See spruce in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea mariana",
"word": "black spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea pungens",
"word": "blue spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea breweriana",
"word": "Brewer's spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Colorado blue spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Colorado spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea pungens",
"word": "Colorado green spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea jezoensis",
"word": "dark-bark spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Engelmann spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea engelmannii",
"word": "Engelmann's spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea abies",
"word": "European spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea jezoensis",
"word": "Ezo spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea pungens",
"word": "green spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea jezoensis",
"word": "Jezo spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea koyamae",
"word": "Koyama's spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea abies",
"word": "Norway spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Tsuga mertensiana",
"word": "Patton's spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea rubens",
"word": "red spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea omorika",
"word": "Serbian spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea obovata",
"word": "Siberian spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea engelmannii",
"word": "silver spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Picea pungens)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea sitchensis",
"word": "Sitka spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Adelgidae spp.",
"word": "spruce aphid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spruce beer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spruce cone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spruce grouse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "Dendrapagus canadensis",
"word": "spruce hen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Pinus glabra",
"word": "spruce pine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Spinus spinus",
"word": "spruce siskin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "spruce tip"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea breweriana",
"word": "weeping spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Choristoneura freemani",
"word": "western spruce budworm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea glauca",
"word": "white spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Yeddo spruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"taxonomic": "Picea jezoensis",
"word": "Yezo spruce"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sprusz",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Canada, United States"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: sprusz (Canada, United States)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: sprusz (Canada, United States)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "สปรูซ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Thai: สปรูซ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Thai: สปรูซ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "Spruce"
},
"expansion": "Middle English Spruce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prg",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses (\"trim, neat\" and \"to make trim, neat\") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spruces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spruce",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "s",
"3": "spruce"
},
"expansion": "spruce (countable and uncountable, plural spruces or spruce)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 18 1 28 1 31 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 7 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 2 24 5 19 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 2 24 4 20 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 22 5 22 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 1 22 7 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chechen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 24 4 19 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cheyenne translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chuvash translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 1 18 5 14 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 24 4 21 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 1 27 3 22 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Elfdalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 1 27 4 23 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 1 28 1 25 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 1 21 5 17 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 2 25 1 18 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 6 18 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 1 19 4 15 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 1 30 1 20 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 20 1 22 5 18 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kashubian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 0 28 2 20 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kildin Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 2 26 7 19 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 29 1 26 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 1 24 5 18 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 20 3 24 11 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 21 4 18 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 1 22 3 16 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 26 1 21 5 17 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 2 23 6 19 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 2 25 6 19 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ossetian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 22 3 18 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 29 1 26 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Samogitian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 0 28 2 19 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 6 16 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 0 27 2 20 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 1 23 5 19 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 1 23 5 19 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tuvan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 1 22 7 21 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 2 26 8 19 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 6 19 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 2 23 4 18 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 36 1 27 2 14 3 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Conifers",
"orig": "en:Conifers",
"parents": [
"Gymnosperms",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various large coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs from the genus Picea, found in northern temperate and boreal regions; originally and more fully spruce fir."
