See pest on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pest meaning in All languages combined (34.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "building and pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "chicken pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fowl pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "garden pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "integrated pest management"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pest control"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pest controller"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "serial pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sex pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tin pest"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "peste",
"t": "pestilence"
},
"expansion": "Middle French peste (“pestilence”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "peste"
},
"expansion": "French peste",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In the 16th century in the sense of \"pestilence\" and specifically bubonic plague from Middle French peste (“pestilence”) (whence French peste). The other meanings are recorded soon after. Ultimately from Latin pestis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pests",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pest (plural pests)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pester"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pesting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pesthole"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pesthouse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pesticidal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pesticide"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pestiferous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pestilence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pestilent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pestilential"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 March 24, Qing Zhu, Zhang Ming, “Amid Coronavirus Pandemic, China Faces Plague of Locusts”, in Minghui",
"text": "From the perspective of traditional Chinese culture, pests and famines are reflections of the current administration’s lack of moral values and deviation from divine will. The head of the administration (the emperor in the past) would then issue an edict to sincerely repent and correct his wrongdoings.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pestilence, i.e. a deadly epidemic, a deadly plague."
],
"id": "en-pest-en-noun-fh939Xgq",
"links": [
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
],
[
"epidemic",
"epidemic"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) A pestilence, i.e. a deadly epidemic, a deadly plague."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čuma",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чума"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pesta"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "plaag"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "peste"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Seuche"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "panoúkla",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πανούκλα"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mástiga",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μάστιγα"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pligí",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πληγή"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "loimós",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "λοιμός"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "pes"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čúma",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чу́ма"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "taʼun",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "طاعون"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plaga"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zaraza"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epidemia"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pestă"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čumá",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чума́"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mor",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мор"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plàigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pestilencia"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epidemia"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "angol"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "tl",
"english": "animal",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "taping"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 3 18 18 6",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "pesse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 57 11 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any destructive insect that attacks crops or livestock; an agricultural pest."
],
"id": "en-pest-en-noun-9LLgXtub",
"links": [
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vnasatu",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "վնասատու"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vnasatu kendani",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "վնասատու կենդանի"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "utič",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "ուտիճ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "škódnik",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шко́днік"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vreditel",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вредител"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "skadedyr"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "plaag"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "kahjur"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "tuhoeläin"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuisible"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mavnebeli",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "მავნებელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schädling"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "meindýr"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parassita"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "štetočina",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "штеточина"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "orotā"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "kīrearea"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skadedyr"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skadedyr"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szkodnik"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "insekt"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vredítelʹ",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вреди́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "errebiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plàigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "štetòčina"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štȅtnīk"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skadedjur"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "haşere"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "škidnýk",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шкідни́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "minimil"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "vo",
"english": "animal",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "dämabanim"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "dämabanimil"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "vo",
"english": "insect",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "dämabanäsäk"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 63 1 31 3",
"code": "vo",
"english": "plant",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "dämabaplan"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An annoying person, a nuisance."
],
"id": "en-pest-en-noun-lzBMIVO7",
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
],
[
"nuisance",
"nuisance"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dosadnik",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "досадник"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "plage"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "plageånd"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "pestilens"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lastpak"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "maanvaiva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "kiusankappale"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "kiusanhenki"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nervensäge"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Quälgeist"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "zizánio",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ζιζάνιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crá croí"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "orotā"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "nanakia"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "pōrearea"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "doo yildinii"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Onjenieech"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ploag"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vredítelʹ",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вреди́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parazít",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "парази́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plàigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dosadnjáković"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dosàdnjāk"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 86 10 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moscardón"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An animal regarded as a nuisance, destructive, or a parasite, vermin."
],
"id": "en-pest-en-noun-HWKteMyd",
"links": [
[
"parasite",
"parasite"
],
[
"vermin",
"vermin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An invasive weed."
