See Romance in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "romanz",
"4": "",
"5": "vernacular language (of France)"
},
"expansion": "Old French romanz (“vernacular language (of France)”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "rōmānicē"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin rōmānicē",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rōmānicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rōmānicus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French romanz (“vernacular language (of France)”), from Late Latin rōmānicē, from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus + -icus. Extended in the 17th century to all languages derived from Latin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Romance (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Proto-Romance"
},
{
"word": "Romance Neolatino"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2024, Wolfgang David Cirilo de Melo, Latin Linguistics: An Introduction, Walter de Gruyter: Berlin/Boston, p. 59f.",
"text": "The Romance languages are normally grouped along broad geographical lines into Italo-Romance (Italian dialects, with a standard based on Tuscan); Gallo-Romance (French and Provençal); Hispano-Romance (Castilian Spanish, Catalan as less widely recognized standard, and Portuguese); Rhaeto-Romance (Romansh, Ladin, and Friulian); and Balkan Romance (Dalmatian, now extinct, and Romanian). … Proto-Romance was a purely spoken language, and we should at least in principle keep it separate from Vulgar Latin."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The group of languages and cultures which are derived from Vulgar Latin."
],
"id": "en-Romance-en-noun-4ecEwey2",
"links": [
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"Vulgar Latin",
"Vulgar Latin"
]
],
"meronyms": [
{
"sense": "Proto-Continental Romance",
"word": "Proto-Eastern Romance"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Western Romance, Proto-Western-Romance",
"word": "Proto-Gallo-Romance"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Western Romance, Proto-Western-Romance",
"word": "Proto-Ibero-Romance"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italo-Western Romance",
"word": "Proto-Italo-Romance"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Daco-Romanian"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Istro-Romanian"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Macedo-Romanian = Aromanian = Arumanian"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Megleno-Romanian"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Moldovan"
},
{
"sense": "Catalan (sometimes included in Ibero-Romance, sometimes in Occitano-Romance and sometimes as a bridge language between Ibero- and Gallo-Romance)",
"word": "Old Catalan"
},
{
"sense": "Catalan (sometimes included in Ibero-Romance, sometimes in Occitano-Romance and sometimes as a bridge language between Ibero- and Gallo-Romance)",
"word": "Algherese"
},
{
"sense": "Catalan (sometimes included in Ibero-Romance, sometimes in Occitano-Romance and sometimes as a bridge language between Ibero- and Gallo-Romance)",
"word": "Valencian"
},
{
"alt": "Majorcan",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
],
"word": "Mallorcan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Balearic"
],
"word": "Mallorquin"
},
{
"alt": "Menorcan",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
],
"word": "Minorcan"
},
{
"tags": [
"French"
],
"word": "Old French – Middle French – New French"
},
{
"alt": "not generally used; includes Catalan and Occitan",
"word": "Occitano-Romance"
},
{
"word": "Gallurese"
},
{
"word": "Sassarese"
},
{
"word": "Dalmatian"
},
{
"word": "Istro-Romance = Istriot"
},
{
"word": "Pannonian"
},
{
"roman": "Arpetan",
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Franco-Provençal = Arpitan"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Bourguignon"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Champenois"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Gallo"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Norman"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Picard"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Poitevin"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Walloon"
},
{
"sense": "Astur-Leonese",
"word": "Asturian"
},
{
"sense": "Astur-Leonese",
"word": "Leonese"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Cantabrian"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Extremaduran"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Fala"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Galician"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Mirandese"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Mozarabic"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Portuguese"
},
{
"sense": "Navarro-Aragonese",
"word": "Aragonese"
},
{
"sense": "Spanish = Castilian",
"word": "Old Spanish"
},
{
"sense": "Spanish = Castilian",
"word": "Andalusian"
},
{
"english": "Judeo-Spanish",
"sense": "Spanish = Castilian",
"word": "Judaeo-Spanish = Ladino"
},
{
"sense": "Spanish = Castilian",
"word": "Mexican"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Calabrian"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Gallo-Italian"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Gallo-Italic"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Sicilian"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Venetian"
},
{
"sense": "Italian",
"word": "Old Italian"
},
{
"english": "Judeo-Italian",
"sense": "Italian",
"word": "Italkian"
},
{
"sense": "Neapolitan",
"word": "Tarantino"
},
{
"sense": "Gascon, Gascon Occitan",
"word": "Aranese"
},
{
"sense": "Occitan = Provençal (broad sense) (sometimes included in Gallo-Romance and sometimes in Occitano-Romance)",
"word": "Languedocian"
},
{
"sense": "Occitan = Provençal (broad sense) (sometimes included in Gallo-Romance and sometimes in Occitano-Romance)",
"word": "Niçois"
},
{
"sense": "Occitan = Provençal (broad sense) (sometimes included in Gallo-Romance and sometimes in Occitano-Romance)",
"tags": [
"strict-sense"
],
"word": "Provençal"
},
{
"sense": "Occitan = Provençal (broad sense) (sometimes included in Gallo-Romance and sometimes in Occitano-Romance)",
"word": "Judeo-Provençal = Shuadit"
},
{
"sense": "Rhaeto-Romance (Raeto-Romance, Rheto-Romance) = Rhaetian = Alpine Romance",
"word": "Friulian"
},
{
"sense": "Rhaeto-Romance (Raeto-Romance, Rheto-Romance) = Rhaetian = Alpine Romance",
"word": "Ladin"
},
{
"sense": "Rhaeto-Romance (Raeto-Romance, Rheto-Romance) = Rhaetian = Alpine Romance",
"word": "Romansch"
},
{
"sense": "Sardinian, Sard",
"word": "Campidanese"
},
{
"sense": "Sardinian, Sard",
"word": "Campidanese Sardinian"
},
{
"sense": "Sardinian, Sard",
