See 研究 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研製"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研制"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 21 18 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 18 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "zh:Education",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "zh:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to conduct research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
"text": "進行研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to conduct research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
"text": "进行研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research direction",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū fāngxiàng",
"text": "研究方向",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research method",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū fāngfǎ",
"text": "研究方法",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research findings",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū chéngguǒ",
"text": "研究成果",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "scientific research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"text": "科學研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "scientific research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"text": "科学研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research subject",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
"text": "研究對象",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research subject",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
"text": "研究对象",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
11
],
[
31,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
"text": "研究開發",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
11
],
[
31,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
"text": "研究开发",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research; to study"
],
"id": "en-研究-zh-verb-iu6l2bRz",
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) to research; to study"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 21 18 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 18 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "zh:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
22,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "This problem requires discussion.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這個問題有待研究。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
22,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "This problem requires discussion.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这个问题有待研究。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
],
"id": "en-研究-zh-verb-yc0cOQnM",
"links": [
[
"deliberate",
"deliberate"
],
[
"discuss",
"discuss"
],
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "янҗю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "i͡anži͡u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjio̊u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan.jiou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яньцзю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹczju"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yanjiow"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn gau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnkiux"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng kiù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tàntǎo",
"word": "探討"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tàntǎo",
"word": "探讨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kōu",
"word": "摳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kōu",
"word": "抠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chákǎo",
"word": "查考"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánxiū",
"word": "研修"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研習"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研习"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jīngyán",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "精研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xìjiū",
"word": "細究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xìjiū",
"word": "细究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "考究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "diàochá",
"word": "調查"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "diàochá",
"word": "调查"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "鑽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "钻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "鑽研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "钻研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiāoshè",
"word": "交涉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "king1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"informal"
],
"word": "傾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "king1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"informal"
],
"word": "倾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiéshāng",
"word": "協商"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiéshāng",
"word": "协商"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiéyì",
"word": "協議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiéyì",
"word": "协议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kǒuyǔ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "口語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kǒuyǔ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "口语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "chiefly in an academic context",
"roman": "shāngquè",
"word": "商榷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngtǎo",
"word": "商討"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngtǎo",
"word": "商讨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngtán",
"word": "商談"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngtán",
"word": "商谈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngyì",
"word": "商議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngyì",
"word": "商议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngliang",
"word": "商量"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "接接"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiēqià",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "接洽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "插話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "插话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huìtán",
"word": "會談"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huìtán",
"word": "会谈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "槌摃鐵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "槌𫼱铁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "比接"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qiàshāng",
"word": "洽商"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qiàtán",
"word": "洽談"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qiàtán",
"word": "洽谈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shēnlùn",
"word": "申論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shēnlùn",
"word": "申论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cuōshāng",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "磋商"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cuōyì",
"word": "磋議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cuōyì",
"word": "磋议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "móhé",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "磨合"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "觸牙"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "触牙"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánshuō",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "言說"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánshuō",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "言说"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánlùn",
"word": "言論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánlùn",
