See -l on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aa",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Afar",
"lang_code": "aa",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afar entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 3 2 9 9 7 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 2 1 8 8 7 5 14 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the adessive case: at"
],
"id": "en--l-aa-suffix-eOa-3O8f",
"links": [
[
"adessive case",
"adessive case#English"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afar entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 3 2 9 9 7 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 2 1 8 8 7 5 14 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the inessive case: in"
],
"id": "en--l-aa-suffix-gCHa9vOv",
"links": [
[
"inessive case",
"inessive case#English"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 29 29 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afar entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 3 2 9 9 7 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 2 1 8 8 7 5 14 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marks the temporal case: for"
],
"id": "en--l-aa-suffix-niTC8Sg4",
"links": [
[
"temporal case",
"temporal case#English"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the instrumental case: using; by means of"
],
"id": "en--l-aa-suffix-zwS8eiTV",
"links": [
[
"instrumental case",
"instrumental case#English"
],
[
"using",
"using"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the testimonial case: by; ... is my witness"
],
"id": "en--l-aa-suffix-HW80~6DJ",
"links": [
[
"testimonial case",
"testimonial#English"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-l/"
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-al"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-ál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-el"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-ol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-öl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lék"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "babrál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "barangol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bomlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bonyolít"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "botlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cáfol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "csápol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cserfel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "csigolya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "csihol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "csilingel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "csiripel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "csivitel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "csókol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "csörömpöl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dacol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "dörömböl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "durmol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "emlékezik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "engesztel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "eszkábál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "eszmél"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fanyalodik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ficánkol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "foszlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fúl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fütyül"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gányol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "göngyölít"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guggol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hajol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hajszol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hall"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "harákol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hatol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hergel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ihlet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "illan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ingerel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "irdal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kallódik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "karmol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kárál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kefél"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kelepel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kéklik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kísérel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kortyol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kotlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "követel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kukorékol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kunyerál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kuruttyol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "-lel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lehel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "locsol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "lohol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "magasztal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "majszol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "marasztal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "marcangol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "markol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "miákol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "mormol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "morzsol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "motoszkál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nyargal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nyiszál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nyivákol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nyúl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "omlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "oszlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ötlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ötöl-hatol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "őröl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "parázslik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "paskol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "patyolat"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pepecsel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pisil"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pittypalattyol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pletykál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pocsékol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pocsolya"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pörköl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "püföl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "one option",
"word": "regöl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "reszel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "reteszel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "riszál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "robotol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "one option",
"word": "rombol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "romlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "rostál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sajnál"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sajtol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sínylik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sípol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tapasztal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tékozol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tépelődik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "térdepel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tombol"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "torlódik"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "tökél → eltökél"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "töröl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "trécsel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ürül"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "vizsla"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "zilál"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-l"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-l",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Proto-Uralic *-l suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 25 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(obsolete) tékozik (“to be dispersed, scattered”) + -l → tékozol (“to squander, waste”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rogy(ik); rongy, roncs(ol) (“to collapse; (old) rag; to tear, erode, corrode”) + -l → romlik (“to deteriorate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"Added to verbs."
],
"id": "en--l-hu-suffix-0NBL2gVR",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"(frequentative suffix, obsolete) Added to verbs."
],
"tags": [
"frequentative",
"morpheme",
"obsolete",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 25 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "aszik (“to wither”) + -l → aszal (“to dry, desiccate, wizen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "forr (“to boil”) + -l → forral (“to boil (transitive)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nő (“to grow”) + -l → növel (“to increase”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"Added to verbs."
],
"id": "en--l-hu-suffix-0NBL2gVR1",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"(causative suffix) Added to verbs."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 25 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"Added to verbs; now geminated, see -ll"
],
"id": "en--l-hu-suffix-TjamLGaM",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
],
[
"-ll",
"-ll#Hungarian"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix; instantaneous suffix; instantaneous suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"(instantaneous suffix) Added to verbs; now geminated, see -ll"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "30 30 25 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "csoda (“miracle”) + -l → csodál (“to admire”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hátra (“backwards”) + -l → hátrál (“to step backward”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "csere (“an exchange”) + -l → cserél (“to change”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fésű (“comb”) + -l → fésül (“to comb”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hat (“to progress, enter, get (in) somewhere, affect, take effect”) + -l → hatol (“to penetrate, make one’s way into”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb."
