See 研究 on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "zh:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研製"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研制"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to conduct research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
"text": "進行研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to conduct research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
"text": "进行研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research direction",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū fāngxiàng",
"text": "研究方向",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research method",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū fāngfǎ",
"text": "研究方法",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research findings",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū chéngguǒ",
"text": "研究成果",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "scientific research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"text": "科學研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "scientific research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"text": "科学研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research subject",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
"text": "研究對象",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research subject",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
"text": "研究对象",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
"text": "研究開發",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
"text": "研究开发",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research; to study"
],
"id": "en-研究-zh-verb-iu6l2bRz",
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) to research; to study"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 8 55",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "zh:Talking",
"parents": [
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This problem requires discussion.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這個問題有待研究。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This problem requires discussion.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这个问题有待研究。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
],
"id": "en-研究-zh-verb-yc0cOQnM",
"links": [
[
"deliberate",
"deliberate"
],
[
"discuss",
"discuss"
],
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "янҗю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "i͡anži͡u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjio̊u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan.jiou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яньцзю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹczju"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yanjiow"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn gau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ ngiu⁴]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiu⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnkiux"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng kiù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ ngiu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tàntǎo",
"word": "探討"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tàntǎo",
"word": "探讨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kōu",
"word": "摳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kōu",
"word": "抠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chákǎo",
"word": "查考"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánxiū",
"word": "研修"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研習"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研习"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jīngyán",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "精研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xìjiū",
"word": "細究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xìjiū",
"word": "细究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "考究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "diàochá",
"word": "調查"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "diàochá",
"word": "调查"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "鑽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "钻"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "鑽研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "钻研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiāoshè",
"word": "交涉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "king1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"informal"
],
"word": "傾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "king1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"informal"
],
"word": "倾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiéshāng",
"word": "協商"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiéshāng",
"word": "协商"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiéyì",
"word": "協議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "xiéyì",
"word": "协议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kǒuyǔ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "口語"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kǒuyǔ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "口语"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "chiefly in an academic context",
"roman": "shāngquè",
"word": "商榷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngtǎo",
"word": "商討"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngtǎo",
"word": "商讨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngtán",
"word": "商談"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngtán",
"word": "商谈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngyì",
"word": "商議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngyì",
"word": "商议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shāngliang",
"word": "商量"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "接接"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiēqià",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "接洽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "插話"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "插话"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huìtán",
"word": "會談"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "huìtán",
"word": "会谈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "槌摃鐵"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "槌𫼱铁"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "比接"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qiàshāng",
"word": "洽商"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qiàtán",
"word": "洽談"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qiàtán",
"word": "洽谈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shēnlùn",
"word": "申論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shēnlùn",
"word": "申论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cuōshāng",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "磋商"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cuōyì",
"word": "磋議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cuōyì",
