"研究" meaning in Chinese

See 研究 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Mainland-China, Sinological-IPA], /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Mainland-China, Sinological-IPA], /jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Taiwan, Sinological-IPA], /iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/ [Mandarin, Dungan, Sinological-IPA], /jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Sinological-IPA], /ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Northern, Sixian, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA], /ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Southern, Sixian, Neipu, Sinological-IPA], /ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/ [Hakka, Hailu, Zhudong, Sinological-IPA], /ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/ [Min-Dong, Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/ [Puxian-Min, Sinological-IPA], /ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/ [Puxian-Min, Sinological-IPA], /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Xiamen], /ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Quanzhou], /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Zhangzhou], /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Taipei], /ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Kaohsiung], /ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/ [Min-Nan, Teochew, Sinological-IPA], /ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/ [Min-Nan, Teochew, Sinological-IPA], /n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/ [Wu, Northern, Shanghai, Sinological-IPA] Audio: zh-yánjiū.ogg [Mandarin, Standard], LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav [Cantonese, Jyutping]
Head templates: {{head|zh|noun}} 研究
  1. (countable, uncountable) research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項/项 m) Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms (investigation): 調查 (diàochá), 调查 (diàochá) Related terms: 為學 (wéixué), 为学 (wéixué), 治學 (zhìxué), 治学 (zhìxué), 做學問 (zuò xuéwèn), 做学问 (zuò xuéwèn)
    Sense id: en-研究-zh-noun-~Se5GULA Categories (other): Chinese nouns classified by 項/项, Beginning Mandarin, Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Education, Talking Disambiguation of Beginning Mandarin: 47 22 30 Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 55 29 16 Disambiguation of Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 49 27 24 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 23 21 18 17 21 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 21 18 17 21 Disambiguation of Education: 49 51 0 Disambiguation of Talking: 33 34 33 Derived forms: 中央研究院, 作業研究, 作业研究, 個案研究 (gè'àn yánjiū), 个案研究 (gè'àn yánjiū), 區域研究 (qūyù yánjiū), 区域研究 (qūyù yánjiū), 女性研究 (nǚxìng yánjiū), 婦女研究 (fùnǚ yánjiū), 妇女研究 (fùnǚ yánjiū), 學術研究, 学术研究, 實證研究 (shízhèng yánjiū), 实证研究 (shízhèng yánjiū), 底邊研究 (dǐbiān yánjiū), 底边研究 (dǐbiān yánjiū), 性別研究 (xìngbié yánjiū), 性别研究 (xìngbié yánjiū), 捷克研究 (jiékè yánjiū), 文化研究 (wénhuà yánjiū), 案例研究 (ànlì yánjiū), 研究員 (yánjiūyuán), 研究员 (yánjiūyuán), 研究室, 研究局 (yánjiūjú), 研究所 (yánjiūsuǒ), 研究會 (yánjiūhuì), 研究会 (yánjiūhuì), 研究生 (yánjiūshēng), 研究者 (yánjiūzhě), 研究金 (yánjiūjīn), 研究院 (yánjiūyuàn), 研討 (yántǎo), 研讨 (yántǎo), 社會研究 (shèhuì yánjiū), 社会研究 (shèhuì yánjiū), 科學研究 (kēxué yánjiū), 科学研究 (kēxué yánjiū), 翻譯研究 (fānyì yánjiū), 翻译研究 (fānyì yánjiū), 通信研究員, 通信研究员, 郵票研究 (yóupiào yánjiū), 邮票研究 (yóupiào yánjiū)

Verb

IPA: /jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Mainland-China, Sinological-IPA], /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Mainland-China, Sinological-IPA], /jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Taiwan, Sinological-IPA], /iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/ [Mandarin, Dungan, Sinological-IPA], /jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Sinological-IPA], /ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Northern, Sixian, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA], /ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/ [Hakka, Southern, Sixian, Neipu, Sinological-IPA], /ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/ [Hakka, Hailu, Zhudong, Sinological-IPA], /ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/ [Min-Dong, Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/ [Puxian-Min, Sinological-IPA], /ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/ [Puxian-Min, Sinological-IPA], /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Xiamen], /ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Quanzhou], /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Zhangzhou], /ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Taipei], /ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, IPA, Kaohsiung], /ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/ [Min-Nan, Teochew, Sinological-IPA], /ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/ [Min-Nan, Teochew, Sinological-IPA], /n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/ [Wu, Northern, Shanghai, Sinological-IPA] Audio: zh-yánjiū.ogg [Mandarin, Standard], LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav [Cantonese, Jyutping]
Head templates: {{zh-verb}} 研究
  1. (intransitive, transitive) to research; to study Tags: intransitive, transitive
    Sense id: en-研究-zh-verb-iu6l2bRz Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Education, Talking Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 23 21 18 17 21 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 21 18 17 21 Disambiguation of Education: 49 51 0 Disambiguation of Talking: 33 34 33
  2. (transitive) to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-研究-zh-verb-yc0cOQnM Categories (other): Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Talking Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 23 21 18 17 21 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 23 21 18 17 21 Disambiguation of Talking: 33 34 33
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: 研製 (yánzhì), 研制 (yánzhì)
Synonyms: 探討 (tàntǎo), 探讨 (tàntǎo), (kōu), (kōu), 查考 (chákǎo), 研修 (yánxiū), 研習 (yánxí), 研习 (yánxí), 研討 (yántǎo), 研讨 (yántǎo), 精研 (jīngyán) [formal], 細究 (xìjiū), 细究 (xìjiū), 考究, 調查 (diàochá), 调查 (diàochá), , , 鑽研 (zuānyán), 钻研 (zuānyán), 交涉 (jiāoshè), (english: king1) [Cantonese, informal], (english: king1) [Cantonese, informal], 協商 (xiéshāng), 协商 (xiéshāng), 協議 (xiéyì), 协议 (xiéyì), 口語 (kǒuyǔ) [archaic], 口语 (kǒuyǔ) [archaic], 商榷 (shāngquè) (english: chiefly in an academic context), 商討 (shāngtǎo), 商讨 (shāngtǎo), 商談 (shāngtán), 商谈 (shāngtán), 商議 (shāngyì), 商议 (shāngyì), 商量 (shāngliang), 接接 [Hokkien], 接洽 (jiēqià) [formal], 插話 [Hokkien], 插话 [Hokkien], 會談 (huìtán), 会谈 (huìtán), 槌摃鐵 [Hokkien], 槌𫼱铁 [Hokkien], 比接 [Hokkien, Xiamen, Zhangzhou-Hokkien], 洽商 (qiàshāng), 洽談 (qiàtán), 洽谈 (qiàtán), 申論 (shēnlùn), 申论 (shēnlùn), 磋商 (cuōshāng) [formal], 磋議 (cuōyì), 磋议 (cuōyì), 磨合 (móhé) [figuratively], 觸牙 [Hokkien], 触牙 [Hokkien], 言說 (yánshuō) [formal], 言说 (yánshuō) [formal], 言論 (yánlùn), 言论 (yánlùn), 言辭 (yáncí) [literary], 言辞 (yáncí) [literary], 計謀 (jìmóu) [literary], 计谋 (jìmóu) [literary], 計議 (jìyì) [literary], 计议 (jìyì) [literary], 計較, 计较, 討論 (tǎolùn), 讨论 (tǎolùn), (píng) [in-compounds, literary], (píng) [in-compounds, literary], 評論 (pínglùn), 评论 (pínglùn), , , 說合 (shuōhé), 说合 (shuōhé), 說道 (shuōdao) [colloquial], 说道 (shuōdao) [colloquial], 談判 (tánpàn), 谈判 (tánpàn), 談論 (tánlùn), 谈论 (tánlùn), 謀慮 (móulǜ) [literary], 谋虑 (móulǜ) [literary], 講論 (jiǎnglùn), 讲论 (jiǎnglùn), (yì), (yì), 議論 (yìlùn), 议论 (yìlùn), 錦議 [Hokkien], 锦议 [Hokkien], 闡論 (chǎnlùn) [literary], 阐论 (chǎnlùn) [literary]
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    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "研究",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánzhì",
      "word": "研製"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
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          "roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
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          "roman": "yánjiū fāngxiàng",
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          "roman": "yánjiū fāngfǎ",
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          "roman": "yánjiū chéngguǒ",
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          "english": "scientific research",