"word": "言论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yáncí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "言辭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yáncí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "言辞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìmóu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "計謀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìmóu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "计谋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "計議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "计议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "計較"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "计较"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǎolùn",
"word": "討論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǎolùn",
"word": "讨论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "評"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "评"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínglùn",
"word": "評論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínglùn",
"word": "评论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "說"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "说"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shuōhé",
"word": "說合"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shuōhé",
"word": "说合"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shuōdao",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "說道"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shuōdao",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "说道"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tánpàn",
"word": "談判"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tánpàn",
"word": "谈判"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tánlùn",
"word": "談論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tánlùn",
"word": "谈论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "móulǜ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "謀慮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "móulǜ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "谋虑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiǎnglùn",
"word": "講論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiǎnglùn",
"word": "讲论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yì",
"word": "議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yì",
"word": "议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yìlùn",
"word": "議論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yìlùn",
"word": "议论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "錦議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "锦议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chǎnlùn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "闡論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chǎnlùn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "阐论"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "研究"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "연구(硏究)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "硏究",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nghiên cứu",
"bor": "1",
"id": "研究",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "研究"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"3": "연구",
"4": "nghiên cứu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "硏究",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "研究",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "研究",
"v": "研究",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"3": "연구",
"4": "nghiên cứu",
"h": "硏究"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese nouns classified by 項/项",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "47 22 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Beginning Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 29 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 29 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 18 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 21 18 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "zh:Education",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "zh:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "中央研究院"
},
{
"word": "作業研究"
},
{
"word": "作业研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "個案研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "个案研究"
},
{
"roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
"word": "區域研究"
},
{
"roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
"word": "区域研究"
},
{
"roman": "nǚxìng yánjiū",
"word": "女性研究"
},
{
"roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
"word": "婦女研究"
},
{
"roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
"word": "妇女研究"
},
{
"word": "學術研究"
},
{
"word": "学术研究"
},
{
"roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
"word": "實證研究"
},
{
"roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
"word": "实证研究"
},
{
"roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
"word": "底邊研究"
},
{
"roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
"word": "底边研究"
},
{
"roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
"word": "性別研究"
},
{
"roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
"word": "性别研究"
},
{
"roman": "jiékè yánjiū",
"word": "捷克研究"
},
{
"roman": "wénhuà yánjiū",
"word": "文化研究"
},
{
"roman": "ànlì yánjiū",
"word": "案例研究"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究员"
},
{
"word": "研究室"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūjú",
"word": "研究局"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūsuǒ",
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūhuì",
"word": "研究會"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūhuì",
"word": "研究会"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūshēng",
"word": "研究生"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūzhě",
"word": "研究者"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūjīn",
"word": "研究金"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuàn",
"word": "研究院"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
"word": "社會研究"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
"word": "社会研究"
},
{
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"word": "科學研究"
},
{
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"word": "科学研究"
},
{
"roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
"word": "翻譯研究"
},
{
"roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
"word": "翻译研究"
},
{
"word": "通信研究員"
},
{
"word": "通信研究员"
},
{
"roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
"word": "郵票研究"
},
{
"roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
"word": "邮票研究"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "to conduct a research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
"text": "做一項研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "to conduct a research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
"text": "做一项研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "feasibility study",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "kěxíngxìng yánjiū",
"text": "可行性研究",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項／项 m)"
],
"id": "en-研究-zh-noun-~Se5GULA",
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"investigation",
"investigation"
],
[
"項",
"項#Chinese"
],
[
"项",
"项#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, uncountable) research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項／项 m)"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "wéixué",
"word": "為學"
},
{
"roman": "wéixué",
"word": "为学"
},
{
"roman": "zhìxué",
"word": "治學"
},
{
"roman": "zhìxué",
"word": "治学"
},
{
"roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
"word": "做學問"
},
{
"roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
"word": "做学问"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"sense": "investigation",
"word": "調查"
},
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"sense": "investigation",
