See fume on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fume meaning in All languages combined (34.9kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "exhaust fume"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fume cupboard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fume date"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fume hood"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fume"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fume",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fum",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke, steam, vapour"
},
"expansion": "Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūmus",
"4": "",
"5": "vapour, smoke"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰewh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to smoke, raise dust"
},
"expansion": "*dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thymus",
"3": "thymos"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of thymus and thymos",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "dun",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dusk"
},
"expansion": "dusk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "dust",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fume, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Doublet of thymus and thymos. More at dun, dusk, dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fume (plural fumes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 8 5 3 15 3 9 17 4 4 3 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Combustion",
"orig": "en:Combustion",
"parents": [
"Chemical processes",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Don't stand around in there breathing the fumes while the adhesive cures.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1753, Thomas Warton, Ode",
"text": "the fumes of new-shorn hay",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-noun-50WT82bN",
"links": [
[
"gas",
"gas"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
],
[
"vapor",
"vapor"
],
[
"inhale",
"inhale"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dim",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дим"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izparenie",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изпарение"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dúqì",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "毒气"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "from burning or smoldering",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "käry"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "vapor",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "höyry"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "cold vapor",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "huuru"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fume"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vapor"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rauch"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Qualm"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "wasap"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "hau kino"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "opar"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vapor"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "isparenije",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "испарение"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "humo"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 8 2 3 3 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "duman"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 41 9 1 8 3 18 3 1 2 2 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 27 5 3 4 3 10 5 3 4 3 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Gases",
"orig": "en:Gases",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 28 6 3 5 3 12 6 4 4 3 15",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Matter",
"orig": "en:Matter",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Lead fume is a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-noun-b6bmiPm1",
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 88 4 1 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "material that has re-coalesced to the solid state",
"word": "härme"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 88 4 1 4 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "material that has re-coalesced to the solid state",
"word": "is"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-noun-HVf69kZU",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 88 3 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jad",
"sense": "rage or excitement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "яд"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 88 3 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzbuda",
"sense": "rage or excitement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "възбуда"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 88 3 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rage or excitement",
"word": "kiihko"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-noun-GP7ysEF2",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 0 97 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anything unsubstantial or airy",
"word": "houre"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 8 5 3 15 3 9 17 4 4 3 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Combustion",
"orig": "en:Combustion",
"parents": [
"Chemical processes",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The incense of praise; inordinate flattery."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-noun-tot66gCr",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 3 1 1 93 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "incense of praise; inordinate flattery",
"word": "hehkutus"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A passionate person."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-noun-BbriTNPx",
"links": [
[
"passionate",
"passionate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A passionate person."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fjuːm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fume.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/En-us-fume.ogg/En-us-fume.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/En-us-fume.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fuming sulfuric acid"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fume"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fume",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fum",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke, steam, vapour"
},
"expansion": "Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūmus",
"4": "",
"5": "vapour, smoke"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰewh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to smoke, raise dust"
},
"expansion": "*dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thymus",
"3": "thymos"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of thymus and thymos",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "dun",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dusk"
},
"expansion": "dusk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "dust",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fume, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Doublet of thymus and thymos. More at dun, dusk, dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fuming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fumed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fumed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fume (third-person singular simple present fumes, present participle fuming, simple past and past participle fumed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-verb-EPw39v1b",
"links": [
[
"expose",
"expose"
],
[
"fumes",
"#Noun"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"ammonia",
"ammonia"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"tints",
"tint#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "80 3 7 5 1 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opušvam",
"sense": "to expose (something) to fumes",
"word": "опушвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 3 7 5 1 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to expose (something) to fumes",
"word": "höyryttää"
},
{
"_dis1": "80 3 7 5 1 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to expose (something) to fumes",
"word": "kül"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 8 5 3 15 3 9 17 4 4 3 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Combustion",
"orig": "en:Combustion",
"parents": [
"Chemical processes",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1740, John Dyer, “The Ruins of Rome. A Poem.”, in Poems. … Viz. I. Grongar Hill. II. The Ruins of Rome. III. The Fleece, in Four Books, London: Printed by John Hughs, for Messrs. R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1759, →OCLC, pages 42–43",
"text": "Tyrian garbs, / Neptunian Albion's high teſtaceous food [i.e., oysters], / And flavour'd Chian wines with incenſe fum'd / To ſlake Patrician thirſt: for theſe, their rights / In the vile ſtreets they proſtitute to ſale; / Their ancient rights, their dignities, their laws, / Their native glorious freedom.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply or offer incense to."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-verb-PYm0bAtO",
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"offer",
"offer"
],
[
"incense",
"incense#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To apply or offer incense to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 91 1 2 1 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kadja",
"sense": "to apply or offer incense to",
"word": "кадя"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1686, Earl of Roscommon [i.e., Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon], Samuel Johnson, “Virgil’s Sixth Eclogue, Silenus”, in The Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, […], volumes X (The Poems of Rochester, Roscommon, and Yalden), London: […] E. Cox; for C. Bathurst, […], published 1779, page 234, →OCLC",