          "roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
          "tags": [
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          ],
          "text": "科學研究",
          "type": "example"
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          "english": "research subject",
          "roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
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          "english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
          "roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
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          "text": "研究開發",
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        "(intransitive, transitive) to research; to study"
      ],
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        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
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    },
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          "roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
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          "text": "這個問題有待研究。",
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          "roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "这个问题有待研究。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
      ],
      "id": "en-研究-zh-verb-yc0cOQnM",
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        [
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          "deliberate"
        ],
        [
          "discuss",
          "discuss"
        ],
        [
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          "investigate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
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        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "zh-yánjiū.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Zh-yánjiū.ogg/Zh-yánjiū.ogg.mp3",
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      "tags": [
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    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Cyrillic",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiên-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiân-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Guangdong"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Foochow-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹gni-cieu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin",
        "toneless-final-syllable-variant"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo",
        "toneless-final-syllable-variant"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjio̊u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yán-jyou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yan.jiou"
    },
    {
      "roman": "janʹczju",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "яньцзю"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiòu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yán-jyòu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yanjiow"
    },
    {
      "roman": "janʹczju",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "яньцзю"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Cyrillic",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yìhn gau"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiên-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiân-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Zhudong",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Zhudong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Guangdong"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Fuzhou",
        "Foochow-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Hinghwa-Romanized"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "giefnkiux"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiâng kiù"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹gni-cieu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "MiniDict"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tàntǎo",
      "word": "探討"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tàntǎo",
      "word": "探讨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kōu",
      "word": "摳"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kōu",
      "word": "抠"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chákǎo",
      "word": "查考"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánxiū",
      "word": "研修"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánxí",
      "word": "研習"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánxí",
      "word": "研习"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yántǎo",
      "word": "研討"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yántǎo",
      "word": "研讨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jīngyán",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "精研"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xìjiū",
      "word": "細究"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xìjiū",
      "word": "细究"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "考究"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "diàochá",
      "word": "調查"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "diàochá",
      "word": "调查"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "鑽"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "钻"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zuānyán",
      "word": "鑽研"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zuānyán",
      "word": "钻研"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiāoshè",
      "word": "交涉"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "king1",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "傾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "king1",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "倾"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xiéshāng",
      "word": "協商"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xiéshāng",
      "word": "协商"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xiéyì",
      "word": "協議"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "xiéyì",
      "word": "协议"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kǒuyǔ",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "口語"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "kǒuyǔ",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "口语"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "chiefly in an academic context",
      "roman": "shāngquè",
      "word": "商榷"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shāngtǎo",
      "word": "商討"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shāngtǎo",
      "word": "商讨"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shāngtán",
      "word": "商談"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shāngtán",
      "word": "商谈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shāngyì",
      "word": "商議"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shāngyì",
      "word": "商议"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shāngliang",
      "word": "商量"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "接接"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiēqià",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "接洽"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "插話"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "插话"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "huìtán",
      "word": "會談"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "huìtán",
      "word": "会谈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "槌摃鐵"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "槌𫼱铁"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "比接"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiàshāng",
      "word": "洽商"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiàtán",
      "word": "洽談"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "qiàtán",
      "word": "洽谈"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shēnlùn",
      "word": "申論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shēnlùn",
      "word": "申论"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cuōshāng",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "磋商"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cuōyì",
      "word": "磋議"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "cuōyì",