],
"id": "en-spruce-en-noun-e3~R2sFv",
"links": [
[
"coniferous",
"coniferous"
],
[
"evergreen",
"evergreen"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"Picea",
"Picea#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ab",
"lang": "Abkhaz",
"roman": "apsadz",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "аԥсаӡ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "spar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "bredhi i zi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "hormoç"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "Fichte"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tannūb",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَنُّوب"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "eġewni",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "եղևնի"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "küknar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "şırşı",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "шыршы"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jólka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ёлка"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jalína",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ялі́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smǎrč",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "смърч"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "avet roig"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "baza",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "база"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "chy",
"lang": "Cheyenne",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "šéstótó'e"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yúnshān",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "雲杉 /云杉"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "čărăš",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "чӑрӑш"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smrk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ovd",
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "grån"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "kuz",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "куз"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "piceo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "kuusk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grann"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "kuusi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "épicéa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"feminine"
],
"word": "épinette"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "peç"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "naʒvi",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ნაძვი"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fichte"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "erythreláti",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ερυθρελάτη"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "orpiliassaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "gwi",
"lang": "Gwich'in",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ts'iivii"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "lāʻau hū"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "אשוחית"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "lucfenyő"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "luc"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "greni"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grön"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "abieto"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "napaaqtuq"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sprús"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abete rosso"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peccio"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōhi",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "唐檜"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "dana"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "şyrşa",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "шырша"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "tìgen",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "тіген"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gamunbi namu",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "가문비 나무"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kaj"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "yolka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ёлка"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "egle"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "egle"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "sjpar"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "eglė"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "paghéra"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "peghéra"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "pighéra"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fücht"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "Fiicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Fiichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "smrča",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "смрча"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"note": "in narrow sense",
"roman": "gacuur",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "гацуур"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ɣačur-a",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠭᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "chʼó"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sapîn"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "guossa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "nazty",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "назты"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "sapin"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fijcht"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "świerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abeto vermelho"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "pícea"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "espruce"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "pisya"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molid"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jelʹ",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ель"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jólka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ёлка"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "slr",
"lang": "Salar",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "sompa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sjd",
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
"roman": "kūss",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "кӯсс"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sgs",
"lang": "Samogitian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "eglė"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "stq",
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "Kjuusdanne"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giuthas"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "omorika"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "smrča"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "smreka"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smrek"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "smreka"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "škrjok"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šmrěk"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "yolka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ёлка"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pícea"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "msprusi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "pʼȍkʼúowoną"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "yeş",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "еш"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "serşe",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "серше"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "terke",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "терке"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ladin"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "şivi",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "шиви"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jalýcja",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "яли́ця"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "smeréka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "смере́ка"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jalýna",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "яли́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "vân sam"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "epiceya"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "sbriws"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 0 4 1",
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qarıya",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "харыйа"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The wood of a spruce."
],
"id": "en-spruce-en-noun-5gcwAWLO",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The wood of a spruce."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smrk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"word": "grantræ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"word": "granbrænde (firewood)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sparrenhout"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grann"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grannviður"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"word": "kuusi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fichtenholz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "greni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pícea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abeto vermelho"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jelʹ",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ель"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giuthas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "smrȅka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 6 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "granträ"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 25 0 33 1 18 3 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 18 1 28 1 31 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 1 32 2 17 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 35 2 18 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 7 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 2 33 4 18 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 2 24 5 19 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 2 24 4 20 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 22 5 22 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 1 22 7 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chechen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 24 4 19 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cheyenne translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chuvash translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 1 18 5 14 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 24 4 21 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 2 30 2 21 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 1 27 3 22 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Elfdalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 21 2 27 5 19 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Erzya translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 1 27 4 23 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 2 24 4 20 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 1 28 1 25 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 2 24 4 20 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 1 21 5 17 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 27 9 20 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 2 25 1 18 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 1 26 6 20 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 2 27 5 20 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gwich'in translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 6 18 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 26 3 21 6 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 1 19 4 15 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 1 30 1 20 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 2 29 4 19 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Interlingua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 1 31 3 20 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Inupiaq translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 20 1 22 5 18 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 2 31 1 22 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 2 30 1 24 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kashubian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 2 27 4 20 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Khakas translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 0 28 2 20 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kildin Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 2 26 7 19 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 29 1 26 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 2 31 1 22 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Limburgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 1 24 5 18 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 20 3 24 11 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 21 1 29 6 19 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 1 26 6 20 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 21 4 18 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 1 22 3 16 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 2 26 5 19 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Navajo translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 25 1 32 4 17 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 2 23 6 19 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 32 4 17 2 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 2 25 6 19 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ossetian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 23 1 31 2 19 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 22 3 18 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 2 27 5 20 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Quechua translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 2 24 5 19 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 29 1 26 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 2 27 5 20 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Salar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Samogitian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 0 28 2 19 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 6 16 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 0 27 2 20 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 21 1 33 1 21 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 2 27 5 20 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swahili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 1 23 5 19 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 1 28 5 19 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Taos translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 1 23 5 19 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tuvan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 1 22 7 21 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 2 26 8 19 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 6 19 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 1 30 1 23 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 2 23 4 18 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 21 1 30 5 15 7 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Hides",
"orig": "en:Hides",
"parents": [
"Leatherworking",
"Materials",
"Crafts",
"Manufacturing",
"Society",
"Human activity",
"All topics",
"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental",
"Human"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That spruce table is beautiful!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made of the wood of the spruce."
