"困苦" meaning in Chinese

See 困苦 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/, /kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/, /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/, /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/, /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/, /kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/, /kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/ Chinese transliterations: kùnkǔ [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ [Mandarin, bopomofo], kwan³ fu² [Cantonese, Jyutping], khùn-khó͘, kùnkǔ [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], kùnkǔ [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], kʻun⁴-kʻu³ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], kwùn-kǔ [Mandarin, Yale], kuennkuu [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], куньку [Mandarin, Palladius], kunʹku [Mandarin, Palladius], kwan fú [Cantonese, Yale], kwan³ fu² [Cantonese, Pinyin], kuen³ fu² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], khùn-khó͘ [Hokkien, POJ], khùn-khóo [Hokkien, Tai-lo], quonqor [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Head templates: {{head|zh|adjective}} 困苦
  1. harrowing; miserable
    Sense id: en-困苦-zh-adj-iFO0BFGA Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 75 25 Synonyms: [in-compounds, literary], 困乏 (kùnfá) [formal], 困窘 (kùnjiǒng), 困窮 (kùnqióng), 困穷 (kùnqióng), 困難, 困难, 困頓 (kùndùn), 困顿 (kùndùn), 宋凶 [Hokkien], [Hokkien], 散凶 [Hokkien], 散赤 [Hokkien], 清苦 (qīngkǔ) [especially], 淡薄 (dànbó) [literary], 清貧 (qīngpín) [especially], 清贫 (qīngpín) [especially], 㾪赤 [Hokkien], [Teochew], [Teochew], 䆀康 [Hokkien], 空乏 (kòngfá) [literary], , 窘促 (jiǒngcù) [literary], 窘困 (jiǒngkùn), 窘迫 (jiǒngpò), (qióng), (qióng), 窮乏 (qióngfá) [literary], 穷乏 (qióngfá) [literary], 窮困 (qióngkùn), 穷困 (qióngkùn), 窮㾪 [Hokkien], 穷㾪 [Hokkien], 窮苦 (qióngkǔ), 穷苦 (qióngkǔ), 窮赤 [Hokkien], 穷赤 [Hokkien], 艱苦 [Hokkien], 艰苦 [Hokkien], 苦寒 (kǔhán), 貧乏 (pínfá), 贫乏 (pínfá), 貧困 (pínkùn), 贫困 (pínkùn), 貧寒 (pínhán), 贫寒 (pínhán), 貧瘠 (pínjí) [literary], 贫瘠 (pínjí) [literary], 貧窮 (pínqióng), 贫穷 (pínqióng), 貧苦 (pínkǔ), 贫苦 (pínkǔ)

Noun

IPA: /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/, /kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/, /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/, /kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/, /kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/, /kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/, /kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/ Chinese transliterations: kùnkǔ [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ [Mandarin, bopomofo], kwan³ fu² [Cantonese, Jyutping], khùn-khó͘, kùnkǔ [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], kùnkǔ [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], kʻun⁴-kʻu³ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], kwùn-kǔ [Mandarin, Yale], kuennkuu [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], куньку [Mandarin, Palladius], kunʹku [Mandarin, Palladius], kwan fú [Cantonese, Yale], kwan³ fu² [Cantonese, Pinyin], kuen³ fu² [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], khùn-khó͘ [Hokkien, POJ], khùn-khóo [Hokkien, Tai-lo], quonqor [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 困苦
  1. hardship; suffering; ordeal Synonyms: 患難 (huànnàn), 患难 (huànnàn), 憂患 (yōuhuàn), 忧患 (yōuhuàn), 磨難 (mónàn), 磨难 (mónàn), 風浪 (fēnglàng) [figuratively], 风浪 (fēnglàng) [figuratively], 魔障 (mózhàng) [figuratively] Derived forms: 艱難困苦 (jiānnánkùnkǔ), 艰难困苦 (jiānnánkùnkǔ), 顛連困苦, 颠连困苦
    Sense id: en-困苦-zh-noun-AkRx88zp

Download JSON data for 困苦 meaning in Chinese (9.6kB)