      "word": "磋议"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "móhé",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "磨合"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "觸牙"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "触牙"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánshuō",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "言說"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánshuō",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "言说"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánlùn",
      "word": "言論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yánlùn",
      "word": "言论"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yáncí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "言辭"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yáncí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "言辞"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìmóu",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "計謀"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìmóu",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "计谋"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "計議"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "计议"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "計較"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "计较"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tǎolùn",
      "word": "討論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tǎolùn",
      "word": "讨论"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "píng",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "評"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "píng",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "评"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "pínglùn",
      "word": "評論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "pínglùn",
      "word": "评论"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "說"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "说"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shuōhé",
      "word": "說合"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shuōhé",
      "word": "说合"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shuōdao",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "說道"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shuōdao",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "说道"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tánpàn",
      "word": "談判"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tánpàn",
      "word": "谈判"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tánlùn",
      "word": "談論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "tánlùn",
      "word": "谈论"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "móulǜ",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "謀慮"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "móulǜ",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "谋虑"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiǎnglùn",
      "word": "講論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "jiǎnglùn",
      "word": "讲论"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yì",
      "word": "議"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yì",
      "word": "议"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yìlùn",
      "word": "議論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "yìlùn",
      "word": "议论"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "錦議"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "锦议"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chǎnlùn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "闡論"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "chǎnlùn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "阐论"
    }
  ],
  "word": "研究"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "研究"
          },
          "expansion": "研究",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "研究",
            "2": "けんきゅう",
            "gloss": "",
            "pos": ""
          },
          "expansion": "研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "연구(硏究)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "id": "硏究",
            "id2": "",
            "id3": "",
            "id4": "",
            "pos": "",
            "pos2": "",
            "pos3": "",
            "pos4": "",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "nghiên cứu",
            "bor": "1",
            "id": "研究",
            "pos": "",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "研究"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "研究",
            "2": "けんきゅう",
            "3": "연구",
            "4": "nghiên cứu",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "硏究",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "研究",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "研究",
            "v": "研究",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "けんきゅう",
            "3": "연구",
            "4": "nghiên cứu",
            "h": "硏究"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "研究",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese nouns classified by 項/项",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 22 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Beginning Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 29 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 27 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 21 18 17 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 4 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 21 18 17 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 51 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Education",
          "orig": "zh:Education",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 34 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Talking",
          "orig": "zh:Talking",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "中央研究院"
        },
        {
          "word": "作業研究"
        },
        {
          "word": "作业研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
          "word": "個案研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
          "word": "个案研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
          "word": "區域研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
          "word": "区域研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "nǚxìng yánjiū",
          "word": "女性研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
          "word": "婦女研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
          "word": "妇女研究"
        },
        {
          "word": "學術研究"
        },
        {
          "word": "学术研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
          "word": "實證研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
          "word": "实证研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
          "word": "底邊研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
          "word": "底边研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
          "word": "性別研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
          "word": "性别研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "jiékè yánjiū",
          "word": "捷克研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wénhuà yánjiū",
          "word": "文化研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "ànlì yánjiū",
          "word": "案例研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūyuán",
          "word": "研究員"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūyuán",
          "word": "研究员"
        },
        {
          "word": "研究室"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūjú",
          "word": "研究局"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūsuǒ",
          "word": "研究所"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūhuì",
          "word": "研究會"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūhuì",
          "word": "研究会"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūshēng",
          "word": "研究生"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūzhě",
          "word": "研究者"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūjīn",
          "word": "研究金"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yánjiūyuàn",
          "word": "研究院"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yántǎo",