],
"id": "en--l-hu-suffix-imq1a6BE",
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*-lᴕ/*-lᴕ̈"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-lᴕ/*-lᴕ̈",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mns-nor",
"2": "-л",
"pos": "ablative marker"
},
"expansion": "Northern Mansi -л (-l, ablative marker)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-lᴕ/*-lᴕ̈ place name suffix. Cognate with Northern Mansi -л (-l, ablative marker).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 3 2 9 9 7 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 17 2 1 8 8 7 5 14 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 13 11 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"It is of ancient origin answering the question from where? It is no longer productive and is no longer an independent suffix in modern Hungarian. However, it can still be found in suffixes such as -ból/-ből, -nál/-nél, -ról/-ről, -tól/-től, -ul/-ül, in postpositions such as alól, mellől and in several adverbs, e.g. kívül, belül, hátul. In the Old Hungarian era it could express not only direction but also more abstract adverbs."
],
"id": "en--l-hu-suffix-LeIpE87y",
"links": [
[
"-ból",
"-ból#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ből",
"-ből#Hungarian"
],
[
"-nál",
"-nál#Hungarian"
],
[
"-nél",
"-nél#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ról",
"-ról#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ről",
"-ről#Hungarian"
],
[
"-tól",
"-tól#Hungarian"
],
[
"-től",
"-től#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ul",
"-ul#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ül",
"-ül#Hungarian"
],
[
"alól",
"alól#Hungarian"
],
[
"mellől",
"mellől#Hungarian"
],
[
"kívül",
"kívül#Hungarian"
],
[
"belül",
"belül#Hungarian"
],
[
"hátul",
"hátul#Hungarian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ablative suffix, obsolete) It is of ancient origin answering the question from where? It is no longer productive and is no longer an independent suffix in modern Hungarian. However, it can still be found in suffixes such as -ból/-ből, -nál/-nél, -ról/-ről, -tól/-től, -ul/-ül, in postpositions such as alól, mellől and in several adverbs, e.g. kívül, belül, hátul. In the Old Hungarian era it could express not only direction but also more abstract adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"morpheme",
"obsolete",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-lla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-lla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lla"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -lla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-l"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -l",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-lla. Cognates include Finnish -lla and Estonian -l.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-llaan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-llamme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-llaas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-llanne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-llaa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-llasse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the adessive case; on"
],
"id": "en--l-izh-suffix-7GXDDvvH",
"links": [
[
"adessive case",
"adessive case#English"
],
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lːɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɫːɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-lːæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-lʲːæ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-l/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-l]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-l/",
"tags": [
"Hevaha"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-l]",
"tags": [
"Hevaha"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-lom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-lom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leh₁-",
"t": "to let, leave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“to let, leave”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-lom, from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“to let, leave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-laib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-l n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-il"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-l+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-l+L",
"acc_pl2": "-la",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-l+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "-laib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-laib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-l+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-l",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-l+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-il+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-l+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-l+L",
"nom_pl2": "-la",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-l+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-l+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-l+L",
"voc_pl2": "-la",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-l+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "accomol"
},
{
"word": "comul"
},
{
"word": "díl"
},
{
"word": "fresndal"
},
{
"word": "indell"
},
{
"word": "tinól"
},
{
"word": "túarasndal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns for verbs ending in ·lá"
],
"id": "en--l-sga-suffix-jasyDOau",
"links": [
[
"·lá",
"lá#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nci",
"2": "-lli"
},
"expansion": "Classical Nahuatl -lli",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Classical Nahuatl -lli.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ppl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pipil",
"lang_code": "ppl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pipil entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a nominalized passive participle (noun) from any verb."