"word": "磋议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "móhé",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "磨合"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "觸牙"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "触牙"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánshuō",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "言說"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánshuō",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "言说"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánlùn",
"word": "言論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yánlùn",
"word": "言论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yáncí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "言辭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yáncí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "言辞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìmóu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "計謀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìmóu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "计谋"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "計議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jìyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "计议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "計較"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "计较"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǎolùn",
"word": "討論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tǎolùn",
"word": "讨论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "評"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "评"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínglùn",
"word": "評論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pínglùn",
"word": "评论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "說"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "说"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shuōhé",
"word": "說合"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shuōhé",
"word": "说合"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shuōdao",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "說道"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shuōdao",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "说道"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tánpàn",
"word": "談判"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tánpàn",
"word": "谈判"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tánlùn",
"word": "談論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tánlùn",
"word": "谈论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "móulǜ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "謀慮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "móulǜ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "谋虑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiǎnglùn",
"word": "講論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiǎnglùn",
"word": "讲论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yì",
"word": "議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yì",
"word": "议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yìlùn",
"word": "議論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yìlùn",
"word": "议论"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "錦議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "锦议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chǎnlùn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "闡論"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chǎnlùn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "阐论"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Education",
"orig": "zh:Education",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "研究"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "연구(硏究)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "硏究",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nghiên cứu",
"bor": "1",
"id": "研究",
"t": "",
"tr": "研究"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"3": "연구",
"4": "nghiên cứu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "硏究",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "研究",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "研究",
"v": "研究",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"3": "연구",
"4": "nghiên cứu",
"h": "硏究"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese nouns classified by 項/项",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "50 14 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Beginning Mandarin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 15 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 12 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 17 18 14 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 17 18 13 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "中央研究院"
},
{
"word": "作業研究"
},
{
"word": "作业研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "個案研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "个案研究"
},
{
"roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
"word": "區域研究"
},
{
"roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
"word": "区域研究"
},
{
"roman": "nǚxìng yánjiū",
"word": "女性研究"
},
{
"roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
"word": "婦女研究"
},
{
"roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
"word": "妇女研究"
},
{
"word": "學術研究"
},
{
"word": "学术研究"
},
{
"roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
"word": "實證研究"
},
{
"roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
"word": "实证研究"
},
{
"roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
"word": "底邊研究"
},
{
"roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
"word": "底边研究"
},
{
"roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
"word": "性別研究"
},
{
"roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
"word": "性别研究"
},
{
"roman": "jiékè yánjiū",
"word": "捷克研究"
},
{
"roman": "wénhuà yánjiū",
"word": "文化研究"
},
{
"roman": "ànlì yánjiū",
"word": "案例研究"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究员"
},
{
"word": "研究室"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūjú",
"word": "研究局"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūsuǒ",
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūhuì",
"word": "研究會"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūhuì",
"word": "研究会"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūshēng",
"word": "研究生"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūzhě",
"word": "研究者"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūjīn",
"word": "研究金"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuàn",
"word": "研究院"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
"word": "社會研究"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
"word": "社会研究"
},
{
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"word": "科學研究"
},
{
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"word": "科学研究"
},
{
"roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
"word": "翻譯研究"
},
{
"roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
"word": "翻译研究"
},
{
"word": "通信研究員"
},
{
"word": "通信研究员"
},
{
"roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