          "word": "研討"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yántǎo",
          "word": "研讨"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
          "word": "社會研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
          "word": "社会研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
          "word": "科學研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
          "word": "科学研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
          "word": "翻譯研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
          "word": "翻译研究"
        },
        {
          "word": "通信研究員"
        },
        {
          "word": "通信研究员"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
          "word": "郵票研究"
        },
        {
          "roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
          "word": "邮票研究"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              21
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to conduct a research",
          "roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "做一項研究",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              21
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to conduct a research",
          "roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "做一项研究",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "feasibility study",
          "roman": "kěxíngxìng yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "可行性研究",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項/项 m)"
      ],
      "id": "en-研究-zh-noun-~Se5GULA",
      "links": [
        [
          "research",
          "research"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "investigation",
          "investigation"
        ],
        [
          "項",
          "項#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "项",
          "项#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, uncountable) research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項/项 m)"
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "wéixué",
          "word": "為學"
        },
        {
          "roman": "wéixué",
          "word": "为学"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhìxué",
          "word": "治學"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zhìxué",
          "word": "治学"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
          "word": "做學問"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
          "word": "做学问"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "diàochá",
          "sense": "investigation",
          "word": "調查"
        },
        {
          "roman": "diàochá",
          "sense": "investigation",
          "word": "调查"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "zh-yánjiū.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Zh-yánjiū.ogg/Zh-yánjiū.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-yánjiū.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Cyrillic",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiên-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiân-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Guangdong"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Foochow-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹gni-cieu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin",
        "toneless-final-syllable-variant"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo",
        "toneless-final-syllable-variant"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjio̊u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yán-jyou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yan.jiou"
    },
    {
      "roman": "janʹczju",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "яньцзю"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiòu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yán-jyòu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yanjiow"
    },
    {
      "roman": "janʹczju",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "яньцзю"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Cyrillic",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yìhn gau"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiên-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiân-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Zhudong",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Zhudong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Guangdong"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Fuzhou",
        "Foochow-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Hinghwa-Romanized"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "giefnkiux"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiâng kiù"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹gni-cieu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "MiniDict"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
    }
  ],
  "word": "研究"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Beginning Mandarin",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 研",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 究",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Eastern Min verbs",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Middle Chinese nouns",
    "Middle Chinese verbs",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Education",
    "zh:Talking"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "研究",
      "name": "zh-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "yánzhì",
      "word": "研製"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánzhì",
      "word": "研制"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese intransitive verbs",
        "Chinese transitive verbs",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
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              19
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              14
            ]
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              4
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to conduct research",
          "roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "進行研究",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
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              19
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
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              8,
              14
            ]
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              2,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to conduct research",
          "roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "进行研究",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
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              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
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              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "research direction",
          "roman": "yánjiū fāngxiàng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "研究方向",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "research method",
          "roman": "yánjiū fāngfǎ",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "研究方法",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
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              0,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
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              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "research findings",
          "roman": "yánjiū chéngguǒ",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "研究成果",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
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              19
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
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              12
            ]
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              4
            ]
          ],
          "english": "scientific research",
          "roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "科學研究",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
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              19
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
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              12