],
"id": "en--l-ppl-noun-HW8vClcc",
"links": [
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
],
[
"participle",
"participle#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the third-person singular present indicative of vocalic oikoclitic verbs"
],
"id": "en--l-rom-suffix-S7INfDN9",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "illum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin illum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "illum",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Latin illum",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suffixed form of ăl (inherited from Latin illum) which originally followed the noun and became attached to it as an inflection, unlike the definite articles in the other major Romance languages, which go before the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "n",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the (masculine/neuter singular, nominative and accusative)"
],
"id": "en--l-ro-suffix-~uJDA~h9",
"links": [
[
"the",
"the"
],
[
"nominative",
"nominative"
],
[
"accusative",
"accusative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(definite article) the (masculine/neuter singular, nominative and accusative)"
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
],
"word": "-a"
},
{
"alt": "masculine/neuter plural nominative and accusative",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
],
"word": "-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
],
"word": "-lui"
},
{
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
],
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"plural"
],
"word": "-lor"
},
{
"word": "ăla"
},
{
"word": "al"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns that do not end in a vowel other than -i",
"word": "-ul"
},
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns that end in -e",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"tags": [
"article",
"definite",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l/"
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-l",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yabra- (“an unknown verb”) + *-l → *yabral- (“to make a mistake”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "adïr- (“to divide, separate”) + *-l → *adrïl- (“to leave”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tēr- (“to gather”) + *-l → *tēril- (“to be gathered”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tīri- (“an unknown verb”) + *-l → *tīril- (“to revive”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "yub- (“an unknown verb”) + *-l → *yubul- (“to roll”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Passive suffix. Also forms intransitive of verbs."
],
"id": "en--l-trk-pro-suffix-fKDU50Pc",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-iĺ",
"t": "suffix forming deverbal nouns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-iĺ (“suffix forming deverbal nouns”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Comparable to Proto-Turkic *-iĺ (“suffix forming deverbal nouns”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-l",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ükü- (“to die”) + *-l → *ükül (“death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms deverbal nouns."
],
"id": "en--l-xgn-pro-suffix-U~97ukVV",
"links": [
[
"deverbal",
"deverbal"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "afa-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Afroasiatic",
"lang_code": "afa-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Afroasiatic/-l",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Attributive and complement deverbative suffix"
],
"id": "en--l-afa-pro-suffix-roECMB6V",
"links": [
[
"Attributive",
"Appendix:Glossary#attributive"
],
[
"complement",
"complement#English"
],
[
"deverbative",
"deverbative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Afroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Adjective suffix"
],
"id": "en--l-afa-pro-suffix-HTVEJyQj",
"links": [
[
"Adjective",
"Appendix:Glossary#adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"categories": [
"Afar entries with incorrect language header",
"Afar lemmas",
"Afar suffixes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "aa",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Afar",
"lang_code": "aa",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the adessive case: at"
],
"links": [
[
"adessive case",
"adessive case#English"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the inessive case: in"
],
"links": [
[
"inessive case",
"inessive case#English"
],
[
"in",