"word": "郵票研究"
},
{
"roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
"word": "邮票研究"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to conduct a research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
"text": "做一項研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to conduct a research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
"text": "做一项研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "feasibility study",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "kěxíngxìng yánjiū",
"text": "可行性研究",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項／项 m)"
],
"id": "en-研究-zh-noun-~Se5GULA",
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"investigation",
"investigation"
],
[
"項",
"項#Chinese"
],
[
"项",
"项#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, uncountable) research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項／项 m)"
],
"related": [
{
"roman": "wéixué",
"word": "為學"
},
{
"roman": "wéixué",
"word": "为学"
},
{
"roman": "zhìxué",
"word": "治學"
},
{
"roman": "zhìxué",
"word": "治学"
},
{
"roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
"word": "做學問"
},
{
"roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
"word": "做学问"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"sense": "investigation",
"word": "調查"
},
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"sense": "investigation",
"word": "调查"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "янҗю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "i͡anži͡u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjio̊u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan.jiou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яньцзю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹczju"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yanjiow"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn gau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ ngiu⁴]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiu⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnkiux"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng kiù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ ngiu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けんきゅう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cdo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Min",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研"
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "ja-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 研究 (ngen *kiuᴴ?). Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu, Eastern Min ngiĕng-géu, Min Nan gián-kiù.\nThe original on'yomi for the first character 研 was gen, more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "研究",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けんきゅう"
},
"expansion": "研(けん)究(きゅう) • (kenkyū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kenkyū kaihatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"研究開発",
"けんきゅうかいはつ"
]
],
"word": "研究開発"
},
{
"roman": "kenkyūsei",
"ruby": [
[
"研究生",
"けんきゅうせい"
]
],
"word": "研究生"
},
{
"roman": "kenkyūjo",
"ruby": [
[
"研究所",
"けんきゅうじょ"
]
],
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"roman": "kenkyūin",
"ruby": [
[
"研究員",
"けんきゅういん"
]
],
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"roman": "kenkyūsha",
"ruby": [
[
"研究者",
"けんきゅうしゃ"
]
],
"word": "研究者"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Research cannot advance without mistakes along the way.",
"ref": "1928, 寺田寅彦, 雑感",
"roman": "Machigaeru koto nashi ni wa kenkyū wa susumerarenai.",
"ruby": [
[
"間違",
"まちが"
],
[
"事",
"こと"
],
[
"研究",
"けんきゅう"
],
[
"進",
"すす"
]
],
"text": "間違える事なしには研究は進められない。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a piece of research, a study, investigation"
],
"id": "en-研究-ja-noun-LdieKR2J",
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"investigation",
"investigation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けんきゅう"
},
{
"ipa": "[kẽ̞ŋʲkʲɨː]"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けんきゅう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cdo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Min",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研"
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "ja-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 研究 (ngen *kiuᴴ?). Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu, Eastern Min ngiĕng-géu, Min Nan gián-kiù.\nThe original on'yomi for the first character 研 was gen, more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "研究する",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "研究し",
"roman": "kenkyū shi",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "研究した",
"roman": "kenkyū shita",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研究し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研究する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研究すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研究せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研究させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "研究した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "研究して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "研究すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "These works have been studied.",
"ref": "1931, 宮本百合子, 五ヵ年計画とソヴェトの芸術",
"roman": "Korera no sakuhin ga kenkyū sareta.",
"ruby": [
[
"作品",
"さくひん"
],
[
"研究",
"けんきゅう"
]
],
"text": "これらの作品が研究された。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research, to study"
],
"id": "en-研究-ja-verb-452saFqr",
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けんきゅう"
},
{
"ipa": "[kẽ̞ŋʲkʲɨː]"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "yeon'gu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "연구",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "연구"
},
"expansion": "研究 • (yeon'gu) (hangeul 연구)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "research",
"word": "硏究"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 硏究 (“research”)"
],
"id": "en-研究-ko-noun-vjsKTASb",
"links": [
[
"硏究",
"硏究#Korean"
],
[
"research",
"research"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of nghiên cứu (“to research”)."
],
"id": "en-研究-vi-verb-dfDDh-2x",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"nghiên cứu",
"nghiên cứu#Vietnamese:_研究"
],
[
"research",
"research"
]
]
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 研",
"Chinese terms spelled with 究",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Education",
"zh:Talking"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研製"
},
{
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研制"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese intransitive verbs",
"Chinese transitive verbs",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to conduct research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
"text": "進行研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to conduct research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "jìnxíng yánjiū",
"text": "进行研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research direction",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū fāngxiàng",