"word": "调查"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "янҗю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "i͡anži͡u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjio̊u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan.jiou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яньцзю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹczju"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yanjiow"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn gau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnkiux"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng kiù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 研",
"Chinese terms spelled with 究",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Education",
"zh:Talking"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研製"
},
{
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研制"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese intransitive verbs",
"Chinese transitive verbs",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to conduct research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
"text": "進行研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
8,
14
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to conduct research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
"text": "进行研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research direction",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū fāngxiàng",
"text": "研究方向",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research method",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū fāngfǎ",
"text": "研究方法",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research findings",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū chéngguǒ",
"text": "研究成果",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "scientific research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"text": "科學研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
11,
19
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
12
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "scientific research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"text": "科学研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research subject",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
"text": "研究對象",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
0,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "research subject",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
"text": "研究对象",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
11
],
[
31,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
"text": "研究開發",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
11
],
[
31,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
"text": "研究开发",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research; to study"
],
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) to research; to study"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese transitive verbs",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
22,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "This problem requires discussion.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這個問題有待研究。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
22,
32
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
8
]
],
"english": "This problem requires discussion.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这个问题有待研究。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
],
"links": [
[
"deliberate",
"deliberate"
],
[
"discuss",
"discuss"
],
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "янҗю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "i͡anži͡u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjio̊u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan.jiou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яньцзю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹczju"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yanjiow"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn gau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnkiux"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng kiù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tàntǎo",
"word": "探討"
},
{
"roman": "tàntǎo",
"word": "探讨"
},
{
"roman": "kōu",
"word": "摳"
},
{
"roman": "kōu",
"word": "抠"
},
{
"roman": "chákǎo",
"word": "查考"
},
{
"roman": "yánxiū",
"word": "研修"
},
{
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研習"
},
{
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研习"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"roman": "jīngyán",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "精研"
},
{
"roman": "xìjiū",
"word": "細究"
},
{
"roman": "xìjiū",
"word": "细究"
},
{
"word": "考究"
},
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"word": "調查"
},
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"word": "调查"
},
{
"word": "鑽"
},
{
"word": "钻"
},
{
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "鑽研"
},
{
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "钻研"
},
{
"roman": "jiāoshè",
"word": "交涉"
},
{
"english": "king1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"informal"
],
"word": "傾"
},
{
"english": "king1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"informal"
],
"word": "倾"
},
{
"roman": "xiéshāng",
"word": "協商"
},
{
"roman": "xiéshāng",
"word": "协商"
},
{
"roman": "xiéyì",
"word": "協議"
},
{
"roman": "xiéyì",
"word": "协议"
},
{
"roman": "kǒuyǔ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "口語"
},
{
"roman": "kǒuyǔ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "口语"
},
{
"english": "chiefly in an academic context",
"roman": "shāngquè",
"word": "商榷"
},
{
"roman": "shāngtǎo",
"word": "商討"
},
{
"roman": "shāngtǎo",
"word": "商讨"
},
{
"roman": "shāngtán",
"word": "商談"
},
{
"roman": "shāngtán",
"word": "商谈"
},
{
"roman": "shāngyì",
"word": "商議"
},
{
"roman": "shāngyì",
"word": "商议"
},
{
"roman": "shāngliang",
"word": "商量"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "接接"
},
{
"roman": "jiēqià",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "接洽"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "插話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "插话"
},
{
"roman": "huìtán",
"word": "會談"
},
{
"roman": "huìtán",
"word": "会谈"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "槌摃鐵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "槌𫼱铁"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "比接"
},
{
"roman": "qiàshāng",
"word": "洽商"
},
{
"roman": "qiàtán",
"word": "洽談"
},
{
"roman": "qiàtán",
"word": "洽谈"
},
{
"roman": "shēnlùn",
"word": "申論"
},
{
"roman": "shēnlùn",
"word": "申论"
},
{
"roman": "cuōshāng",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "磋商"
},
{
"roman": "cuōyì",
"word": "磋議"
},
{
"roman": "cuōyì",
"word": "磋议"
},
{
"roman": "móhé",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "磨合"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "觸牙"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "触牙"
},
{
"roman": "yánshuō",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "言說"
},
{
"roman": "yánshuō",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "言说"
},
{
"roman": "yánlùn",
"word": "言論"
},
{
"roman": "yánlùn",
"word": "言论"
},
{
"roman": "yáncí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "言辭"
},
{
"roman": "yáncí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "言辞"
},
{
"roman": "jìmóu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "計謀"
},
{
"roman": "jìmóu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "计谋"
},
{
"roman": "jìyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "計議"
},
{
"roman": "jìyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "计议"
},
{
"word": "計較"
},
{
"word": "计较"
},
{
"roman": "tǎolùn",
"word": "討論"
},
{
"roman": "tǎolùn",
"word": "讨论"
},
{
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "評"
},
{
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "评"
},
{
"roman": "pínglùn",
"word": "評論"
},
{
"roman": "pínglùn",
"word": "评论"
},
{
"word": "說"
},
{
"word": "说"
},
{
"roman": "shuōhé",
"word": "說合"
},
{
"roman": "shuōhé",
"word": "说合"
},
{
"roman": "shuōdao",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "說道"