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "困苦",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "75 25",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "harrowing; miserable"
      ],
      "id": "en-困苦-zh-adj-iFO0BFGA",
      "links": [
        [
          "harrowing",
          "harrowing"
        ],
        [
          "miserable",
          "miserable"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "in-compounds",
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "厄"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùnfá",
          "tags": [
            "formal"
          ],
          "word": "困乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùnjiǒng",
          "word": "困窘"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùnqióng",
          "word": "困窮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùnqióng",
          "word": "困穷"
        },
        {
          "word": "困難"
        },
        {
          "word": "困难"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùndùn",
          "word": "困頓"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kùndùn",
          "word": "困顿"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "宋凶"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "散"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "散凶"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "散赤"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "of scholars and intellectuals"
          ],
          "roman": "qīngkǔ",
          "tags": [
            "especially"
          ],
          "word": "清苦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dànbó",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "淡薄"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "of scholars and intellectuals"
          ],
          "roman": "qīngpín",
          "tags": [
            "especially"
          ],
          "word": "清貧"
        },
        {
          "raw_tags": [
            "of scholars and intellectuals"
          ],
          "roman": "qīngpín",
          "tags": [
            "especially"
          ],
          "word": "清贫"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "㾪赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Teochew"
          ],
          "word": "磽"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Teochew"
          ],
          "word": "硗"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "䆀康"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kòngfá",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "空乏"
        },
        {
          "word": "窄"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǒngcù",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "窘促"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǒngkùn",
          "word": "窘困"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiǒngpò",
          "word": "窘迫"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióng",
          "word": "窮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióng",
          "word": "穷"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngfá",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "窮乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngfá",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "穷乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngkùn",
          "word": "窮困"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngkùn",
          "word": "穷困"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "窮㾪"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "穷㾪"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngkǔ",
          "word": "窮苦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qióngkǔ",
          "word": "穷苦"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "窮赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "穷赤"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "艱苦"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "艰苦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kǔhán",
          "word": "苦寒"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínfá",
          "word": "貧乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínfá",
          "word": "贫乏"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkùn",
          "word": "貧困"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkùn",
          "word": "贫困"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínhán",
          "word": "貧寒"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínhán",
          "word": "贫寒"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínjí",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "貧瘠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínjí",
          "tags": [
            "literary"
          ],
          "word": "贫瘠"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínqióng",
          "word": "貧窮"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínqióng",
          "word": "贫穷"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkǔ",
          "word": "貧苦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "pínkǔ",
          "word": "贫苦"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khó͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-kʻu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwùn-kǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuennkuu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "куньку"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kunʹku"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan fú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuen³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khó͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khóo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "quonqor"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "困苦"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "困苦"
          },
          "expansion": "困苦",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "困%苦",
            "2": "こん%く",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "困(こん)苦(く) (konku)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "곤고(困苦)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 곤고(困苦) (gon'go)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "khốn khổ",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "困苦"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khốn khổ (困苦)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "困苦",
            "2": "こん%く",
            "3": "곤고",
            "4": "khốn khổ",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "困苦",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "困苦",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "困%苦",
            "v": "困苦",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (困苦):\n* → Japanese: 困(こん)苦(く) (konku)\n* → Korean: 곤고(困苦) (gon'go)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn khổ (困苦)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "こん%く",
            "3": "곤고",
            "4": "khốn khổ",
            "j": "困%苦"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (困苦):\n* → Japanese: 困(こん)苦(く) (konku)\n* → Korean: 곤고(困苦) (gon'go)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn khổ (困苦)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (困苦):\n* → Japanese: 困(こん)苦(く) (konku)\n* → Korean: 곤고(困苦) (gon'go)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn khổ (困苦)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "困苦",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "jiānnánkùnkǔ",
          "word": "艱難困苦"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiānnánkùnkǔ",
          "word": "艰难困苦"
        },
        {
          "word": "顛連困苦"
        },
        {
          "word": "颠连困苦"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hardship; suffering; ordeal"
      ],
      "id": "en-困苦-zh-noun-AkRx88zp",
      "links": [
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "ordeal",
          "ordeal"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "huànnàn",
          "word": "患難"
        },
        {
          "roman": "huànnàn",
          "word": "患难"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yōuhuàn",
          "word": "憂患"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yōuhuàn",
          "word": "忧患"
        },
        {
          "roman": "mónàn",
          "word": "磨難"
        },
        {
          "roman": "mónàn",
          "word": "磨难"
        },
        {
          "roman": "fēnglàng",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "風浪"
        },
        {
          "roman": "fēnglàng",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "风浪"
        },
        {
          "roman": "mózhàng",
          "tags": [
            "figuratively"
          ],
          "word": "魔障"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khó͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-kʻu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwùn-kǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuennkuu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "куньку"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kunʹku"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan fú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuen³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khó͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khóo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "quonqor"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "困苦"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "困苦",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "harrowing; miserable"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harrowing",
          "harrowing"