"text": "研究方向",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research method",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū fāngfǎ",
"text": "研究方法",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research findings",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū chéngguǒ",
"text": "研究成果",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "scientific research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"text": "科學研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "scientific research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"text": "科学研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research subject",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
"text": "研究對象",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "research subject",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū duìxiàng",
"text": "研究对象",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
"text": "研究開發",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to research and develop; to do R&D",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "yánjiū kāifā",
"text": "研究开发",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research; to study"
],
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, transitive) to research; to study"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese transitive verbs",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "This problem requires discussion.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "這個問題有待研究。",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "This problem requires discussion.",
"raw_tags": [
"MSC",
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū.",
"tags": [
"Pinyin"
],
"text": "这个问题有待研究。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
],
"links": [
[
"deliberate",
"deliberate"
],
[
"discuss",
"discuss"
],
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "янҗю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "i͡anži͡u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjio̊u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan.jiou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яньцзю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹczju"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yanjiow"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn gau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ ngiu⁴]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiu⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnkiux"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng kiù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ ngiu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "tàntǎo",
"word": "探討"
},
{
"roman": "tàntǎo",
"word": "探讨"
},
{
"roman": "kōu",
"word": "摳"
},
{
"roman": "kōu",
"word": "抠"
},
{
"roman": "chákǎo",
"word": "查考"
},
{
"roman": "yánxiū",
"word": "研修"
},
{
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研習"
},
{
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研习"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"roman": "jīngyán",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "精研"
},
{
"roman": "xìjiū",
"word": "細究"
},
{
"roman": "xìjiū",
"word": "细究"
},
{
"word": "考究"
},
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"word": "調查"
},
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"word": "调查"
},
{
"word": "鑽"
},
{
"word": "钻"
},
{
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "鑽研"
},
{
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "钻研"
},
{
"roman": "jiāoshè",
"word": "交涉"
},
{
"english": "king1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"informal"
],
"word": "傾"
},
{
"english": "king1",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"informal"
],
"word": "倾"
},
{
"roman": "xiéshāng",
"word": "協商"
},
{
"roman": "xiéshāng",
"word": "协商"
},
{
"roman": "xiéyì",
"word": "協議"
},
{
"roman": "xiéyì",
"word": "协议"
},
{
"roman": "kǒuyǔ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "口語"
},
{
"roman": "kǒuyǔ",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "口语"
},
{
"english": "chiefly in an academic context",
"roman": "shāngquè",
"word": "商榷"
},
{
"roman": "shāngtǎo",
"word": "商討"
},
{
"roman": "shāngtǎo",
"word": "商讨"
},
{
"roman": "shāngtán",
"word": "商談"
},
{
"roman": "shāngtán",
"word": "商谈"
},
{
"roman": "shāngyì",
"word": "商議"
},
{
"roman": "shāngyì",
"word": "商议"
},
{
"roman": "shāngliang",
"word": "商量"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "接接"
},
{
"roman": "jiēqià",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "接洽"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "插話"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "插话"
},
{
"roman": "huìtán",
"word": "會談"
},
{
"roman": "huìtán",
"word": "会谈"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "槌摃鐵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "槌𫼱铁"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou-Hokkien"
],
"word": "比接"
},
{
"roman": "qiàshāng",
"word": "洽商"
},
{
"roman": "qiàtán",
"word": "洽談"
},
{
"roman": "qiàtán",
"word": "洽谈"
},
{
"roman": "shēnlùn",
"word": "申論"
},
{
"roman": "shēnlùn",
"word": "申论"
},
{
"roman": "cuōshāng",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "磋商"
},
{
"roman": "cuōyì",
"word": "磋議"
},
{
"roman": "cuōyì",
"word": "磋议"
},
{
"roman": "móhé",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "磨合"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "觸牙"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "触牙"
},
{
"roman": "yánshuō",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "言說"
},
{
"roman": "yánshuō",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "言说"
},
{
"roman": "yánlùn",
"word": "言論"
},
{
"roman": "yánlùn",
"word": "言论"
},
{
"roman": "yáncí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "言辭"
},
{
"roman": "yáncí",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "言辞"
},
{
"roman": "jìmóu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "計謀"
},
{
"roman": "jìmóu",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "计谋"
},
{
"roman": "jìyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "計議"
},
{
"roman": "jìyì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "计议"
},
{
"word": "計較"
},
{
"word": "计较"
},
{
"roman": "tǎolùn",
"word": "討論"
},
{
"roman": "tǎolùn",
"word": "讨论"
},
{
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "評"
},
{
"roman": "píng",
"tags": [
"in-compounds",
"literary"
],
"word": "评"
},
{
"roman": "pínglùn",
"word": "評論"
},
{
"roman": "pínglùn",
"word": "评论"
},
{
"word": "說"
},
{
"word": "说"
},
{
"roman": "shuōhé",
"word": "說合"
},
{
"roman": "shuōhé",
"word": "说合"
},
{
"roman": "shuōdao",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "說道"
},
{
"roman": "shuōdao",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "说道"
},
{
"roman": "tánpàn",
"word": "談判"
},
{
"roman": "tánpàn",
"word": "谈判"
},
{
"roman": "tánlùn",
"word": "談論"
},
{
"roman": "tánlùn",
"word": "谈论"
},
{
"roman": "móulǜ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "謀慮"
},
{
"roman": "móulǜ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "谋虑"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎnglùn",
