    {
      "sense": "without time to prepare",
      "word": "sudden"
    },
    {
      "word": "sudden"
    },
    {
      "sense": "uncivil",
      "word": "blunt"
    },
    {
      "sense": "uncivil",
      "word": "brusque"
    },
    {
      "sense": "without transition",
      "word": "disconnected"
    },
    {
      "sense": "without transition",
      "word": "unexpected"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "strǎmen",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "стръмен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "abrupte"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "brat"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "steil"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "äkkijyrkkä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "abrupt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "abrupt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "jäh"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "schroff"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "steil"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apókrimnos",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "απόκρημνος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apótomos",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "απότομος"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "talul",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "⁧תלול⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "abrupta"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "eskarpa"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "abruptus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "stŕmen",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "стр́мен"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "mote"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "brå"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "bratt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "steil"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "abrupto"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "abrupt"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "krutój",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "круто́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obrývistyj",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "обры́вистый"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "abrupto"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "extremely steep",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mubāḡit",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "⁧مُبَاغِت⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "mufājiʔ",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "⁧مُفَاجِئ⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "raptóŭny",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "рапто́ўны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "rjazǎk",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "рязък"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vnezapen",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "внезапен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "abrupte"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "pludselig"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "uformodet"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "abrupt"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "plots"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "bruusk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "äkillinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "odottamaton"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "brusque"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "precipité"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "abrupt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "jäh"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "aifnídios",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "αιφνίδιος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "aprosdókitos",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "απροσδόκητος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "xafnikós",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ξαφνικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "tobann"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "improvviso"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "inaspettato"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "abruptus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "nenádeen",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "нена́деен"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "nágol",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "на́гол"
    },
    {
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "f’daqqa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "ta’ malajr"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "ohotata"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "whawhati tata"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "brå"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "plutselig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "uventet"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "nagłe"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "abrupto"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vnezápnyj",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "внеза́пный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "neožídannyj",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "неожи́данный"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "nágao"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "nȅnādan"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "ȉznenādan"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "repentino"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "súbito"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "abrupto"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "akasmāttugā",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "word": "అకస్మాత్తుగా"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "raptóvyj",
      "sense": "without notice",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "рапто́вий"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "rjazǎk",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "рязък"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "bezceremonen",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "безцеремонен"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "kortaf"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "bruusk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "töksähtävä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "karkea"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "brusque"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "einsiblig"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "wortkarg"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "kurz angebunden"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "apótomos",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "απότομος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "koftós",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κοφτός"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "bruska"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "gearrbhéalach"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "óstar",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "о́стар"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "rézok",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "ре́зок"
    },
    {