],
"id": "en-pest-en-noun-nGhNaDag",
"links": [
[
"invasive",
"invasive"
],
[
"weed",
"weed"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛst/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pest.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pest.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pest.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pest.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pest.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-pest.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-pest.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-pest.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-pest.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-pest.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 10 43 39 5",
"sense": "creature",
"word": "bug"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fr",
"3": "peste"
},
"expansion": "French peste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis",
"4": "",
"5": "disease, plague, pest, destruction"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis (“disease, plague, pest, destruction”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French peste, from Latin pestis (“disease, plague, pest, destruction”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun",
"3": "uncountable",
"4": "",
"5": "singular definite",
"6": "pesten",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "pest c (uncountable, singular definite pesten)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "da",
"name": "Diseases",
"orig": "da:Diseases",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plague"
],
"id": "en-pest-da-noun-KvPexLJp",
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) plague"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pestilence"
],
"id": "en-pest-da-noun-wZgzXKk~",
"links": [
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) pestilence"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛst/"
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɛsd̥]"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "als de pest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "builenpest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "koeienpest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestbacil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestblaar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestbos"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestbuil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pesten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestepidemie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pester"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pesterij"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestgeval"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestgezwel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pesthaard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pesthekel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pesthol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pesthuis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestilent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestkop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestlijder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestlucht"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestvent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestvogel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pestziek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "varkenspest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vogelpest"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "pest"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: pest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: pest"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pes",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: pes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: pes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ペスト",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "pesuto"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ペスト (pesuto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ペスト (pesuto)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "peste",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: peste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: peste"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "pest f (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A plague, pest, pestilence."
],
"id": "en-pest-nl-noun-3vzoWbMQ",
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A specific bovine plague"
],
"id": "en-pest-nl-noun-5244Th2U",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An obnoxious person"
],
"id": "en-pest-nl-noun-0IDUky9S",
"links": [
[
"obnoxious",
"obnoxious"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Nl-pest.ogg/Nl-pest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Nl-pest.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 53 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pesten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pesten:\n## first/second/third-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first/second/third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-pest-nl-verb--fPmYJU3",
"links": [
[
"pesten",
"pesten#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pesten:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pesten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pesten:\n## first/second/third-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-pest-nl-verb-Q1aaeSkb",
"links": [
[
"pesten",
"pesten#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pesten:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Nl-pest.ogg/Nl-pest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Nl-pest.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "پەست",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ar": "پەست",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "pest f (Arabic spelling پەست)",
"name": "kmr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pressure, oppression"
],
"id": "en-pest-kmr-noun-vyY-e4ZY",
"links": [
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
],
[
"oppression",
"oppression"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛst/"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pestis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pesta",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nb",
"name": "Diseases",
"orig": "nb:Diseases",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "byllepest"
},
{
"word": "forpeste"
},
{
"word": "pestepidemi"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "avoid (something/someone) like the plague",
"text": "sky (noe/noen) som pesten"
},
{
"english": "choose the lesser of two evils",
"text": "velge mellom pest og kolera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a plague"
],
"id": "en-pest-nb-noun-cOKwRbhn",
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:pest"
]
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pestis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pesten",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestar",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestane",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesta",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pester",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestene",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "nn",
"name": "Diseases",
"orig": "nn:Diseases",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Health",
"Pathology",
"Body",
"Medicine",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "byllepest"
},
{
"word": "forpeste"
},
{
"word": "harepest"
},
{
"word": "musepest"
},
{
"word": "pestepidemi"
},
{
"english": "humanoid personification of the plague",
"word": "Pesta"
},
{
"word": "tinnpest"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "avoid (something/someone) like the plague",
"text": "sky (noko/nokon) som pesten"
},
{
"english": "choose the lesser of two evils",
"text": "velje mellom pest og kolera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a plague"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-pest-nn-noun-cOKwRbhn",
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:pest"
]
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pęstь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pęstь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pęstь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pęstь",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pęstь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pȇst",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "пе̑ст",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pȇst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péstī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pešću",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "pȇst"
},
"expansion": "pȇst f (Cyrillic spelling пе̑ст)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pȇst",
"10": "pesti",
"11": "pesti",
"12": "pestima",
"13": "pesti/pešću",
"14": "pestima",
"2": "pesti",
"3": "pesti",
"4": "péstī",
"5": "pesti",
"6": "pestima",
"7": "pest",
"8": "pesti",
"9": "pesti"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-pest-sh-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, literary) fist"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pêːst/"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pęstь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pęstь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "пест",
"sc": "Cyrl"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian пест",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pest"
},
"expansion": "pest",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "päsť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak päsť",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пясть",
"3": "",