        ],
        [
          "miserable",
          "miserable"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khó͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-kʻu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwùn-kǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuennkuu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "куньку"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kunʹku"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan fú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuen³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khó͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khóo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "quonqor"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "厄"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùnfá",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "困乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùnjiǒng",
      "word": "困窘"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùnqióng",
      "word": "困窮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùnqióng",
      "word": "困穷"
    },
    {
      "word": "困難"
    },
    {
      "word": "困难"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùndùn",
      "word": "困頓"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kùndùn",
      "word": "困顿"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "宋凶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "散"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "散凶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "散赤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of scholars and intellectuals"
      ],
      "roman": "qīngkǔ",
      "tags": [
        "especially"
      ],
      "word": "清苦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dànbó",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "淡薄"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of scholars and intellectuals"
      ],
      "roman": "qīngpín",
      "tags": [
        "especially"
      ],
      "word": "清貧"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "of scholars and intellectuals"
      ],
      "roman": "qīngpín",
      "tags": [
        "especially"
      ],
      "word": "清贫"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "㾪赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "磽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "硗"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "䆀康"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kòngfá",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "空乏"
    },
    {
      "word": "窄"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiǒngcù",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "窘促"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiǒngkùn",
      "word": "窘困"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiǒngpò",
      "word": "窘迫"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióng",
      "word": "窮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióng",
      "word": "穷"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngfá",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "窮乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngfá",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "穷乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngkùn",
      "word": "窮困"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngkùn",
      "word": "穷困"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "窮㾪"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "穷㾪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngkǔ",
      "word": "窮苦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qióngkǔ",
      "word": "穷苦"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "窮赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "穷赤"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "艱苦"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "艰苦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kǔhán",
      "word": "苦寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínfá",
      "word": "貧乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínfá",
      "word": "贫乏"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkùn",
      "word": "貧困"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkùn",
      "word": "贫困"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínhán",
      "word": "貧寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínhán",
      "word": "贫寒"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínjí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "貧瘠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínjí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "贫瘠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínqióng",
      "word": "貧窮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínqióng",
      "word": "贫穷"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkǔ",
      "word": "貧苦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínkǔ",
      "word": "贫苦"
    }
  ],
  "word": "困苦"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Advanced Mandarin",
    "Chinese adjectives",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "jiānnánkùnkǔ",
      "word": "艱難困苦"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiānnánkùnkǔ",
      "word": "艰难困苦"
    },
    {
      "word": "顛連困苦"
    },
    {
      "word": "颠连困苦"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "困苦"
          },
          "expansion": "困苦",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "困%苦",
            "2": "こん%く",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "困(こん)苦(く) (konku)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "곤고(困苦)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 곤고(困苦) (gon'go)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "khốn khổ",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "困苦"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: khốn khổ (困苦)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "困苦",
            "2": "こん%く",
            "3": "곤고",
            "4": "khốn khổ",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "困苦",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "困苦",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "困%苦",
            "v": "困苦",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (困苦):\n* → Japanese: 困(こん)苦(く) (konku)\n* → Korean: 곤고(困苦) (gon'go)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn khổ (困苦)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "こん%く",
            "3": "곤고",
            "4": "khốn khổ",
            "j": "困%苦"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (困苦):\n* → Japanese: 困(こん)苦(く) (konku)\n* → Korean: 곤고(困苦) (gon'go)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn khổ (困苦)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (困苦):\n* → Japanese: 困(こん)苦(く) (konku)\n* → Korean: 곤고(困苦) (gon'go)\n* → Vietnamese: khốn khổ (困苦)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "困苦",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hardship; suffering; ordeal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ],
        [
          "suffering",
          "suffering"
        ],
        [
          "ordeal",
          "ordeal"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄎㄨㄣˋ ㄎㄨˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khó͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kùnkǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kʻun⁴-kʻu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwùn-kǔ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuennkuu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "куньку"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kunʹku"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan fú"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kwan³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kuen³ fu²"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khó͘"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "khùn-khóo"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "quonqor"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰu̯ən⁵¹ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʷʰɐn³³ fuː³⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰɔ⁵³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰɔ⁴¹/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "huànnàn",
      "word": "患難"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huànnàn",
      "word": "患难"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yōuhuàn",
      "word": "憂患"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yōuhuàn",
      "word": "忧患"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mónàn",
      "word": "磨難"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mónàn",
      "word": "磨难"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fēnglàng",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "風浪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fēnglàng",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "风浪"
    },
    {
      "roman": "mózhàng",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "魔障"
    }
  ],
  "word": "困苦"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "困苦"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "困苦",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "困苦"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "困苦",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
  "path": [
    "困苦"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "困苦",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "困苦"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "困苦",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.