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "ta’ mod goff"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "whakatumatuma"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "brå"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "skarp"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "rude"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "besceremónnyj",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "бесцеремо́нный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "rézkij",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "ре́зкий"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "ȍsōran"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "abrupto"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "cortante"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "curt in manner",
      "word": "swta"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "abrupte"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "hortend"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "onsamenhangend"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "äkillinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "abrupt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "jäh"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "asynechís",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ασυνεχής"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "abrupta"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "bruska"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "discontinuo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "discontinua"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "sconnesso"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "sconnessa"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "abruptus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "whawhati tata"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "brå"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "plutselig"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "abrupto"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having sudden transitions from one state to next",
      "word": "abrupto"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "botany: truncated",
      "word": "afgeknot"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "botany: truncated",
      "word": "katkaistu"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "botany: truncated",
      "word": "abgestumpft"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "botany: truncated",
      "word": "abrupto"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abrupt"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Romanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Tamil translations",
    "Requests for review of Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "abruptedly"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hrewp-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "abruptus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "broken off"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin abruptus (“broken off”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "abrumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "break off"
      },
      "expansion": "abrumpō (“break off”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ab",
        "3": "",
        "4": "from, away from"
      },
      "expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "rumpō (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "abrupts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abrupting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abrupted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abrupted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "abrupt (third-person singular simple present abrupts, present participle abrupting, simple past and past participle abrupted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To tear off or asunder."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "asunder",
          "asunder"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, archaic) To tear off or asunder."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To interrupt suddenly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "interrupt",
          "interrupt"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈbɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/æbˈɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌpt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg/En-us-abrupt.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to tear off or asunder",
      "word": "afbreken"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to tear off or asunder",
      "word": "scheiden"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to tear off or asunder",
      "word": "erottaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to tear off or asunder",
      "word": "abscindir"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to interrupt suddenly",
      "word": "keskeyttää"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to interrupt suddenly",
      "word": "abscindir"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to interrupt suddenly",
      "word": "interromper"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abrupt"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Romanian translations",
    "Requests for review of Tamil translations",
    "Requests for review of Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*Hrewp-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "abruptus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "broken off"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin abruptus (“broken off”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "abrumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "break off"
      },
      "expansion": "abrumpō (“break off”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ab",
        "3": "",
        "4": "from, away from"
      },
      "expansion": "ab (“from, away from”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "rumpō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to break"
      },
      "expansion": "rumpō (“to break”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "abrupts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "abrupt (plural abrupts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English poetic terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something which is abrupt; an abyss."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ],
        [
          "abrupt",
          "#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "abyss",
          "abyss"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(poetic) Something which is abrupt; an abyss."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈbɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/æbˈɹʌpt/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʌpt"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg/En-us-abrupt.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "abyss",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kloof"
    }
  ],
  "word": "abrupt"
}