"in"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the temporal case: for"
],
"links": [
[
"temporal case",
"temporal case#English"
],
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the instrumental case: using; by means of"
],
"links": [
[
"instrumental case",
"instrumental case#English"
],
[
"using",
"using"
],
[
"by means of",
"by means of"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Marks the testimonial case: by; ... is my witness"
],
"links": [
[
"testimonial case",
"testimonial#English"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"witness",
"witness"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-l/"
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic",
"Hungarian verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "-al"
},
{
"word": "-ál"
},
{
"word": "-el"
},
{
"word": "-ol"
},
{
"word": "-öl"
},
{
"word": "-lék"
},
{
"word": "babrál"
},
{
"word": "barangol"
},
{
"word": "bomlik"
},
{
"word": "bonyolít"
},
{
"word": "botlik"
},
{
"word": "cáfol"
},
{
"word": "csápol"
},
{
"word": "cserfel"
},
{
"word": "csigolya"
},
{
"word": "csihol"
},
{
"word": "csilingel"
},
{
"word": "csiripel"
},
{
"word": "csivitel"
},
{
"word": "csókol"
},
{
"word": "csörömpöl"
},
{
"word": "dacol"
},
{
"word": "dörömböl"
},
{
"word": "durmol"
},
{
"word": "emlékezik"
},
{
"word": "engesztel"
},
{
"word": "eszkábál"
},
{
"word": "eszmél"
},
{
"word": "fanyalodik"
},
{
"word": "ficánkol"
},
{
"word": "foszlik"
},
{
"word": "fúl"
},
{
"word": "fütyül"
},
{
"word": "gányol"
},
{
"word": "göngyölít"
},
{
"word": "guggol"
},
{
"word": "hajol"
},
{
"word": "hajszol"
},
{
"word": "hall"
},
{
"word": "harákol"
},
{
"word": "hatol"
},
{
"word": "hergel"
},
{
"word": "ihlet"
},
{
"word": "illan"
},
{
"word": "ingerel"
},
{
"word": "irdal"
},
{
"word": "kallódik"
},
{
"word": "karmol"
},
{
"word": "kárál"
},
{
"word": "kefél"
},
{
"word": "kelepel"
},
{
"word": "kéklik"
},
{
"word": "kísérel"
},
{
"word": "kortyol"
},
{
"word": "kotlik"
},
{
"word": "követel"
},
{
"word": "kukorékol"
},
{
"word": "kunyerál"
},
{
"word": "kuruttyol"
},
{
"word": "-lak"
},
{
"word": "-lek"
},
{
"word": "-lal"
},
{
"word": "-lel"
},
{
"word": "lehel"
},
{
"word": "locsol"
},
{
"word": "lohol"
},
{
"word": "magasztal"
},
{
"word": "majszol"
},
{
"word": "marasztal"
},
{
"word": "marcangol"
},
{
"word": "markol"
},
{
"word": "miákol"
},
{
"word": "mormol"
},
{
"word": "morzsol"
},
{
"word": "motoszkál"
},
{
"word": "nyargal"
},
{
"word": "nyiszál"
},
{
"word": "nyivákol"
},
{
"word": "nyúl"
},
{
"word": "omlik"
},
{
"word": "oszlik"
},
{
"word": "ötlik"
},
{
"word": "ötöl-hatol"
},
{
"word": "őröl"
},
{
"word": "parázslik"
},
{
"word": "paskol"
},
{
"word": "patyolat"
},
{
"word": "pepecsel"
},
{
"word": "pisil"
},
{
"word": "pittypalattyol"
},
{
"word": "pletykál"
},
{
"word": "pocsékol"
},
{
"word": "pocsolya"
},
{
"word": "pörköl"
},
{
"word": "püföl"
},
{
"english": "one option",
"word": "regöl"
},
{
"word": "reszel"
},
{
"word": "reteszel"
},
{
"word": "riszál"
},
{
"word": "robotol"
},
{
"english": "one option",
"word": "rombol"
},
{
"word": "romlik"
},
{
"word": "rostál"
},
{
"word": "sajnál"
},
{
"word": "sajtol"
},
{
"word": "sínylik"
},
{
"word": "sípol"
},
{
"word": "tapasztal"
},
{
"word": "tékozol"
},
{
"word": "tépelődik"
},
{
"word": "térdepel"
},
{
"word": "tombol"
},
{
"word": "torlódik"
},
{
"word": "tökél → eltökél"
},
{
"word": "töröl"
},
{
"word": "trécsel"
},
{
"word": "ürül"
},
{
"word": "vizsla"
},
{
"word": "zilál"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-l"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-l",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Proto-Uralic *-l suffix.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "(obsolete) tékozik (“to be dispersed, scattered”) + -l → tékozol (“to squander, waste”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rogy(ik); rongy, roncs(ol) (“to collapse; (old) rag; to tear, erode, corrode”) + -l → romlik (“to deteriorate”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"Added to verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"(frequentative suffix, obsolete) Added to verbs."
],
"tags": [
"frequentative",
"morpheme",
"obsolete",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "aszik (“to wither”) + -l → aszal (“to dry, desiccate, wizen”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "forr (“to boil”) + -l → forral (“to boil (transitive)”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "nő (“to grow”) + -l → növel (“to increase”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"Added to verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"(causative suffix) Added to verbs."