"4": "middle part of the hand"
},
"expansion": "Russian пясть (pjastʹ, “middle part of the hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "запя́стье",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "запя́стье (zapjástʹje)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пестник"
},
"expansion": "пестник (pestnik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "песник"
},
"expansion": "песник (pesnik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пестница"
},
"expansion": "пестница (pestnica)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πυγμή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fist"
},
"expansion": "English fist",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "German Faust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pęstь. Cognate with Serbo-Croatian пест, pest, Slovak päsť, Russian пясть (pjastʹ, “middle part of the hand”) and запя́стье (zapjástʹje), dialectal Bulgarian (Western dialects) пестник (pestnik), песник (pesnik), пестница (pestnica). Compare Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ), English fist, German Faust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pẹ̑st",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-f-i-mobile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-f-i-mobile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pést",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pêsti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestéma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pestém",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pést",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pêsti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestéh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pestéh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestjó",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestéma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pestmí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pẹ̑st",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "pẹ̑st f",
"name": "sl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pést",
"2": "pêst"
},
"name": "sl-decl-noun-f-i-mobile"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene feminine i-stem nouns with long mixed accent",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sl",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "sl:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pésten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-pest-sl-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) fist"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/péːst/"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blodpest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "böldpest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lungpest"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pest och pina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sky som pesten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "välja mellan pest och kolera"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Latin pestis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pest c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "pest c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A plague"
],
"id": "en-pest-sv-noun-nuJPPY78",
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pest; something deeply annoying"
],
"id": "en-pest-sv-noun-ykR1kI4w",
"links": [
[
"pest",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "particle",
"head": "pest"
},
"expansion": "pest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tocharian B entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tocharian B particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a perfectivizing particle used with verbs"
],
"id": "en-pest-txb-particle-cLfacE1A",
"links": [
[
"particle",
"particle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish terms derived from French",
"Danish terms derived from Latin",
"Danish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "fr",
"3": "peste"
},
"expansion": "French peste",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis",
"4": "",
"5": "disease, plague, pest, destruction"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis (“disease, plague, pest, destruction”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French peste, from Latin pestis (“disease, plague, pest, destruction”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun",
"3": "uncountable",
"4": "",
"5": "singular definite",
"6": "pesten",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "pest c (uncountable, singular definite pesten)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"da:Diseases"
],
"glosses": [
"plague"
],
"links": [
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pathology) plague"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pestilence"
],
"links": [
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) pestilence"
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛst/"
},
{
"ipa": "[pʰɛsd̥]"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛst",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛst/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "als de pest"
},
{
"word": "builenpest"
},
{
"word": "koeienpest"
},
{
"word": "pestbacil"
},
{
"word": "pestblaar"
},
{
"word": "pestbos"
},
{
"word": "pestbuil"
},
{
"word": "pesten"
},
{
"word": "pestepidemie"
},
{
"word": "pester"
},
{
"word": "pesterij"
},
{
"word": "pestgeval"
},
{
"word": "pestgezwel"
},
{
"word": "pesthaard"
},
{
"word": "pesthekel"
},
{
"word": "pesthol"
},
{
"word": "pesthuis"
},
{
"word": "pestilent"
},
{
"word": "pestkop"
},
{
"word": "pestlijder"
},
{
"word": "pestlucht"
},
{
"word": "pestvent"
},
{
"word": "pestvogel"
},
{
"word": "pestziek"
},
{
"word": "varkenspest"
},
{
"word": "vogelpest"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "pest"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: pest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: pest"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pes",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: pes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: pes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ペスト",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "pesuto"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: ペスト (pesuto)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: ペスト (pesuto)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "peste",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: peste",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: peste"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "pest f (uncountable)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A plague, pest, pestilence."
],
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A specific bovine plague"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An obnoxious person"
],
"links": [
[
"obnoxious",
"obnoxious"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Nl-pest.ogg/Nl-pest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Nl-pest.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch uncountable nouns",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛst",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛst/1 syllable"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pesten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pesten:\n## first/second/third-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first/second/third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"pesten",
"pesten#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pesten:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "pesten"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of pesten:\n## first/second/third-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"pesten",
"pesten#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of pesten:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-pest.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Nl-pest.ogg/Nl-pest.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Nl-pest.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɛst",
"Rhymes:English/ɛst/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "building and pest"
},
{
"word": "chicken pest"
},
{
"word": "fowl pest"
},
{
"word": "garden pest"
},
{
"word": "integrated pest management"
},
{
"word": "pest control"
},
{
"word": "pest controller"
},
{
"word": "serial pest"
},
{
"word": "sex pest"
},
{
"word": "tin pest"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "peste",
"t": "pestilence"
},
"expansion": "Middle French peste (“pestilence”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "peste"
},
"expansion": "French peste",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In the 16th century in the sense of \"pestilence\" and specifically bubonic plague from Middle French peste (“pestilence”) (whence French peste). The other meanings are recorded soon after. Ultimately from Latin pestis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pests",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pest (plural pests)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pester"
},
{
"word": "pesting"
},
{
"word": "pesthole"
},
{
"word": "pesthouse"
},
{
"word": "pesticidal"
},
{
"word": "pesticide"
},
{
"word": "pestiferous"
},
{
"word": "pestilence"
},
{
"word": "pestilent"
},
{
"word": "pestilential"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 March 24, Qing Zhu, Zhang Ming, “Amid Coronavirus Pandemic, China Faces Plague of Locusts”, in Minghui",
"text": "From the perspective of traditional Chinese culture, pests and famines are reflections of the current administration’s lack of moral values and deviation from divine will. The head of the administration (the emperor in the past) would then issue an edict to sincerely repent and correct his wrongdoings.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pestilence, i.e. a deadly epidemic, a deadly plague."