"word": "講論"
},
{
"roman": "jiǎnglùn",
"word": "讲论"
},
{
"roman": "yì",
"word": "議"
},
{
"roman": "yì",
"word": "议"
},
{
"roman": "yìlùn",
"word": "議論"
},
{
"roman": "yìlùn",
"word": "议论"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "錦議"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "锦议"
},
{
"roman": "chǎnlùn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "闡論"
},
{
"roman": "chǎnlùn",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "阐论"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"categories": [
"Beginning Mandarin",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms spelled with 研",
"Chinese terms spelled with 究",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Middle Chinese nouns",
"Middle Chinese verbs",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"zh:Education",
"zh:Talking"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "中央研究院"
},
{
"word": "作業研究"
},
{
"word": "作业研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "個案研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "个案研究"
},
{
"roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
"word": "區域研究"
},
{
"roman": "qūyù yánjiū",
"word": "区域研究"
},
{
"roman": "nǚxìng yánjiū",
"word": "女性研究"
},
{
"roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
"word": "婦女研究"
},
{
"roman": "fùnǚ yánjiū",
"word": "妇女研究"
},
{
"word": "學術研究"
},
{
"word": "学术研究"
},
{
"roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
"word": "實證研究"
},
{
"roman": "shízhèng yánjiū",
"word": "实证研究"
},
{
"roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
"word": "底邊研究"
},
{
"roman": "dǐbiān yánjiū",
"word": "底边研究"
},
{
"roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
"word": "性別研究"
},
{
"roman": "xìngbié yánjiū",
"word": "性别研究"
},
{
"roman": "jiékè yánjiū",
"word": "捷克研究"
},
{
"roman": "wénhuà yánjiū",
"word": "文化研究"
},
{
"roman": "ànlì yánjiū",
"word": "案例研究"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究员"
},
{
"word": "研究室"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūjú",
"word": "研究局"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūsuǒ",
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūhuì",
"word": "研究會"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūhuì",
"word": "研究会"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūshēng",
"word": "研究生"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūzhě",
"word": "研究者"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūjīn",
"word": "研究金"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuàn",
"word": "研究院"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
"word": "社會研究"
},
{
"roman": "shèhuì yánjiū",
"word": "社会研究"
},
{
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"word": "科學研究"
},
{
"roman": "kēxué yánjiū",
"word": "科学研究"
},
{
"roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
"word": "翻譯研究"
},
{
"roman": "fānyì yánjiū",
"word": "翻译研究"
},
{
"word": "通信研究員"
},
{
"word": "通信研究员"
},
{
"roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
"word": "郵票研究"
},
{
"roman": "yóupiào yánjiū",
"word": "邮票研究"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "研究"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "연구(硏究)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"id": "硏究",
"id2": "",
"id3": "",
"id4": "",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "nghiên cứu",
"bor": "1",
"id": "研究",
"t": "",
"tr": "研究"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"3": "연구",
"4": "nghiên cứu",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "硏究",
"j2": "",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "研究",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "研究",
"v": "研究",
"v2": "",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "けんきゅう",
"3": "연구",
"4": "nghiên cứu",
"h": "硏究"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (研究):\n* → Japanese: 研究(けんきゅう) (kenkyū)\n* → Korean: 연구(硏究) (yeon'gu)\n* → Vietnamese: nghiên cứu (研究)"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "wéixué",
"word": "為學"
},
{
"roman": "wéixué",
"word": "为学"
},
{
"roman": "zhìxué",
"word": "治學"
},
{
"roman": "zhìxué",
"word": "治学"
},
{
"roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
"word": "做學問"
},
{
"roman": "zuò xuéwèn",
"word": "做学问"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese countable nouns",
"Chinese nouns classified by 項/项",
"Chinese uncountable nouns",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to conduct a research",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
"text": "做一項研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to conduct a research",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified Chinese"
],
"roman": "zuò yī xiàng yánjiū",
"text": "做一项研究",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "feasibility study",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional Chinese"
],
"roman": "kěxíngxìng yánjiū",
"text": "可行性研究",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項／项 m)"
],
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"investigation",
"investigation"
],
[
"項",
"項#Chinese"
],
[
"项",
"项#Chinese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, uncountable) research; study; investigation (Classifier: 項／项 m)"
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "янҗю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "i͡anži͡u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹ giu¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ giu³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵ giu³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiū"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"toneless-final-syllable-variant"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ˙ㄐㄧㄡ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjio̊u"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan.jiou"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "яньцзю"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹczju"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/ ",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": " /jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄡˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánjiòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-chiu⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-jyòu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yanjiow"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn gau"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ gau³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ geo³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-kiu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ giu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ giu⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng-géu"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² giu⁴ [Phonetic:ngieng¹ ngiu⁴]"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-giu̍"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiu⁴²/",