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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              4
            ]
          ],
          "english": "scientific research",
          "roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "科学研究",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
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              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
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              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
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              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "research subject",
          "roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "研究對象",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
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              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
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            ]
          ],
          "english": "research subject",
          "roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "研究对象",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
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              11
            ],
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              32
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              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
          "roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "研究開發",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              11
            ],
            [
              31,
              32
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              2
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
          "roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "研究开发",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to research; to study"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "research",
          "research"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, transitive) to research; to study"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese transitive verbs",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              22,
              32
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              19,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "This problem requires discussion.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC"
          ],
          "roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "這個問題有待研究。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              22,
              32
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              19,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              6,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "english": "This problem requires discussion.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC"
          ],
          "roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin",
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "这个问题有待研究。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "deliberate",
          "deliberate"
        ],
        [
          "discuss",
          "discuss"
        ],
        [
          "investigate",
          "investigate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "zh-yánjiū.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Zh-yánjiū.ogg/Zh-yánjiū.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-yánjiū.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Cyrillic",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiên-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiân-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Guangdong"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Foochow-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹gni-cieu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin",
        "toneless-final-syllable-variant"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo",
        "toneless-final-syllable-variant"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjio̊u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yán-jyou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yan.jiou"
    },
    {
      "roman": "janʹczju",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "яньцзю"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiòu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yán-jyòu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yanjiow"
    },
    {
      "roman": "janʹczju",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "яньцзю"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Cyrillic",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yìhn gau"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiên-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiân-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Zhudong",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Zhudong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Guangdong"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Fuzhou",
        "Foochow-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Hinghwa-Romanized"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "giefnkiux"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiâng kiù"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹gni-cieu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "MiniDict"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "tàntǎo",
      "word": "探討"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tàntǎo",
      "word": "探讨"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kōu",
      "word": "摳"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kōu",
      "word": "抠"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chákǎo",
      "word": "查考"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánxiū",
      "word": "研修"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánxí",
      "word": "研習"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánxí",
      "word": "研习"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yántǎo",
      "word": "研討"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yántǎo",
      "word": "研讨"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jīngyán",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "精研"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xìjiū",
      "word": "細究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xìjiū",
      "word": "细究"
    },
    {
      "word": "考究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "diàochá",
      "word": "調查"
    },
    {
      "roman": "diàochá",
      "word": "调查"
    },
    {
      "word": "鑽"
    },
    {
      "word": "钻"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuānyán",
      "word": "鑽研"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuānyán",
      "word": "钻研"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiāoshè",
      "word": "交涉"
    },
    {
      "english": "king1",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "傾"
    },
    {
      "english": "king1",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "informal"
      ],
      "word": "倾"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiéshāng",
      "word": "協商"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiéshāng",
      "word": "协商"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiéyì",
      "word": "協議"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xiéyì",
      "word": "协议"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kǒuyǔ",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "口語"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kǒuyǔ",
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ],
      "word": "口语"
    },
    {
      "english": "chiefly in an academic context",
      "roman": "shāngquè",
      "word": "商榷"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shāngtǎo",
      "word": "商討"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shāngtǎo",
      "word": "商讨"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shāngtán",
      "word": "商談"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shāngtán",
      "word": "商谈"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shāngyì",
      "word": "商議"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shāngyì",