"text": "Young Chromis and Mnaſylus chanc'd to ſtray / Where (ſleeping in a cave) Silenus lay, / Whoſe conſtant cups fly fuming to his brain, / And always boil in each extended vein; / His truſty flaggon, full of potent juice, / Was hanging by, worn thin with age and uſe; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To emit fumes."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-verb-wxJ-uJr~",
"links": [
[
"emit",
"emit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To emit fumes."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dimja",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "димя"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "puša",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "пуша"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "ryge"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "höyrytä"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "päästää kaasua"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "rauchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "qualmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "fūmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "ryke"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "ryke"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "fumegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "fumega"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "humear"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 1 84 6 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "tütmek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To pass off in fumes or vapours."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-verb-ihQ4oUEu",
"links": [
[
"pass off",
"pass off"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To pass off in fumes or vapours."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 4 88 1 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to pass off in fumes or vapours",
"word": "pyörtyä höyryihin"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He’s still fuming about the argument they had yesterday.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express or feel great anger."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-verb-tE0VbgDa",
"links": [
[
"express",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"anger",
"anger#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To express or feel great anger."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔistišāṭ ḡaḍaban",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "إِسْتِشَاط غَضَبًا"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṯār",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "ثَار"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "saar",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "ثار"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gnevja se",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "гневя се"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jadosvam se",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "ядосвам се"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "to feel",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "olla raivoissaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "vaahdota"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "fi",
"english": "to express",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "raivota"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "fulminer"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "schäumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qatzáf",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "קָצַף"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ratáẖ",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "רָתַח"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "rodersi il fegato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "mangiarsi il fegato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "fumegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "echar humo"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 1 1 94 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "köpürmek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 8 5 3 15 3 9 17 4 4 3 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Combustion",
"orig": "en:Combustion",
"parents": [
"Chemical processes",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied."
],
"id": "en-fume-en-verb-o-oxgsnf",
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist#Noun"
],
[
"dulled",
"dull#Verb"
],
[
"stupefied",
"stupefy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 1 1 2 1 92",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied",
"word": "olla sekaisin"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fjuːm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fume.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/En-us-fume.ogg/En-us-fume.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/En-us-fume.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present subjunctive of fumar"
],
"id": "en-fume-ast-verb-YlztxKfE",
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Asturian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present subjunctive of fumar"
],
"id": "en-fume-ast-verb-FmrIT8KF",
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Asturian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumer:\n## first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive\n## second-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-fume-fr-verb-ppvDaBNa",
"links": [
[
"fumer",
"fumer#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumer:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumer:\n## first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-fume-fr-verb-FzY1dfjN",
"links": [
[
"fumer",
"fumer#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumer:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fym/"
},
{
"homophone": "fument"
},
{
"homophone": "fumes"
},
{
"homophone": "fûmes"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "fumo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese fumo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fumo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fumo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "humo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish humo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus, although the final vowel could imply an Old French borrowing. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fume m (plural fumes)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "afumar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fumador"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fumar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fumaxe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fumegar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fumeiro"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he thinks that the fumes and the smoke of that fire defiled and poisoned the waters and the soil there",
"ref": "c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 209",
"text": "coyda que o bafo et fume daquel fogo que ensuzou et [empoçoou] as agoas et aterra daly",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "the life in this world is like the shadow, and when a man delight in it is like the smoke, which soon goes away",
"roman": "a vida deste mundo he asy como a sonbra, et quando ome se deleyta en ella he asy como o fumo que se vay logo",
"text": "1348, J. Méndez Pérez & al. (eds.), El monasterio de San Salvador de Chantada, Santiago de Compostela: I. Padre Sarmiento, page 326",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke"
],
"id": "en-fume-gl-noun-BNWIy0G4",
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fume"
],
"id": "en-fume-gl-noun-q56wibe7",
"links": [
[
"fume",
"fume#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bafo"
},
{
"word": "vapor"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"haughtiness"
],
"id": "en-fume-gl-noun-fNqCRtf-",
"links": [
[
"haughtiness",
"haughtiness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural) haughtiness"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"in-plural",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfumɪ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cantigas de Santa Maria"
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "fumo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese fumo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fumo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fumo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "humo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish humo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus, although the final vowel could imply an Old French borrowing. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 25 45 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-fume-gl-verb-WgCgf2Qc",
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-fume-gl-verb-TuMeI5~~",
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfumɪ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cantigas de Santa Maria"
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūme",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "fūme"
},
"expansion": "fūme",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fūmus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative singular of fūmus"
],
"id": "en-fume-la-noun-PwaSr-Km",
"links": [
[
"fūmus",
"fumus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fume"
},
"expansion": "English: fume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fume"
},
"expansion": "Scots: fume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: fume"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fum"
},
"expansion": "Old French fum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "fũmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fũmus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fũmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fumes"
},
"expansion": "fume (plural fumes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumerelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumosite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumygacioun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumyter"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke."