],
"links": [
[
"pestilence",
"pestilence"
],
[
"epidemic",
"epidemic"
],
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(now rare) A pestilence, i.e. a deadly epidemic, a deadly plague."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any destructive insect that attacks crops or livestock; an agricultural pest."
],
"links": [
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An annoying person, a nuisance."
],
"links": [
[
"annoy",
"annoy"
],
[
"nuisance",
"nuisance"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An animal regarded as a nuisance, destructive, or a parasite, vermin."
],
"links": [
[
"parasite",
"parasite"
],
[
"vermin",
"vermin"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An invasive weed."
],
"links": [
[
"invasive",
"invasive"
],
[
"weed",
"weed"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛst/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛst"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pest.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pest.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pest.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pest.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pest.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Wodencafe-pest.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-pest.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-pest.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-pest.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Wodencafe-pest.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "creature",
"word": "bug"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "čuma",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чума"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pesta"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plaga"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "pest"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "plaag"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "peste"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Seuche"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pest"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "panoúkla",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πανούκλα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mástiga",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "μάστιγα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "pligí",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πληγή"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "loimós",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "λοιμός"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "pes"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "čúma",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чу́ма"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "taʼun",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "طاعون"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plaga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "zaraza"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epidemia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pestă"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "čumá",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "чума́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mor",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мор"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plàigh"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pestilencia"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "epidemia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "plague",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pest"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "angol"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"english": "animal",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "taping"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "plague",
"word": "pesse"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vnasatu",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "վնասատու"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "vnasatu kendani",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "վնասատու կենդանի"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "utič",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "ուտիճ"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "škódnik",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шко́днік"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vreditel",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вредител"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "skadedyr"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "pest"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "plaag"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "kahjur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "tuhoeläin"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nuisible"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mavnebeli",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "მავნებელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schädling"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "meindýr"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "parassita"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "štetočina",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "штеточина"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "orotā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "kīrearea"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skadedyr"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skadedyr"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "szkodnik"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "insekt"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vredítelʹ",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вреди́тель"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "errebiu"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plàigh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "štetòčina"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "štȅtnīk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skadedjur"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "haşere"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "škidnýk",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "шкідни́к"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "minimil"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "animal",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "dämabanim"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "dämabanimil"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "insect",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "dämabanäsäk"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"english": "plant",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "destructive insect",
"word": "dämabaplan"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dosadnik",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "досадник"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "plage"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "plageånd"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "pestilens"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lastpak"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "maanvaiva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "kiusankappale"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "kiusanhenki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Nervensäge"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Quälgeist"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "zizánio",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ζιζάνιο"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crá croí"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "orotā"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "nanakia"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "pōrearea"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "annoying person",
"word": "doo yildinii"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Onjenieech"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Ploag"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "peste"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vredítelʹ",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вреди́тель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "parazít",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "парази́т"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plàigh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dosadnjáković"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dosàdnjāk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moscardón"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "پەست",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ar": "پەست",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "pest f (Arabic spelling پەست)",