      "word": "商议"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shāngliang",
      "word": "商量"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "接接"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiēqià",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "接洽"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "插話"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "插话"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huìtán",
      "word": "會談"
    },
    {
      "roman": "huìtán",
      "word": "会谈"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "槌摃鐵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "槌𫼱铁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "比接"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiàshāng",
      "word": "洽商"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiàtán",
      "word": "洽談"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qiàtán",
      "word": "洽谈"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnlùn",
      "word": "申論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnlùn",
      "word": "申论"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cuōshāng",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "磋商"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cuōyì",
      "word": "磋議"
    },
    {
      "roman": "cuōyì",
      "word": "磋议"
    },
    {
      "roman": "móhé",
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ],
      "word": "磨合"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "觸牙"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "触牙"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánshuō",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "言說"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánshuō",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "言说"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánlùn",
      "word": "言論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánlùn",
      "word": "言论"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yáncí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "言辭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yáncí",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "言辞"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìmóu",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "計謀"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìmóu",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "计谋"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "計議"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jìyì",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "计议"
    },
    {
      "word": "計較"
    },
    {
      "word": "计较"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tǎolùn",
      "word": "討論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tǎolùn",
      "word": "讨论"
    },
    {
      "roman": "píng",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "評"
    },
    {
      "roman": "píng",
      "tags": [
        "in-compounds",
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "评"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínglùn",
      "word": "評論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "pínglùn",
      "word": "评论"
    },
    {
      "word": "說"
    },
    {
      "word": "说"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shuōhé",
      "word": "說合"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shuōhé",
      "word": "说合"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shuōdao",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "說道"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shuōdao",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "说道"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tánpàn",
      "word": "談判"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tánpàn",
      "word": "谈判"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tánlùn",
      "word": "談論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tánlùn",
      "word": "谈论"
    },
    {
      "roman": "móulǜ",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "謀慮"
    },
    {
      "roman": "móulǜ",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "谋虑"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiǎnglùn",
      "word": "講論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiǎnglùn",
      "word": "讲论"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yì",
      "word": "議"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yì",
      "word": "议"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yìlùn",
      "word": "議論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yìlùn",
      "word": "议论"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "錦議"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "锦议"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chǎnlùn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "闡論"
    },
    {
      "roman": "chǎnlùn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "阐论"
    }
  ],
  "word": "研究"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Beginning Mandarin",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese nouns",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 研",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 究",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Chinese verbs",
    "Eastern Min lemmas",
    "Eastern Min nouns",
    "Eastern Min verbs",
    "Middle Chinese lemmas",
    "Middle Chinese nouns",
    "Middle Chinese verbs",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Education",
    "zh:Talking"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "中央研究院"
    },
    {
      "word": "作業研究"
    },
    {
      "word": "作业研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
      "word": "個案研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
      "word": "个案研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
      "word": "區域研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
      "word": "区域研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "nǚxìng yánjiū",
      "word": "女性研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
      "word": "婦女研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
      "word": "妇女研究"
    },
    {
      "word": "學術研究"
    },
    {
      "word": "学术研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
      "word": "實證研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
      "word": "实证研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
      "word": "底邊研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
      "word": "底边研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
      "word": "性別研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
      "word": "性别研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "jiékè yánjiū",
      "word": "捷克研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wénhuà yánjiū",
      "word": "文化研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "ànlì yánjiū",
      "word": "案例研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūyuán",
      "word": "研究員"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūyuán",
      "word": "研究员"
    },
    {
      "word": "研究室"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūjú",
      "word": "研究局"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūsuǒ",
      "word": "研究所"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūhuì",
      "word": "研究會"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūhuì",
      "word": "研究会"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūshēng",
      "word": "研究生"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūzhě",
      "word": "研究者"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūjīn",
      "word": "研究金"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yánjiūyuàn",
      "word": "研究院"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yántǎo",
      "word": "研討"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yántǎo",
      "word": "研讨"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
      "word": "社會研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
      "word": "社会研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
      "word": "科學研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
      "word": "科学研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
      "word": "翻譯研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
      "word": "翻译研究"