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-noun-839X2HQu",
"links": [
[
"fumes",
"fumes"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 48 14 18 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 47 28 16 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Air",
"orig": "enm:Air",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 37 17 27 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 36 29 14 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Matter",
"orig": "enm:Matter",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation."
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-noun-yxEV-1Ld",
"links": [
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings."
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-noun-YZT92phP",
"links": [
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 23 14 54 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Smell",
"orig": "enm:Smell",
"parents": [
"Senses",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An airborne scent or odour."
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-noun-pVHVYvPm",
"links": [
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"odour",
"odour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An airborne scent or odour."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fiu̯m/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fwme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "feum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fewme"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fumer"
},
"expansion": "Old French fumer",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French fumer.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fumen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of fumen"
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-verb-7oiKaw1m",
"links": [
[
"fumen",
"fumen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fuma",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fuma",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fumast",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "fumande",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fume",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "fum",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fomme"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of fomme"
],
"id": "en-fume-nn-verb-KFPLhZSk",
"links": [
[
"fomme",
"fomme#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pre-2012) alternative form of fomme"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-fume-pt-verb-WgCgf2Qc",
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-fume-pt-verb-TuMeI5~~",
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfũ.mi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfũ.mi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfu.me/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfu.mɨ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-fume-es-verb-WgCgf2Qc",
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-fume-es-verb-TuMeI5~~",
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-tar",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tarantino",
"lang_code": "roa-tar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarantino entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke"
],
"id": "en-fume-roa-tar-noun-BNWIy0G4",
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"Asturian non-lemma forms",
"Asturian verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present subjunctive of fumar"
],
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Asturian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular present subjunctive of fumar"
],
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Asturian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"en:Combustion",
"en:Gases",
"en:Matter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "exhaust fume"
},
{
"word": "fume cupboard"
},
{
"word": "fume date"
},
{
"word": "fume hood"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fume"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fume",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fum",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke, steam, vapour"
},
"expansion": "Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūmus",
"4": "",
"5": "vapour, smoke"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰewh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to smoke, raise dust"
},
"expansion": "*dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thymus",
"3": "thymos"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of thymus and thymos",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "dun",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dusk"
},
"expansion": "dusk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "dust",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fume, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Doublet of thymus and thymos. More at dun, dusk, dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fume (plural fumes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Don't stand around in there breathing the fumes while the adhesive cures.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1753, Thomas Warton, Ode",
"text": "the fumes of new-shorn hay",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale."
],
"links": [
[
"gas",
"gas"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
],
[
"vapor",
"vapor"
],
[
"inhale",
"inhale"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Lead fume is a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state."
],
"links": [
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The incense of praise; inordinate flattery."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A passionate person."