{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "abrupt/English/adj: 'expansion' should contain a non-empty string: {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*Hrewp-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Romanian translations\", \"Requests for review of Tamil translations\", \"Requests for review of Ukrainian translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abrupt appearance\"}, {\"word\": \"abrupt appearance theory\"}, {\"word\": \"abruptic\"}, {\"word\": \"abruption\"}, {\"word\": \"abruptly\"}, {\"word\": \"abruptness\"}, {\"word\": \"nonabrupt\"}, {\"word\": \"theory of abrupt appearance\"}, {\"word\": \"unabrupt\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*Hrewp-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"abruptus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"broken off\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin abruptus (\\u201cbroken off\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"abrump\\u014d\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"break off\"}, \"expansion\": \"abrump\\u014d (\\u201cbreak off\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"ab\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"from, away from\"}, \"expansion\": \"ab (\\u201cfrom, away from\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"rump\\u014d\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to break\"}, \"expansion\": \"rump\\u014d (\\u201cto break\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (\\u201cbroken off\\u201d), perfect passive participle of abrump\\u014d (\\u201cbreak off\\u201d), formed from ab (\\u201cfrom, away from\\u201d) + rump\\u014d (\\u201cto break\\u201d).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"more abrupt\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"abrupter\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most abrupt\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}, {\"form\": \"abruptest\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"more\", \"2\": \"er\"}, \"expansion\": \"abrupt (comparative more abrupt or abrupter, superlative most abrupt or abruptest)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with rare senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Broken away (from restraint).\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete, rare) Broken away (from restraint).\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"rare\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"glosses\": [\"Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious.\"], \"links\": [[\"sudden\", \"sudden\"], [\"hasty\", \"hasty\"], [\"unceremonious\", \"unceremonious\"], [\"William Shakespeare\", \"w:William Shakespeare\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Curt in manner.\"], \"links\": [[\"Curt\", \"curt\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"brusque\"}, {\"word\": \"rude\"}, {\"word\": \"uncivil\"}, {\"word\": \"impolite\"}]}, {\"glosses\": [\"Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed.\"], \"links\": [[\"transitions\", \"transitions\"], [\"unconnected\", \"unconnected\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\"], \"glosses\": [\"Broken off.\"], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(obsolete) Broken off.\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\"], \"glosses\": [\"Extremely steep or craggy as if broken up; precipitous.\"], \"links\": [[\"steep\", \"steep\"], [\"craggy\", \"craggy\"], [\"precipitous\", \"precipitous\"], [\"Keswick\", \"Keswick#English\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Botany\"], \"glosses\": [\"Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate.\"], \"links\": [[\"botany\", \"botany\"], [\"terminating\", \"terminating\"], [\"cut off\", \"cut off\"], [\"truncate\", \"truncate\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(botany) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off; truncate.\"], \"topics\": [\"biology\", \"botany\", \"natural-sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/\\u0259\\u02c8b\\u0279\\u028cpt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/\\u00e6b\\u02c8\\u0279\\u028cpt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-\\u028cpt\"}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-abrupt.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg/En-us-abrupt.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"precipitous\", \"word\": \"broken\"}, {\"sense\": \"precipitous\", \"word\": \"rough\"}, {\"sense\": \"precipitous\", \"word\": \"rugged\"}, {\"sense\": \"without time to prepare\", \"word\": \"sudden\"}, {\"word\": \"sudden\"}, {\"sense\": \"uncivil\", \"word\": \"blunt\"}, {\"sense\": \"uncivil\", \"word\": \"brusque\"}, {\"sense\": \"without transition\", \"word\": \"disconnected\"}, {\"sense\": \"without transition\", \"word\": \"unexpected\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"str\\u01cemen\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u044a\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"abrupte\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"brat\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"steil\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"\\u00e4kkijyrkk\\u00e4\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"abrupt\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"abrupt\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"j\\u00e4h\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"schroff\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"steil\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ap\\u00f3krimnos\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03b1\\u03c0\\u03cc\\u03ba\\u03c1\\u03b7\\u03bc\\u03bd\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ap\\u00f3tomos\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03b1\\u03c0\\u03cc\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03bc\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"talul\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u05ea\\u05dc\\u05d5\\u05dc\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"abrupta\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"eskarpa\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"brusco\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"abruptus\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"st\\u0155men\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0301\\u043c\\u0435\\u043d\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"mote\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"br\\u00e5\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"bratt\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"steil\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"brusco\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"abrupto\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"abrupt\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"krut\\u00f3j\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"\\u043a\\u0440\\u0443\\u0442\\u043e\\u0301\\u0439\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"obr\\u00fdvistyj\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u044b\\u0301\\u0432\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u044b\\u0439\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"abrupto\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"extremely