],
"tags": [
"causative",
"morpheme",
"suffix"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"Added to verbs; now geminated, see -ll"
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
],
[
"-ll",
"-ll#Hungarian"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix; instantaneous suffix; instantaneous suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb.",
"(instantaneous suffix) Added to verbs; now geminated, see -ll"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "csoda (“miracle”) + -l → csodál (“to admire”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hátra (“backwards”) + -l → hátrál (“to step backward”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "csere (“an exchange”) + -l → cserél (“to change”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "fésű (“comb”) + -l → fésül (“to comb”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "hat (“to progress, enter, get (in) somewhere, affect, take effect”) + -l → hatol (“to penetrate, make one’s way into”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a noun, an adjective, a verb or less frequently to an adverb to form a verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*-lᴕ/*-lᴕ̈"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-lᴕ/*-lᴕ̈",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mns-nor",
"2": "-л",
"pos": "ablative marker"
},
"expansion": "Northern Mansi -л (-l, ablative marker)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-lᴕ/*-lᴕ̈ place name suffix. Cognate with Northern Mansi -л (-l, ablative marker).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"It is of ancient origin answering the question from where? It is no longer productive and is no longer an independent suffix in modern Hungarian. However, it can still be found in suffixes such as -ból/-ből, -nál/-nél, -ról/-ről, -tól/-től, -ul/-ül, in postpositions such as alól, mellől and in several adverbs, e.g. kívül, belül, hátul. In the Old Hungarian era it could express not only direction but also more abstract adverbs."
],
"links": [
[
"-ból",
"-ból#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ből",
"-ből#Hungarian"
],
[
"-nál",
"-nál#Hungarian"
],
[
"-nél",
"-nél#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ról",
"-ról#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ről",
"-ről#Hungarian"
],
[
"-tól",
"-tól#Hungarian"
],
[
"-től",
"-től#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ul",
"-ul#Hungarian"
],
[
"-ül",
"-ül#Hungarian"
],
[
"alól",
"alól#Hungarian"
],
[
"mellől",
"mellől#Hungarian"
],
[
"kívül",
"kívül#Hungarian"
],
[
"belül",
"belül#Hungarian"
],
[
"hátul",
"hátul#Hungarian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ablative suffix, obsolete) It is of ancient origin answering the question from where? It is no longer productive and is no longer an independent suffix in modern Hungarian. However, it can still be found in suffixes such as -ból/-ből, -nál/-nél, -ról/-ről, -tól/-től, -ul/-ül, in postpositions such as alól, mellől and in several adverbs, e.g. kívül, belül, hátul. In the Old Hungarian era it could express not only direction but also more abstract adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"morpheme",
"obsolete",
"suffix"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*-lla"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *-lla",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-lla"
},
"expansion": "Finnish -lla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-l"
},
"expansion": "Estonian -l",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *-lla. Cognates include Finnish -lla and Estonian -l.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-poss\n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-llaan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-llamme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "-llaas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-llanne",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-llaa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-llasse",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "izh-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian suffixes",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the adessive case; on"
],
"links": [
[
"adessive case",
"adessive case#English"
],
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/-lːɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-ɫːɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-lːæ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-lʲːæ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-l/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-l]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-l/",
"tags": [
"Hevaha"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[-l]",
"tags": [
"Hevaha"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "accomol"
},
{
"word": "comul"
},
{
"word": "díl"
},
{
"word": "fresndal"
},
{
"word": "indell"
},
{
"word": "tinól"
},
{
"word": "túarasndal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*-lom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *-lom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leh₁-",
"t": "to let, leave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“to let, leave”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Celtic *-lom, from the zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *leh₁- (“to let, leave”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-decl-o-neut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-la",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-l",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-laib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-laib",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-l n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-il"
},
"name": "sga-decl-o-neut"
},
{
"args": {
"acc_du": "-l+N",
"acc_du2": "",
"acc_du3": "",
"acc_pl": "-l+L",
"acc_pl2": "-la",
"acc_pl3": "",
"acc_sg": "-l+N",
"acc_sg2": "",
"acc_sg3": "",
"class": "o-n",
"dat_du": "-laib",
"dat_du2": "",
"dat_du3": "",
"dat_pl": "-laib",
"dat_pl2": "",
"dat_pl3": "",
"dat_sg": "-l+L",
"dat_sg2": "",
"dat_sg3": "",
"gen_du": "-l",
"gen_du2": "",
"gen_du3": "",
"gen_pl": "-l+N",
"gen_pl2": "",
"gen_pl3": "",
"gen_sg": "-il+L",
"gen_sg2": "",
"gen_sg3": "",
"n": "",
"nom_du": "-l+N",
"nom_du2": "",
"nom_du3": "",
"nom_pl": "-l+L",
"nom_pl2": "-la",
"nom_pl3": "",
"nom_sg": "-l+N",
"nom_sg2": "",
"nom_sg3": "",
"voc_du": "-l+N",
"voc_du2": "",
"voc_du3": "",
"voc_pl": "-l+L",
"voc_pl2": "-la",
"voc_pl3": "",
"voc_sg": "-l+N",
"voc_sg2": "",
"voc_sg3": ""
},
"name": "sga-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish neuter o-stem nouns",
"Old Irish neuter suffixes",
"Old Irish suffixes",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbal nouns for verbs ending in ·lá"
],
"links": [
[
"·lá",
"lá#Old_Irish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nci",
"2": "-lli"
},
"expansion": "Classical Nahuatl -lli",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Compare Classical Nahuatl -lli.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ppl",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Pipil",
"lang_code": "ppl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pipil entries with incorrect language header",
"Pipil lemmas",
"Pipil suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms a nominalized passive participle (noun) from any verb."