"word": "Logudorese"
},
{
"sense": "Sardinian, Sard",
"word": "Nuorese"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "group of languages and cultures which are derived from Vulgar Latin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Romanisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "romanikés glósses",
"sense": "group of languages and cultures which are derived from Vulgar Latin",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ρομανικές γλώσσες"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Romance"
],
"word": "Romance"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "romanz",
"4": "",
"5": "vernacular language (of France)"
},
"expansion": "Old French romanz (“vernacular language (of France)”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "rōmānicē"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin rōmānicē",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rōmānicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rōmānicus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French romanz (“vernacular language (of France)”), from Late Latin rōmānicē, from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus + -icus. Extended in the 17th century to all languages derived from Latin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "Romance",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scots translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Language families",
"orig": "en:Language families",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pan-Romance"
},
{
"word": "Romance language"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Eulàlia Bonet and Joan Mascaró, On the representation of contrasting rhotics, in: 1997, Fernando Martínez-Gil, Alfonso Morales-Front (eds.), Issues in the Phonology and Morphology of the Major Iberian Languages, p. 103ff., here p. 103",
"text": "In this paper we will concentrate on the problem posed by Iberian Romance languages (i.e. Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish), …"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin: French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Galician, Romanian, Catalan, Occitan, etc."
],
"id": "en-Romance-en-adj-JXFZ5ysU",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin"
],
[
"French",
"French"
],
[
"Italian",
"Italian"
],
[
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanish"
],
[
"Galician",
"Galician"
],
[
"Romanian",
"Romanian"
],
[
"Catalan",
"Catalan"
],
[
"Occitan",
"Occitan"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Romanicist"
},
{
"word": "Romantic"
},
{
"word": "Romanticism"
},
{
"word": "Italic"
},
{
"word": "Latin"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Romanic"
},
{
"word": "Romantic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "roman"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rōmansiyy",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "رُومَانْسِيّ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lātīni",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "لاتيني"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rōmāni",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "روماني"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ṙomanakan",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ռոմանական"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ramánski",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "рама́нскі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "románski",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "рома́нски"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romànic"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "羅曼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "luómàn",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "罗曼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "羅馬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Luómǎ",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "罗马"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lādīng",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "拉丁"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "románský"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romansk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "Romaans"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romaaninen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "roman"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "románico"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "romanikós",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ρομανικός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "újlatin"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "rómanskur"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanic"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romance"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanzo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanico"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "neolatino"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "romansu",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ロマンス"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "roman",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ロマン"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rōman",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ローマン"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "raten",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ラテン"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "romangseu",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "로망스"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "rōmānicus"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romansk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romansk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanic"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romański"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "românico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "románskij",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "рома́нский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "latínskij",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "лати́нский"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "Romance"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "románsky"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanski"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "románico"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romance"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romansk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "románsʹkyj",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "рома́нський"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "Rôman"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Romance"