steep\", \"word\": \"brusco\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"mub\\u0101\\u1e21it\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0645\\u064f\\u0628\\u064e\\u0627\\u063a\\u0650\\u062a\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"muf\\u0101ji\\u0294\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u2067\\u0645\\u064f\\u0641\\u064e\\u0627\\u062c\\u0650\\u0626\\u2069\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"rapt\\u00f3\\u016dny\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0440\\u0430\\u043f\\u0442\\u043e\\u0301\\u045e\\u043d\\u044b\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"rjaz\\u01cek\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"\\u0440\\u044f\\u0437\\u044a\\u043a\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"vnezapen\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"\\u0432\\u043d\\u0435\\u0437\\u0430\\u043f\\u0435\\u043d\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"abrupte\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"pludselig\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"uformodet\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"abrupt\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"plots\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"bruusk\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"\\u00e4killinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"odottamaton\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"brusque\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"precipit\\u00e9\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"abrupt\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"j\\u00e4h\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"aifn\\u00eddios\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03b1\\u03b9\\u03c6\\u03bd\\u03af\\u03b4\\u03b9\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"aprosd\\u00f3kitos\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03b1\\u03c0\\u03c1\\u03bf\\u03c3\\u03b4\\u03cc\\u03ba\\u03b7\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"xafnik\\u00f3s\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03be\\u03b1\\u03c6\\u03bd\\u03b9\\u03ba\\u03cc\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"tobann\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"brusco\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"improvviso\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"inaspettato\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"abruptus\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"nen\\u00e1deen\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\\u0430\\u0301\\u0434\\u0435\\u0435\\u043d\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"n\\u00e1gol\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"\\u043d\\u0430\\u0301\\u0433\\u043e\\u043b\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"f\\u2019daqqa\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"ta\\u2019 malajr\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"ohotata\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"whawhati tata\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"br\\u00e5\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"plutselig\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"uventet\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"nag\\u0142e\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"brusco\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"abrupto\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"vnez\\u00e1pnyj\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"\\u0432\\u043d\\u0435\\u0437\\u0430\\u0301\\u043f\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"neo\\u017e\\u00eddannyj\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"\\u043d\\u0435\\u043e\\u0436\\u0438\\u0301\\u0434\\u0430\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"n\\u00e1gao\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"n\\u0205n\\u0101dan\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"\\u0209znen\\u0101dan\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"repentino\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"s\\u00fabito\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"abrupto\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"akasm\\u0101ttug\\u0101\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"word\": \"\\u0c05\\u0c15\\u0c38\\u0c4d\\u0c2e\\u0c3e\\u0c24\\u0c4d\\u0c24\\u0c41\\u0c17\\u0c3e\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"rapt\\u00f3vyj\", \"sense\": \"without notice\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u0440\\u0430\\u043f\\u0442\\u043e\\u0301\\u0432\\u0438\\u0439\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"rjaz\\u01cek\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"\\u0440\\u044f\\u0437\\u044a\\u043a\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"bezceremonen\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"\\u0431\\u0435\\u0437\\u0446\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u043d\\u0435\\u043d\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"kortaf\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"bruusk\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"t\\u00f6ks\\u00e4ht\\u00e4v\\u00e4\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"karkea\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"brusque\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"einsiblig\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"wortkarg\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"kurz angebunden\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"ap\\u00f3tomos\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03b1\\u03c0\\u03cc\\u03c4\\u03bf\\u03bc\\u03bf\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"koft\\u00f3s\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03ba\\u03bf\\u03c6\\u03c4\\u03cc\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"bruska\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"gearrbh\\u00e9alach\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"\\u00f3star\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"\\u043e\\u0301\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430\\u0440\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"r\\u00e9zok\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"\\u0440\\u0435\\u0301\\u0437\\u043e\\u043a\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"ta\\u2019 mod goff\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"whakatumatuma\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"br\\u00e5\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"skarp\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"brusco\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"rude\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"bescerem\\u00f3nnyj\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"\\u0431\\u0435\\u0441\\u0446\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u043c\\u043e\\u0301\\u043d\\u043d\\u044b\\u0439\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"r\\u00e9zkij\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"\\u0440\\u0435\\u0301\\u0437\\u043a\\u0438\\u0439\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"\\u020ds\\u014dran\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"abrupto\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"brusco\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"cortante\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"curt in manner\", \"word\": \"swta\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"abrupte\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"hortend\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"onsamenhangend\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"\\u00e4killinen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"abrupt\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"j\\u00e4h\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"asynech\\u00eds\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"\\u03b1\\u03c3\\u03c5\\u03bd\\u03b5\\u03c7\\u03ae\\u03c2\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"abrupta\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"bruska\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"discontinuo\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"discontinua\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"sconnesso\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"sconnessa\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"abruptus\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"whawhati tata\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"br\\u00e5\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokm\\u00e5l\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"plutselig\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"brusco\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"abrupto\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"brusco\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"having sudden transitions from one state to next\", \"word\": \"abrupto\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"botany: truncated\", \"word\": \"afgeknot\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"botany: truncated\", \"word\": \"katkaistu\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"botany: truncated\", \"word\": \"abgestumpft\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"botany: truncated\", \"word\": \"abrupto\"}], \"word\": \"abrupt\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adj",