    },
    {
      "word": "通信研究員"
    },
    {
      "word": "通信研究员"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
      "word": "郵票研究"
    },
    {
      "roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
      "word": "邮票研究"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "研究"
          },
          "expansion": "研究",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "研究",
            "2": "けんきゅう",
            "gloss": "",
            "pos": ""
          },
          "expansion": "研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "연구(硏究)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "id": "硏究",
            "id2": "",
            "id3": "",
            "id4": "",
            "pos": "",
            "pos2": "",
            "pos3": "",
            "pos4": "",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "nghiên cứu",
            "bor": "1",
            "id": "研究",
            "pos": "",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "研究"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "研究",
            "2": "けんきゅう",
            "3": "연구",
            "4": "nghiên cứu",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "硏究",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "研究",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "研究",
            "v": "研究",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "けんきゅう",
            "3": "연구",
            "4": "nghiên cứu",
            "h": "硏究"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "研究",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "wéixué",
      "word": "為學"
    },
    {
      "roman": "wéixué",
      "word": "为学"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhìxué",
      "word": "治學"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zhìxué",
      "word": "治学"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
      "word": "做學問"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
      "word": "做学问"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Chinese countable nouns",
        "Chinese nouns classified by 項/项",
        "Chinese uncountable nouns",
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              21
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to conduct a research",
          "roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "做一項研究",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              21
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              13,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "to conduct a research",
          "roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Simplified-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "做一项研究",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_english_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_roman_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "feasibility study",
          "roman": "kěxíngxìng yánjiū",
          "tags": [
            "Traditional-Chinese"
          ],
          "text": "可行性研究",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項/项 m)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "research",
          "research"
        ],
        [
          "study",
          "study"
        ],
        [
          "investigation",
          "investigation"
        ],
        [
          "項",
          "項#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "项",
          "项#Chinese"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, uncountable) research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項/项 m)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "zh-yánjiū.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Zh-yánjiū.ogg/Zh-yánjiū.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-yánjiū.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Cyrillic",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4a/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-研究.wav"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiên-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Sixian",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiân-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Guangdong"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Foochow-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹gni-cieu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiū"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Pinyin",
        "toneless-final-syllable-variant"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Bopomofo",
        "toneless-final-syllable-variant"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjio̊u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yán-jyou"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yan.jiou"
    },
    {
      "roman": "janʹczju",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "яньцзю"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Mainland-China",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yánjiòu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yán-jyòu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yanjiow"
    },
    {
      "roman": "janʹczju",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "яньцзю"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Taiwan",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Cyrillic",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "янҗю (i͡anži͡u, I-I)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Dungan",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yìhn gau"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Hong Kong"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiên-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Northern",
        "Sixian",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiân-kiu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Hagfa-Pinyim"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Southern",
        "Sixian",
        "Neipu",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Zhudong",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hailu",
        "Zhudong",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Guangdong"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Fuzhou",
        "Foochow-Romanized"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Dong",
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian",
        "Hinghwa-Romanized"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Putian"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou",
        "Pouseng-Ping'ing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "phonetic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngieng¹ giu⁴"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Xianyou"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Puxian-Min",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gián-kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "giefnkiux"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiêng kiù"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngiâng kiù"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "Wugniu"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹gni-cieu"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "MiniDict"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Northern",
        "Shanghai",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "diàochá",
      "sense": "investigation",
      "word": "調查"
    },
    {
      "roman": "diàochá",
      "sense": "investigation",
      "word": "调查"
    }
  ],
  "word": "研究"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 研究 meaning in Chinese (32.3kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "研究"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "研究",
  "trace": "started on line 97, detected on line 103"
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2196",
  "msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E9%91%BD%E7%A0%94'], ['edit']){} >",
  "path": [
    "研究"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "研究",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2196",
  "msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%95%86%E9%87%8F'], ['edit']){} >",
  "path": [
    "研究"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "研究",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (0c45963 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.