See fume in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fume meaning in Middle English (4.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fume"
},
"expansion": "English: fume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fume"
},
"expansion": "Scots: fume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: fume"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fum"
},
"expansion": "Old French fum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "fũmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fũmus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fũmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
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"sort": ""
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"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fumes"
},
"expansion": "fume (plural fumes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumerelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumosite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumygacioun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fumyter"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke."
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-noun-839X2HQu",
"links": [
[
"fumes",
"fumes"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "19 48 14 18 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 47 28 16 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Air",
"orig": "enm:Air",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 37 17 27 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 36 29 14 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Matter",
"orig": "enm:Matter",
"parents": [
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation."
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-noun-yxEV-1Ld",
"links": [
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings."
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-noun-YZT92phP",
"links": [
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 23 14 54 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Smell",
"orig": "enm:Smell",
"parents": [
"Senses",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An airborne scent or odour."
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-noun-pVHVYvPm",
"links": [
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"odour",
"odour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An airborne scent or odour."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fiu̯m/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fwme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "feum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fewme"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fumer"
},
"expansion": "Old French fumer",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French fumer.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fumen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of fumen"
],
"id": "en-fume-enm-verb-7oiKaw1m",
"links": [
[
"fumen",
"fumen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Air",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Matter",
"enm:Smell"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fume"
},
"expansion": "English: fume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "fume"
},
"expansion": "Scots: fume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: fume"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fum"
},
"expansion": "Old French fum",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "fũmus"
},
"expansion": "Latin fũmus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fũmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fumes"
},
"expansion": "fume (plural fumes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fumen"
},
{
"word": "fumerelle"
},
{
"word": "fumosite"
},
{
"word": "fumous"
},
{
"word": "fumygacioun"
},
{
"word": "fumyter"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke."
],
"links": [
[
"fumes",
"fumes"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation."
],
"links": [
[
"vapour",
"vapour"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Physiology"
],
"glosses": [
"Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings."
],
"links": [
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An airborne scent or odour."
],
"links": [
[
"scent",
"scent"
],
[
"odour",
"odour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An airborne scent or odour."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fiu̯m/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fwme"
},
{
"word": "feum"
},
{
"word": "fewme"
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English verbs",
"enm:Air",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Matter",
"enm:Smell"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fumer"
},
"expansion": "Old French fumer",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French fumer.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "fume",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fumen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of fumen"
],
"links": [
[
"fumen",
"fumen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fume"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.