"name": "kmr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Kurdish 1-syllable words",
"Northern Kurdish entries with incorrect language header",
"Northern Kurdish feminine nouns",
"Northern Kurdish lemmas",
"Northern Kurdish nouns",
"Northern Kurdish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"pressure, oppression"
],
"links": [
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
],
[
"oppression",
"oppression"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɛst/"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "byllepest"
},
{
"word": "forpeste"
},
{
"word": "pestepidemi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pestis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pesta",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pesten",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pester",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin",
"nb:Diseases"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "avoid (something/someone) like the plague",
"text": "sky (noe/noen) som pesten"
},
{
"english": "choose the lesser of two evils",
"text": "velge mellom pest og kolera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a plague"
],
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:pest"
]
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "byllepest"
},
{
"word": "forpeste"
},
{
"word": "harepest"
},
{
"word": "musepest"
},
{
"word": "pestepidemi"
},
{
"english": "humanoid personification of the plague",
"word": "Pesta"
},
{
"word": "tinnpest"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pestis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pesten",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestar",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestane",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesta",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pester",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestene",
"head_nr": 2,
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin",
"nn:Diseases"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "avoid (something/someone) like the plague",
"text": "sky (noko/nokon) som pesten"
},
{
"english": "choose the lesser of two evils",
"text": "velje mellom pest og kolera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a plague"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:pest"
]
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pęstь",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pęstь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pęstь"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pęstь",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pęstь.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pȇst",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "пе̑ст",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sh-decl-noun\n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pȇst",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "péstī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pesti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pešću",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestima",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"head": "pȇst"
},
"expansion": "pȇst f (Cyrillic spelling пе̑ст)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pȇst",
"10": "pesti",
"11": "pesti",
"12": "pestima",
"13": "pesti/pešću",
"14": "pestima",
"2": "pesti",
"3": "pesti",
"4": "péstī",
"5": "pesti",
"6": "pestima",
"7": "pest",
"8": "pesti",
"9": "pesti"
},
"name": "sh-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Regional Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian feminine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian literary terms",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional, literary) fist"
],
"tags": [
"literary",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pêːst/"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "pésten"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pęstь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pęstь",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "пест",
"sc": "Cyrl"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian пест",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "pest"
},
"expansion": "pest",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "päsť"
},
"expansion": "Slovak päsť",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "пясть",
"3": "",
"4": "middle part of the hand"
},
"expansion": "Russian пясть (pjastʹ, “middle part of the hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "запя́стье",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "запя́стье (zapjástʹje)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пестник"
},
"expansion": "пестник (pestnik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "песник"
},
"expansion": "песник (pesnik)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "пестница"
},
"expansion": "пестница (pestnica)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πυγμή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fist"
},
"expansion": "English fist",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Faust"
},
"expansion": "German Faust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pęstь. Cognate with Serbo-Croatian пест, pest, Slovak päsť, Russian пясть (pjastʹ, “middle part of the hand”) and запя́стье (zapjástʹje), dialectal Bulgarian (Western dialects) пестник (pestnik), песник (pesnik), пестница (pestnica). Compare Ancient Greek πυγμή (pugmḗ), English fist, German Faust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pẹ̑st",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-f-i-mobile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sl-decl-noun-f-i-mobile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pést",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pêsti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestéma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pestém",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pést",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pestí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pêsti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestéh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pestéh",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pestjó",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pestéma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pestmí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pẹ̑st",
"2": "f"
},
"expansion": "pẹ̑st f",
"name": "sl-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pést",
"2": "pêst"
},
"name": "sl-decl-noun-f-i-mobile"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for accents in Slovene noun entries",
"Slovene 1-syllable words",
"Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovene feminine i-stem nouns",
"Slovene feminine i-stem nouns with long mixed accent",
"Slovene feminine nouns",
"Slovene lemmas",
"Slovene nouns",
"Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation",
"sl:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) fist"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/péːst/"
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"categories": [
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms derived from Latin"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blodpest"
},
{
"word": "böldpest"
},
{
"word": "lungpest"
},
{
"word": "pest och pina"
},
{
"word": "sky som pesten"
},
{
"word": "välja mellan pest och kolera"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "la",
"3": "pestis"
},
"expansion": "Latin pestis",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Latin pestis.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pest c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "pest c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A plague"
],
"links": [
[
"plague",
"plague"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A pest; something deeply annoying"
],
"links": [
[
"pest",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "particle",
"head": "pest"
},
"expansion": "pest",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tocharian B entries with incorrect language header",
"Tocharian B lemmas",
"Tocharian B particles",
"Tocharian B terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"glosses": [
"a perfectivizing particle used with verbs"
],
"links": [
[
"particle",
"particle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pest"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker",
"path": [
"pest"
],
"section": "Slovene",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pest",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for please help by adding the tonal marks.",
"path": [
"pest"
],
"section": "Slovene",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pest",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.