See -ul on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -ul meaning in All languages combined (15.0kB)
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "az-inf-p",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ıl",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ül",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ın",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ün",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Azerbaijani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yormaq (“to tire out”) + -ul → yorulmaq (“to get tired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tutmaq (“to catch”) + -ul → tutulmaq (“to get caught”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-il after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U and a consonant other than L"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L."
],
"id": "en--ul-az-suffix-VMQ715dK",
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Azerbaijani"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[uɫ]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 3 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 4 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "csoportos (“collective”) + -ul → csoportosul (“to form a group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "azonos (“identical”) + -ul → azonosul (“to identify; to associate oneself with some group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "von (“to pull”) + -ul → vonul (“to go along, to stalk, to march”, literally “to pull oneself”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "alak (“shape”) + -ul → alakul (“to take shape”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning."
],
"id": "en--ul-hu-suffix-hu:verb",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"middle-voice",
"middle voice#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ul]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ül",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "case suffix",
"tags": [
"essive-modal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "essive-modal case suffix",
"cat2": "case suffixes",
"head": "-ul/-ül"
},
"expansion": "-ul/-ül (essive-modal case suffix)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ajándék (“gift, present”) + -ul → ajándékul (“as a gift”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "példa (“example”) + -ul → például (“for example; as an example”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as, with the intention of"
],
"id": "en--ul-hu-suffix-hu:essive",
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"intention",
"intention"
]
],
"qualifier": "essive sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(essive sense) as, with the intention of"
],
"senseid": [
"hu:essive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ként"
},
{
"word": "-képp/-képpen"
},
{
"english": "stating the capacity",
"word": "mint"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "rossz (“bad”) + -ul → rosszul (“badly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "angol (“English”) + -ul → angolul (“in English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to an adjective to form an adverb."
],
"id": "en--ul-hu-suffix-hu:modal",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "modal sense; adverb-forming suffix; modal sense; adverb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal sense, adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:modal"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ul]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "agentive suffix",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -el (“agentive suffix”)"
],
"id": "en--ul-enm-suffix-a1gD4cIZ",
"links": [
[
"-el",
"-el#Middle_English:_agentive"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "-ul"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-el"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -el"
],
"id": "en--ul-ang-suffix-HJxO9c4Z",
"links": [
[
"-el",
"-el#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ol"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ol"
],
"id": "en--ul-ang-suffix-0GayhBqs",
"links": [
[
"-ol",
"-ol#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ul/"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "-lu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian -lu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Identical to -l (a contracted form of an older -lu). Due to the misunderstanding of modern speakers it is assumed to be a seperate suffix. In older Romanian (still dialectially attested and present in place names) masculine nouns end in -u for example: focu (now foc). A tendency to drop the pronunciation of final -u sounds lead to the modern pronunciation. Accordingly the old definite form for focu is foculu. Thus when subjected to final u dropping it results in the modern form focul. It is not that -ul is a suffix, but that the indefinite form is contracted, such that its not immediately obvious.\nCompare Aromanian -lu.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ul m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-l"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the (definite article)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"variant of -l"
],
"id": "en--ul-ro-suffix-zgdo9iFI",
"links": [
[
"-l",
"-l#Romanian"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-l"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-ului"
},
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-ua"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns ending in a vowel other than -e",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns ending in -e",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ul/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u/",
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-inf-p",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ıl",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ül",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ın",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ün",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yormak (“to tire out”) + -ul → yorulmak (“to get tired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tutmak (“to hold”) + -ul → tutulmak (“to be held”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-il after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U and a consonant other than L"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L."
],
"id": "en--ul-tr-suffix-VMQ715dK",
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[uɫ]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ulaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ulaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from verbs, indicating a tendency or proneness to do the verb."
],
"id": "en--ul-gmw-pro-suffix-v~b3wodA",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "az-inf-p",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ıl",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ül",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ın",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ün",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Azerbaijani entries with incorrect language header",
"Azerbaijani non-lemma forms",
"Azerbaijani suffix forms",
"Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yormaq (“to tire out”) + -ul → yorulmaq (“to get tired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tutmaq (“to catch”) + -ul → tutulmaq (“to get caught”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-il after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U and a consonant other than L"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L."
],
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Azerbaijani"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[uɫ]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian case suffixes",
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian verb-forming suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "csoportos (“collective”) + -ul → csoportosul (“to form a group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "azonos (“identical”) + -ul → azonosul (“to identify; to associate oneself with some group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "von (“to pull”) + -ul → vonul (“to go along, to stalk, to march”, literally “to pull oneself”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "alak (“shape”) + -ul → alakul (“to take shape”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"middle-voice",
"middle voice#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ul]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian case suffixes",
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ül",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "case suffix",
"tags": [
"essive-modal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "essive-modal case suffix",
"cat2": "case suffixes",
"head": "-ul/-ül"
},
"expansion": "-ul/-ül (essive-modal case suffix)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ajándék (“gift, present”) + -ul → ajándékul (“as a gift”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "példa (“example”) + -ul → például (“for example; as an example”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as, with the intention of"
],
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"intention",
"intention"
]
],
"qualifier": "essive sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(essive sense) as, with the intention of"
],
"senseid": [
"hu:essive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ként"
},
{
"word": "-képp/-képpen"
},
{
"english": "stating the capacity",
"word": "mint"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "rossz (“bad”) + -ul → rosszul (“badly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "angol (“English”) + -ul → angolul (“in English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to an adjective to form an adverb."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "modal sense; adverb-forming suffix; modal sense; adverb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal sense, adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:modal"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ul]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "agentive suffix",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -el (“agentive suffix”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-el",
"-el#Middle_English:_agentive"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "-ul"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-el"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -el"
],
"links": [
[
"-el",
"-el#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ol"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ol"
],
"links": [
[
"-ol",
"-ol#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ul/"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ulaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ulaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from verbs, indicating a tendency or proneness to do the verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "-lu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian -lu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Identical to -l (a contracted form of an older -lu). Due to the misunderstanding of modern speakers it is assumed to be a seperate suffix. In older Romanian (still dialectially attested and present in place names) masculine nouns end in -u for example: focu (now foc). A tendency to drop the pronunciation of final -u sounds lead to the modern pronunciation. Accordingly the old definite form for focu is foculu. Thus when subjected to final u dropping it results in the modern form focul. It is not that -ul is a suffix, but that the indefinite form is contracted, such that its not immediately obvious.\nCompare Aromanian -lu.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ul m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-l"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-ului"
},
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-ua"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-l"
}
],
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine suffixes",
"Romanian neuter suffixes",
"Romanian suffixes",
"Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
"Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the (definite article)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"variant of -l"
],
"links": [
[
"-l",
"-l#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ul/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u/",
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns ending in a vowel other than -e",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns ending in -e",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-inf-p",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ıl",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ül",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ın",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ün",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish non-lemma forms",
"Turkish suffix forms",
"Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yormak (“to tire out”) + -ul → yorulmak (“to get tired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tutmak (“to hold”) + -ul → tutulmak (“to be held”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-il after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U and a consonant other than L"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L."
],
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[uɫ]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.