"-ul" meaning in Romanian

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*illu"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *illu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ille"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ille",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rup",
        "2": "-lu"
      },
      "expansion": "Aromanian -lu",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Identical to -l (a contracted form of an older -lu, from a clipping of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin ille), compare Aromanian -lu.\nDue to the misunderstanding of modern speakers, *-ul* is assumed to be a separate suffix. In older Romanian (still dialectially attested and present in place names) masculine nouns end in -u for example: focu (now foc). A tendency to drop the pronunciation of final -u sounds lead to the modern pronunciation. Accordingly the old definite form for focu is foculu. Thus when subjected to final u dropping it results in the modern form focul. It is not that -ul is a suffix, but that the indefinite form is contracted, such that its not immediately obvious.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-l",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-le",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "-ul m or n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-l"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
          "parents": [
            "Suffixes with multiple genders",
            "Suffixes by gender",
            "Suffixes",
            "Morphemes",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "the (definite article)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "variant of -l"
      ],
      "id": "en--ul-ro-suffix-zgdo9iFI",
      "links": [
        [
          "-l",
          "-l#Romanian"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "-i"
        },
        {
          "word": "-l"
        },
        {
          "word": "-le"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ului"
        },
        {
          "word": "-a"
        },
        {
          "word": "-ua"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ul/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/u/",
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ul"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "VL.",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*illu"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *illu",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "ille"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin ille",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rup",
        "2": "-lu"
      },
      "expansion": "Aromanian -lu",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Identical to -l (a contracted form of an older -lu, from a clipping of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin ille), compare Aromanian -lu.\nDue to the misunderstanding of modern speakers, *-ul* is assumed to be a separate suffix. In older Romanian (still dialectially attested and present in place names) masculine nouns end in -u for example: focu (now foc). A tendency to drop the pronunciation of final -u sounds lead to the modern pronunciation. Accordingly the old definite form for focu is foculu. Thus when subjected to final u dropping it results in the modern form focul. It is not that -ul is a suffix, but that the indefinite form is contracted, such that its not immediately obvious.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-l",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-le",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "n"
      },
      "expansion": "-ul m or n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Romanian",
  "lang_code": "ro",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-i"
    },
    {
      "word": "-l"
    },
    {
      "word": "-le"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ului"
    },
    {
      "word": "-a"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ua"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "-l"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Romanian lemmas",
        "Romanian masculine suffixes",
        "Romanian neuter suffixes",
        "Romanian suffixes",
        "Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
        "Romanian terms derived from Latin",
        "Romanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
        "Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
        "Romanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "the (definite article)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "variant of -l"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-l",
          "-l#Romanian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "neuter"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ul/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/u/",
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ul"
}