],
"links": [
[
"passionate",
"passionate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A passionate person."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fjuːm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fume.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/En-us-fume.ogg/En-us-fume.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/En-us-fume.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dim",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дим"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izparenie",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изпарение"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dúqì",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "毒气"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "from burning or smoldering",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "käry"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "vapor",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "höyry"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "cold vapor",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "huuru"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fume"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vapor"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Rauch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Qualm"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "wasap"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"word": "hau kino"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "opar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vapor"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "isparenije",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "испарение"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "humo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "gas or vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "duman"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "material that has re-coalesced to the solid state",
"word": "härme"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "material that has re-coalesced to the solid state",
"word": "is"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jad",
"sense": "rage or excitement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "яд"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vǎzbuda",
"sense": "rage or excitement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "възбуда"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rage or excitement",
"word": "kiihko"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "anything unsubstantial or airy",
"word": "houre"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "incense of praise; inordinate flattery",
"word": "hehkutus"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewh₂-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːm",
"Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable",
"en:Combustion",
"en:Gases",
"en:Matter"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fuming sulfuric acid"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰewh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fume"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fume",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fum",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke, steam, vapour"
},
"expansion": "Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūmus",
"4": "",
"5": "vapour, smoke"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰewh₂-",
"3": "",
"4": "to smoke, raise dust"
},
"expansion": "*dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "thymus",
"3": "thymos"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of thymus and thymos",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dun"
},
"expansion": "dun",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dusk"
},
"expansion": "dusk",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "dust",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English fume, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Doublet of thymus and thymos. More at dun, dusk, dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fuming",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fumed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fumed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fume (third-person singular simple present fumes, present participle fuming, simple past and past participle fumed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints."
],
"links": [
[
"expose",
"expose"
],
[
"fumes",
"#Noun"
],
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"ammonia",
"ammonia"
],
[
"dark",
"dark"
],
[
"tints",
"tint#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1740, John Dyer, “The Ruins of Rome. A Poem.”, in Poems. … Viz. I. Grongar Hill. II. The Ruins of Rome. III. The Fleece, in Four Books, London: Printed by John Hughs, for Messrs. R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1759, →OCLC, pages 42–43",
"text": "Tyrian garbs, / Neptunian Albion's high teſtaceous food [i.e., oysters], / And flavour'd Chian wines with incenſe fum'd / To ſlake Patrician thirſt: for theſe, their rights / In the vile ſtreets they proſtitute to ſale; / Their ancient rights, their dignities, their laws, / Their native glorious freedom.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To apply or offer incense to."
],
"links": [
[
"apply",
"apply"
],
[
"offer",
"offer"
],
[
"incense",
"incense#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To apply or offer incense to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "a. 1686, Earl of Roscommon [i.e., Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon], Samuel Johnson, “Virgil’s Sixth Eclogue, Silenus”, in The Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, […], volumes X (The Poems of Rochester, Roscommon, and Yalden), London: […] E. Cox; for C. Bathurst, […], published 1779, page 234, →OCLC",
"text": "Young Chromis and Mnaſylus chanc'd to ſtray / Where (ſleeping in a cave) Silenus lay, / Whoſe conſtant cups fly fuming to his brain, / And always boil in each extended vein; / His truſty flaggon, full of potent juice, / Was hanging by, worn thin with age and uſe; [...]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To emit fumes."
],
"links": [
[
"emit",
"emit"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To emit fumes."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To pass off in fumes or vapours."
],
"links": [
[
"pass off",
"pass off"
],
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To pass off in fumes or vapours."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He’s still fuming about the argument they had yesterday.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To express or feel great anger."
],
"links": [
[
"express",
"express#Verb"
],
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"anger",
"anger#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To express or feel great anger."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied."