],
"word": "Romance"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Language families"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Proto-Romance"
},
{
"word": "Romance Neolatino"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "romanz",
"4": "",
"5": "vernacular language (of France)"
},
"expansion": "Old French romanz (“vernacular language (of France)”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "rōmānicē"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin rōmānicē",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rōmānicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rōmānicus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French romanz (“vernacular language (of France)”), from Late Latin rōmānicē, from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus + -icus. Extended in the 17th century to all languages derived from Latin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Romance (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"meronyms": [
{
"sense": "Proto-Continental Romance",
"word": "Proto-Eastern Romance"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Western Romance, Proto-Western-Romance",
"word": "Proto-Gallo-Romance"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Western Romance, Proto-Western-Romance",
"word": "Proto-Ibero-Romance"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italo-Western Romance",
"word": "Proto-Italo-Romance"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Daco-Romanian"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Istro-Romanian"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Macedo-Romanian = Aromanian = Arumanian"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Megleno-Romanian"
},
{
"sense": "Romanian = Wallachian",
"word": "Moldovan"
},
{
"sense": "Catalan (sometimes included in Ibero-Romance, sometimes in Occitano-Romance and sometimes as a bridge language between Ibero- and Gallo-Romance)",
"word": "Old Catalan"
},
{
"sense": "Catalan (sometimes included in Ibero-Romance, sometimes in Occitano-Romance and sometimes as a bridge language between Ibero- and Gallo-Romance)",
"word": "Algherese"
},
{
"alt": "Majorcan",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
],
"word": "Mallorcan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Balearic"
],
"word": "Mallorquin"
},
{
"alt": "Menorcan",
"tags": [
"Balearic"
],
"word": "Minorcan"
},
{
"sense": "Catalan (sometimes included in Ibero-Romance, sometimes in Occitano-Romance and sometimes as a bridge language between Ibero- and Gallo-Romance)",
"word": "Valencian"
},
{
"roman": "Arpetan",
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Franco-Provençal = Arpitan"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Bourguignon"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Champenois"
},
{
"tags": [
"French"
],
"word": "Old French – Middle French – New French"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Gallo"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Norman"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Picard"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Poitevin"
},
{
"sense": "Gallo-Romance",
"word": "Walloon"
},
{
"sense": "Astur-Leonese",
"word": "Asturian"
},
{
"sense": "Astur-Leonese",
"word": "Leonese"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Cantabrian"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Extremaduran"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Fala"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Galician"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Mirandese"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Mozarabic"
},
{
"sense": "Navarro-Aragonese",
"word": "Aragonese"
},
{
"sense": "Ibero-Romance, Iberian Romance = Hispano-Romance",
"word": "Portuguese"
},
{
"sense": "Spanish = Castilian",
"word": "Old Spanish"
},
{
"sense": "Spanish = Castilian",
"word": "Andalusian"
},
{
"english": "Judeo-Spanish",
"sense": "Spanish = Castilian",
"word": "Judaeo-Spanish = Ladino"
},
{
"sense": "Spanish = Castilian",
"word": "Mexican"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Calabrian"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Gallo-Italian"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Gallo-Italic"
},
{
"sense": "Italian",
"word": "Old Italian"
},
{
"english": "Judeo-Italian",
"sense": "Italian",
"word": "Italkian"
},
{
"sense": "Neapolitan",
"word": "Tarantino"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Sicilian"
},
{
"sense": "Italo-Romance",
"word": "Venetian"
},
{
"sense": "Gascon, Gascon Occitan",
"word": "Aranese"
},
{
"sense": "Occitan = Provençal (broad sense) (sometimes included in Gallo-Romance and sometimes in Occitano-Romance)",
"word": "Languedocian"
},
{
"sense": "Occitan = Provençal (broad sense) (sometimes included in Gallo-Romance and sometimes in Occitano-Romance)",
"word": "Niçois"
},
{
"sense": "Occitan = Provençal (broad sense) (sometimes included in Gallo-Romance and sometimes in Occitano-Romance)",
"tags": [
"strict-sense"
],
"word": "Provençal"
},
{
"sense": "Occitan = Provençal (broad sense) (sometimes included in Gallo-Romance and sometimes in Occitano-Romance)",
"word": "Judeo-Provençal = Shuadit"
},
{
"alt": "not generally used; includes Catalan and Occitan",
"word": "Occitano-Romance"
},
{
"sense": "Rhaeto-Romance (Raeto-Romance, Rheto-Romance) = Rhaetian = Alpine Romance",
"word": "Friulian"
},
{
"sense": "Rhaeto-Romance (Raeto-Romance, Rheto-Romance) = Rhaetian = Alpine Romance",
"word": "Ladin"
},
{
"sense": "Rhaeto-Romance (Raeto-Romance, Rheto-Romance) = Rhaetian = Alpine Romance",
"word": "Romansch"
},
{
"sense": "Sardinian, Sard",
"word": "Campidanese"
},
{
"sense": "Sardinian, Sard",
"word": "Campidanese Sardinian"
},
{
"sense": "Sardinian, Sard",
"word": "Logudorese"
},
{
"sense": "Sardinian, Sard",
"word": "Nuorese"
},
{
"word": "Gallurese"
},
{
"word": "Sassarese"
},
{
"word": "Dalmatian"
},
{
"word": "Istro-Romance = Istriot"
},
{
"word": "Pannonian"
}
],
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2024, Wolfgang David Cirilo de Melo, Latin Linguistics: An Introduction, Walter de Gruyter: Berlin/Boston, p. 59f.",
"text": "The Romance languages are normally grouped along broad geographical lines into Italo-Romance (Italian dialects, with a standard based on Tuscan); Gallo-Romance (French and Provençal); Hispano-Romance (Castilian Spanish, Catalan as less widely recognized standard, and Portuguese); Rhaeto-Romance (Romansh, Ladin, and Friulian); and Balkan Romance (Dalmatian, now extinct, and Romanian). … Proto-Romance was a purely spoken language, and we should at least in principle keep it separate from Vulgar Latin."