},
{
"roman": "shuōdao",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "说道"
},
{
"roman": "tánpàn",
"word": "談判"
},
{
"roman": "tánpàn",
"word": "谈判"
},
{
"roman": "tánlùn",
"word": "談論"
},
{
"roman": "tánlùn",
"word": "谈论"
},
{
"roman": "móulǜ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "謀慮"
},
{
"roman": "móulǜ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "谋虑"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎnglùn",
"word": "講論"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎnglùn",
"word": "讲论"
},
{
"roman": "yì",
"word": "議"
},
{
"roman": "yì",
"word": "议"
},
{
"roman": "yìlùn",
"word": "議論"
},
{
"roman": "yìlùn",
"word": "议论"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "錦議"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "锦议"
},
{
"roman": "chǎnlùn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "闡論"
},
{
"roman": "chǎnlùn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "阐论"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 研",
"Chinese terms spelled with 究",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Education",
"zh:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "中央研究院"
},
{
"word": "作業研究"
},
{
"word": "作业研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "個案研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "个案研究"
},
{
"roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
"word": "區域研究"
},
{
"roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
"word": "区域研究"
},
{
"roman": "nǚxìng yánjiū",
"word": "女性研究"
},
{
"roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
"word": "婦女研究"
},
{
"roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
"word": "妇女研究"
},
{
"word": "學術研究"
},
{
"word": "学术研究"
},
{
"roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
"word": "實證研究"
},
{
"roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
"word": "实证研究"
},
{
"roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
"word": "底邊研究"
},
{
"roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
"word": "底边研究"
},
{
"roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
"word": "性別研究"
},
{
"roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
"word": "性别研究"
},
{
"roman": "jiékè yánjiū",
"word": "捷克研究"
},
{
"roman": "wénhuà yánjiū",
"word": "文化研究"
},
{
"roman": "ànlì yánjiū",
"word": "案例研究"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究员"
},
{
"word": "研究室"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūjú",
"word": "研究局"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūsuǒ",
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūhuì",
"word": "研究會"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūhuì",
"word": "研究会"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūshēng",
"word": "研究生"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūzhě",
"word": "研究者"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūjīn",
"word": "研究金"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuàn",
"word": "研究院"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
"word": "社會研究"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
"word": "社会研究"
},
{
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"word": "科學研究"
},
{
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"word": "科学研究"
},
{
"roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
"word": "翻譯研究"
},
{
"roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
"word": "翻译研究"
},
{
"word": "通信研究員"
},
{
"word": "通信研究员"
},
{
"roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
"word": "郵票研究"
},
{
"roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
"word": "邮票研究"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "研究"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"gloss": "",
"pos": ""
},
"expansion": "研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "연구(硏究)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "硏究",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"pos": "",
"pos2": "",
"pos3": "",
"pos4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nghiên cứu",
"bor": "1",
"id": "研究",
"pos": "",
"t": "",
"tr": "研究"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"3": "연구",
"4": "nghiên cứu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "硏究",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "研究",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "研究",
"v": "研究",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"3": "연구",
"4": "nghiên cứu",
"h": "硏究"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "wéixué",
"word": "為學"
},
{
"roman": "wéixué",
"word": "为学"
},
{
"roman": "zhìxué",
"word": "治學"
},
{
"roman": "zhìxué",
"word": "治学"
},
{
"roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
"word": "做學問"
},
{
"roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
"word": "做学问"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese countable nouns",
"Chinese nouns classified by 項/项",
"Chinese uncountable nouns",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "to conduct a research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
"text": "做一項研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
13,
21
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "to conduct a research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
"text": "做一项研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
12,
17
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
5
]
],
"english": "feasibility study",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "kěxíngxìng yánjiū",
"text": "可行性研究",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項／项 m)"
],
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"investigation",
"investigation"
],
[
"項",
"項#Chinese"
],
[
"项",
"项#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, uncountable) research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項／项 m)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "янҗю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "i͡anži͡u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjio̊u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan.jiou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яньцзю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹczju"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yanjiow"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn gau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ giu^ˇ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Min-Dong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnkiux"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng kiù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Wugniu"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"MiniDict"
],
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Shanghai",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Wu"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ giu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kiu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"sense": "investigation",
"word": "調查"
},
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"sense": "investigation",
"word": "调查"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 研究 meaning in Chinese (29.3kB)
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"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": "started on line 97, detected on line 103"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
"研究"
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
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"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
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"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
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"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
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"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E9%91%BD%E7%A0%94'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
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"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.