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnkiux"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng kiù"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng kiù"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni-cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "nyi^平 cieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi-jieu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH kjuwH"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ d͡ʑ̥i̯oʊ̯³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ t͡ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iæ̃²⁴ t͡ɕiou²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ kɐu̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴⁻¹¹ ki̯u⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴ kiu⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiɛu²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng¹ ngiu⁴]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiu⁴²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiu⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kiu¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kiu²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kiu²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵⁵ t͡ɕiɤ²¹/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"sense": "investigation",
"word": "調查"
},
{
"roman": "diàochá",
"sense": "investigation",
"word": "调查"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kenkyū kaihatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"研究開発",
"けんきゅうかいはつ"
]
],
"word": "研究開発"
},
{
"roman": "kenkyūsei",
"ruby": [
[
"研究生",
"けんきゅうせい"
]
],
"word": "研究生"
},
{
"roman": "kenkyūjo",
"ruby": [
[
"研究所",
"けんきゅうじょ"
]
],
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"roman": "kenkyūin",
"ruby": [
[
"研究員",
"けんきゅういん"
]
],
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"roman": "kenkyūsha",
"ruby": [
[
"研究者",
"けんきゅうしゃ"
]
],
"word": "研究者"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けんきゅう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cdo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Min",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研"
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "ja-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 研究 (ngen *kiuᴴ?). Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu, Eastern Min ngiĕng-géu, Min Nan gián-kiù.\nThe original on'yomi for the first character 研 was gen, more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "研究",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "けんきゅう"
},
"expansion": "研(けん)究(きゅう) • (kenkyū)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Research cannot advance without mistakes along the way.",
"ref": "1928, 寺田寅彦, 雑感",
"roman": "Machigaeru koto nashi ni wa kenkyū wa susumerarenai.",
"ruby": [
[
"間違",
"まちが"
],
[
"事",
"こと"
],
[
"研究",
"けんきゅう"
],
[
"進",
"すす"
]
],
"text": "間違える事なしには研究は進められない。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a piece of research, a study, investigation"
],
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"investigation",
"investigation"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けんきゅう"
},
{
"ipa": "[kẽ̞ŋʲkʲɨː]"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "けんきゅう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cdo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Eastern Min",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nan",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Min Nan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研",
"2": "",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "ja-l/helper"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "研"
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "ja-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 研究 (ngen *kiuᴴ?). Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu, Eastern Min ngiĕng-géu, Min Nan gián-kiù.\nThe original on'yomi for the first character 研 was gen, more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "研究する",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "研究し",
"roman": "kenkyū shi",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "研究した",
"roman": "kenkyū shita",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "研究し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研究する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研究すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "研究せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "研究させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "研究しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "研究します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "研究した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "研究して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "研究すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "けんきゅうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "kenkyū sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "These works have been studied.",
"ref": "1931, 宮本百合子, 五ヵ年計画とソヴェトの芸術",
"roman": "Korera no sakuhin ga kenkyū sareta.",
"ruby": [
[
"作品",
"さくひん"
],
[
"研究",
"けんきゅう"
]
],
"text": "これらの作品が研究された。"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research, to study"
],
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"study",
"study"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "けんきゅう"
},
{
"ipa": "[kẽ̞ŋʲkʲɨː]"
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "yeon'gu",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "연구",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "연구"
},
"expansion": "研究 • (yeon'gu) (hangeul 연구)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "research",
"word": "硏究"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean links with redundant alt parameters",
"Korean links with redundant wikilinks",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 硏究 (“research”)"
],
"links": [
[
"硏究",
"硏究#Korean"
],
[
"research",
"research"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "verb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "研究",
"name": "vi-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese verbs",
"Vietnamese verbs in Han script"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of nghiên cứu (“to research”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"nghiên cứu",
"nghiên cứu#Vietnamese:_研究"
],
[
"research",
"research"
]
]
}
],
"word": "研究"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 研究 meaning in All languages combined (36.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": "started on line 90, detected on line 96"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Báⁿ-uā-ci̍'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Putian, Xianyou)'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: \"Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing)\"",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: \"Pouseng Ping'ing\"",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E9%91%BD%E7%A0%94'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/2196",
"msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%95%86%E9%87%8F'], ['edit']){} >",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"研究"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "研究",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.