}
],
"glosses": [
"The group of languages and cultures which are derived from Vulgar Latin."
],
"links": [
[
"derive",
"derive"
],
[
"Vulgar Latin",
"Vulgar Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "group of languages and cultures which are derived from Vulgar Latin",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Romanisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "romanikés glósses",
"sense": "group of languages and cultures which are derived from Vulgar Latin",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ρομανικές γλώσσες"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Romance"
],
"word": "Romance"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hijazi Arabic translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scots translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Language families"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pan-Romance"
},
{
"word": "Romance language"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "romanz",
"4": "",
"5": "vernacular language (of France)"
},
"expansion": "Old French romanz (“vernacular language (of France)”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "rōmānicē"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin rōmānicē",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rōmānicus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rōmānicus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French romanz (“vernacular language (of France)”), from Late Latin rōmānicē, from Latin rōmānicus < rōmānus + -icus. Extended in the 17th century to all languages derived from Latin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "Romance",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "Romanicist"
},
{
"word": "Romantic"
},
{
"word": "Romanticism"
},
{
"word": "Italic"
},
{
"word": "Latin"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Eulàlia Bonet and Joan Mascaró, On the representation of contrasting rhotics, in: 1997, Fernando Martínez-Gil, Alfonso Morales-Front (eds.), Issues in the Phonology and Morphology of the Major Iberian Languages, p. 103ff., here p. 103",
"text": "In this paper we will concentrate on the problem posed by Iberian Romance languages (i.e. Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish), …"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin: French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Galician, Romanian, Catalan, Occitan, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"culture",
"culture"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin"
],
[
"French",
"French"
],
[
"Italian",
"Italian"
],
[
"Portuguese",
"Portuguese"
],
[
"Spanish",
"Spanish"
],
[
"Galician",
"Galician"
],
[
"Romanian",
"Romanian"
],
[
"Catalan",
"Catalan"
],
[
"Occitan",
"Occitan"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Romanic"
},
{
"word": "Romantic"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "roman"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rōmansiyy",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "رُومَانْسِيّ"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "lātīni",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "لاتيني"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "rōmāni",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic"
],
"word": "روماني"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ṙomanakan",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ռոմանական"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "ramánski",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "рама́нскі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "románski",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "рома́нски"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romànic"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "羅曼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "luómàn",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "罗曼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "羅馬"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Luómǎ",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "罗马"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lādīng",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "拉丁"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "románský"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romansk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "Romaans"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romaaninen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "roman"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "románico"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "romanikós",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ρομανικός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "újlatin"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "rómanskur"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanic"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romance"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanzo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanico"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "neolatino"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "romansu",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ロマンス"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "roman",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ロマン"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rōman",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ローマン"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "raten",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "ラテン"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "romangseu",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "로망스"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "rōmānicus"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romansk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romansk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanic"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romański"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "românico"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanic"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "románskij",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "рома́нский"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "latínskij",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "лати́нский"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "Romance"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "románsky"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romanski"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "románico"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romance"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "romansk"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "románsʹkyj",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "рома́нський"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin",
"word": "Rôman"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Romance"
],
"word": "Romance"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Romance meaning in English (20.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.