],
"links": [
[
"mist",
"mist#Noun"
],
[
"dulled",
"dull#Verb"
],
[
"stupefied",
"stupefy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, figuratively) To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fjuːm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːm"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fume.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/En-us-fume.ogg/En-us-fume.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/En-us-fume.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "opušvam",
"sense": "to expose (something) to fumes",
"word": "опушвам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to expose (something) to fumes",
"word": "höyryttää"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to expose (something) to fumes",
"word": "kül"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kadja",
"sense": "to apply or offer incense to",
"word": "кадя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dimja",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "димя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "puša",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "пуша"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "ryge"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "höyrytä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "päästää kaasua"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "rauchen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "qualmen"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "fūmō"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "ryke"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "ryke"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "fumegar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "fumega"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "humear"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to emit fumes",
"word": "tütmek"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to pass off in fumes or vapours",
"word": "pyörtyä höyryihin"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔistišāṭ ḡaḍaban",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "إِسْتِشَاط غَضَبًا"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṯār",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "ثَار"
},
{
"code": "arz",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "saar",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"tags": [
"Egyptian-Arabic"
],
"word": "ثار"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "gnevja se",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "гневя се"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "jadosvam se",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "ядосвам се"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "to feel",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "olla raivoissaan"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "vaahdota"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"english": "to express",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "raivota"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "fulminer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "schäumen"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "qatzáf",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "קָצַף"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "ratáẖ",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "רָתַח"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "rodersi il fegato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "mangiarsi il fegato"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "fumegar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "echar humo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to express or feel great anger",
"word": "köpürmek"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied",
"word": "olla sekaisin"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with homophones",
"French verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumer:\n## first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive\n## second-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"fumer",
"fumer#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumer:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumer:\n## first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"fumer",
"fumer#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumer:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fym/"
},
{
"homophone": "fument"
},
{
"homophone": "fumes"
},
{
"homophone": "fûmes"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms borrowed from Old French",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old French",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Galician verb forms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "fumo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese fumo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fumo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fumo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "humo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish humo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus, although the final vowel could imply an Old French borrowing. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "fume m (plural fumes)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "afumar"
},
{
"word": "fumador"
},
{
"word": "fumar"
},
{
"word": "fumaxe"
},
{
"word": "fumegar"
},
{
"word": "fumeiro"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Galician terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "he thinks that the fumes and the smoke of that fire defiled and poisoned the waters and the soil there",
"ref": "c. 1300, R. Martínez López, editor, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 209",
"text": "coyda que o bafo et fume daquel fogo que ensuzou et [empoçoou] as agoas et aterra daly",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "the life in this world is like the shadow, and when a man delight in it is like the smoke, which soon goes away",
"roman": "a vida deste mundo he asy como a sonbra, et quando ome se deleyta en ella he asy como o fumo que se vay logo",
"text": "1348, J. Méndez Pérez & al. (eds.), El monasterio de San Salvador de Chantada, Santiago de Compostela: I. Padre Sarmiento, page 326",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke"
],
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fume"
],
"links": [
[
"fume",
"fume#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bafo"
},
{
"word": "vapor"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"haughtiness"
],
"links": [
[
"haughtiness",
"haughtiness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative, in the plural) haughtiness"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"in-plural",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfumɪ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cantigas de Santa Maria"
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician masculine nouns",
"Galician non-lemma forms",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms borrowed from Old French",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old French",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Galician verb forms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "fumo"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese fumo",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "fūmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fūmus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fumo"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fumo",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "humo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish humo",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician-Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus, although the final vowel could imply an Old French borrowing. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Galician"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfumɪ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Cantigas de Santa Maria"
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūme",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "fūme"
},
"expansion": "fūme",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fūmus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative singular of fūmus"
],
"links": [
[
"fūmus",
"fumus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Air",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Matter",
"enm:Smell"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fume"
},
"expansion": "English: fume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fume"
},
"expansion": "Scots: fume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: fume"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fum"
},
"expansion": "Old French fum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "fũmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fũmus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fũmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fumes"
},
"expansion": "fume (plural fumes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fumen"
},
{
"word": "fumerelle"
},
{
"word": "fumosite"
},
{
"word": "fumous"
},
{
"word": "fumygacioun"
},
{
"word": "fumyter"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke."
],
"links": [
[
"fumes",
"fumes"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation."
],
"links": [
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Physiology"
],
"glosses": [
"Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings."
],
"links": [
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An airborne scent or odour."
],
"links": [
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"odour",
"odour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An airborne scent or odour."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fiu̯m/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fwme"
},
{
"word": "feum"
},
{
"word": "fewme"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Air",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Matter",
"enm:Smell"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fumer"
},
"expansion": "Old French fumer",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French fumer.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fumen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of fumen"
],
"links": [
[
"fumen",
"fumen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumar",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fuma",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fuma",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "fumast",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "fumande",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "fume",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "fum",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fomme"
}
],
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk pre-2012 forms",
"Norwegian Nynorsk verbs",
"Norwegian Nynorsk weak verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of fomme"
],
"links": [
[
"fomme",
"fomme#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(pre-2012) alternative form of fomme"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfũ.mi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfũ.mi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfu.me/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfu.mɨ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"first/third-person singular present subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n## first/third-person singular present subjunctive\n## third-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"fumar",
"fumar#Spanish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of fumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-tar",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Tarantino",
"lang_code": "roa-tar",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tarantino entries with incorrect language header",
"Tarantino lemmas",
"Tarantino nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"smoke"
],
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: pre-2012",
"path": [
"fume"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "fume",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
"msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: pre-2012",
"path": [
"fume"
],
"section": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "fume",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.