],
"links": [
[
"passive",
"passive#English"
],
[
"participle",
"participle#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Afroasiatic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Afroasiatic lemmas",
"Proto-Afroasiatic suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "afa-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Afroasiatic",
"lang_code": "afa-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Afroasiatic/-l",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Attributive and complement deverbative suffix"
],
"links": [
[
"Attributive",
"Appendix:Glossary#attributive"
],
[
"complement",
"complement#English"
],
[
"deverbative",
"deverbative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Adjective suffix"
],
"links": [
[
"Adjective",
"Appendix:Glossary#adjective"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*-iĺ",
"t": "suffix forming deverbal nouns"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-iĺ (“suffix forming deverbal nouns”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Comparable to Proto-Turkic *-iĺ (“suffix forming deverbal nouns”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xgn-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Mongolic",
"lang_code": "xgn-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/-l",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Mongolic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Mongolic lemmas",
"Proto-Mongolic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Mongolic suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ükü- (“to die”) + *-l → *ükül (“death”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms deverbal nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"deverbal",
"deverbal"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Turkic",
"lang_code": "trk-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-l",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Turkic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Turkic lemmas",
"Proto-Turkic suffixes"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yabra- (“an unknown verb”) + *-l → *yabral- (“to make a mistake”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "adïr- (“to divide, separate”) + *-l → *adrïl- (“to leave”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tēr- (“to gather”) + *-l → *tēril- (“to be gathered”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tīri- (“an unknown verb”) + *-l → *tīril- (“to revive”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "yub- (“an unknown verb”) + *-l → *yubul- (“to roll”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Passive suffix. Also forms intransitive of verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Romani inflectional suffixes",
"Romani lemmas",
"Romani suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the third-person singular present indicative of vocalic oikoclitic verbs"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "illum",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin illum",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "illum",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Latin illum",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Suffixed form of ăl (inherited from Latin illum) which originally followed the noun and became attached to it as an inflection, unlike the definite articles in the other major Romance languages, which go before the noun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "n",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-l",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
],
"word": "-a"
},
{
"alt": "masculine/neuter plural nominative and accusative",
"word": "-i"
},
{
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
],
"word": "-le"
},
{
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
],
"word": "-lui"
},
{
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
],
"word": "-ei"
},
{
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"plural"
],
"word": "-lor"
},
{
"word": "ăla"
},
{
"word": "al"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian suffixes",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Romanian terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"the (masculine/neuter singular, nominative and accusative)"
],
"links": [
[
"the",
"the"
],
[
"nominative",
"nominative"
],
[
"accusative",
"accusative"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(definite article) the (masculine/neuter singular, nominative and accusative)"
],
"tags": [
"article",
"definite",
"masculine",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/l/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns that do not end in a vowel other than -i",
"word": "-ul"
},
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns that end in -e",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"word": "-l"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -l meaning in All languages combined (21.8kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''Added to a noun, an adjective,'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"-l"
],
"section": "Hungarian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-l",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'n' in '-l m/n'",
"path": [
"-l"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-l",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.