  "title": "abrupt",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "abrupt/English/verb: 'expansion' should contain a non-empty string: {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*Hrewp-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Romanian translations\", \"Requests for review of Tamil translations\", \"Requests for review of Ukrainian translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"abruptedly\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*Hrewp-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"abruptus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"broken off\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin abruptus (\\u201cbroken off\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"abrump\\u014d\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"break off\"}, \"expansion\": \"abrump\\u014d (\\u201cbreak off\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"ab\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"from, away from\"}, \"expansion\": \"ab (\\u201cfrom, away from\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"rump\\u014d\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to break\"}, \"expansion\": \"rump\\u014d (\\u201cto break\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (\\u201cbroken off\\u201d), perfect passive participle of abrump\\u014d (\\u201cbreak off\\u201d), formed from ab (\\u201cfrom, away from\\u201d) + rump\\u014d (\\u201cto break\\u201d).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abrupts\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"abrupting\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"abrupted\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"abrupted\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abrupt (third-person singular simple present abrupts, present participle abrupting, simple past and past participle abrupted)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with archaic senses\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"glosses\": [\"To tear off or asunder.\"], \"links\": [[\"asunder\", \"asunder\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, archaic) To tear off or asunder.\"], \"tags\": [\"archaic\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"glosses\": [\"To interrupt suddenly.\"], \"links\": [[\"interrupt\", \"interrupt\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/\\u0259\\u02c8b\\u0279\\u028cpt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/\\u00e6b\\u02c8\\u0279\\u028cpt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-\\u028cpt\"}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-abrupt.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg/En-us-abrupt.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to tear off or asunder\", \"word\": \"afbreken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"to tear off or asunder\", \"word\": \"scheiden\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to tear off or asunder\", \"word\": \"erottaa\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to tear off or asunder\", \"word\": \"abscindir\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"to interrupt suddenly\", \"word\": \"keskeytt\\u00e4\\u00e4\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to interrupt suddenly\", \"word\": \"abscindir\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"to interrupt suddenly\", \"word\": \"interromper\"}], \"word\": \"abrupt\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "abrupt",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "abrupt/English/noun: 'expansion' should contain a non-empty string: {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*Hrewp-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}: {\"categories\": [\"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Romanian translations\", \"Requests for review of Tamil translations\", \"Requests for review of Ukrainian translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*Hrewp-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"abruptus\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"broken off\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin abruptus (\\u201cbroken off\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"bor\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"abrump\\u014d\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"break off\"}, \"expansion\": \"abrump\\u014d (\\u201cbreak off\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"ab\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"from, away from\"}, \"expansion\": \"ab (\\u201cfrom, away from\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"rump\\u014d\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to break\"}, \"expansion\": \"rump\\u014d (\\u201cto break\\u201d)\", \"name\": \"m\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (\\u201cbroken off\\u201d), perfect passive participle of abrump\\u014d (\\u201cbreak off\\u201d), formed from ab (\\u201cfrom, away from\\u201d) + rump\\u014d (\\u201cto break\\u201d).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"abrupts\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"abrupt (plural abrupts)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English poetic terms\"], \"glosses\": [\"Something which is abrupt; an abyss.\"], \"links\": [[\"poetic\", \"poetic\"], [\"abrupt\", \"#Adjective\"], [\"abyss\", \"abyss\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(poetic) Something which is abrupt; an abyss.\"], \"tags\": [\"poetic\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/\\u0259\\u02c8b\\u0279\\u028cpt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/\\u00e6b\\u02c8\\u0279\\u028cpt/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"rhymes\": \"-\\u028cpt\"}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-abrupt.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg/En-us-abrupt.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/En-us-abrupt.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"US\"], \"text\": \"Audio (US)\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"abyss\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"kloof\"}], \"word\": \"abrupt\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "abrupt",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "extractor.en.page.sense_template_fn/1415",
  "msg": "Example template is used for gloss text",
  "path": [
    "abrupt",
    "ux"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "abrupt",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.