],
"id": "en-spruce-en-noun-8J5CbWBm",
"raw_glosses": [
"(used attributively) Made of the wood of the spruce."
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "15 9 76 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "smrkový"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 9 76 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "gran-"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 9 76 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "kuusipuinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 9 76 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "kuusi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 9 76 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "greni-"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 9 76 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 9 76 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 9 76 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jelóvyj",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "ело́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "15 9 76 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "gran-"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 20 3 24 11 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Prussian leather; pruce."
],
"id": "en-spruce-en-noun-31Ehum~F",
"links": [
[
"Prussian",
"Prussian"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"pruce",
"pruce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Prussian leather; pruce."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "spro͞os"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹuːs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-spruce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg/En-us-spruce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹʉs/",
"tags": [
"Northern-Ireland",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hanseatic League"
],
"word": "spruce"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "Spruce"
},
"expansion": "Middle English Spruce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prg",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses (\"trim, neat\" and \"to make trim, neat\") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sprucer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sprucest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "spruce (comparative sprucer, superlative sprucest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 18 1 28 1 31 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 7 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 2 24 5 19 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 2 24 4 20 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 22 5 22 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 1 22 7 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chechen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 24 4 19 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cheyenne translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chuvash translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 1 18 5 14 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 24 4 21 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 1 27 3 22 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Elfdalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 1 27 4 23 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 1 28 1 25 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 1 21 5 17 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 2 25 1 18 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 6 18 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 1 19 4 15 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 1 30 1 20 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 20 1 22 5 18 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kashubian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 0 28 2 20 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kildin Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 2 26 7 19 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 29 1 26 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 1 24 5 18 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 20 3 24 11 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 21 4 18 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 1 22 3 16 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 2 23 6 19 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 2 25 6 19 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ossetian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 22 3 18 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 29 1 26 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Samogitian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 0 28 2 19 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 6 16 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 0 27 2 20 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 1 23 5 19 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 1 23 5 19 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tuvan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 1 22 7 21 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 2 26 8 19 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 6 19 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 2 23 4 18 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1606, William Warner, “The Sixteenth Booke. Chapter CI.”, in A Continuance of Albions England: […], London: […] Felix Kyngston [and Richard Bradock?] for George Potter, […], →OCLC, page 399:",
"text": "Hovv often vvould the Svvaines prepare their Morrice & their May / To haue a ſight of her, vvhen all enamoured vvent their vvay? / The ſprevvſeſt Citie-Lads for her vvould faine the Countrie-aire, / And that their prouder Girles had but adultrate beauties ſvvaire, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1916, Henry Beston, A Volunteer Poilu:",
"text": "[A] baker's boy in a white apron and blue jumpers went by carrying a basket of bread on his head; and from the nearby tobacconist's, a spruce young lieutenant dressed in a black uniform emerged lighting a cigarette.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter XXXI, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:",
"text": "He had great neatness of person, and he continued to wear his spruce black coat and his bowler hat, always a little too small for him, in a dapper, jaunty manner.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth:",
"text": "A spruce young lieutenant came over, saluted and clambered into the back of our jeep, and we were off.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 October 13, “Plessey returns: Chips with everything”, in The Economist, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-10-13:",
"text": "The two clean rooms, where chips are made, are sprucer than a hospital theatre.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Smart, trim, and elegant in appearance; fastidious (said of a person)."
],
"id": "en-spruce-en-adj-rA09~QpL",
"links": [
[
"Smart",
"smart"
],
[
"trim",
"trim"
],
[
"elegant",
"elegant"
],
[
"fastidious",
"fastidious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(comparable) Smart, trim, and elegant in appearance; fastidious (said of a person)."
],
"tags": [
"comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "spretnat",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "спретнат"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdokaran",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "издокаран"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "tyylikäs"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "breabhsánta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "pioctha"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "elegancki"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "narjádnyj",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "наря́дный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "elegántnyj",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "элега́нтный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izjáščnyj",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "изя́щный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščegolevátyj",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "щеголева́тый"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "stilig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "flott"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "elegant"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "spro͞os"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹuːs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-spruce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg/En-us-spruce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹʉs/",
"tags": [
"Northern-Ireland",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hanseatic League"
],
"word": "spruce"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "spruce up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sprucen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "Spruce"
},
"expansion": "Middle English Spruce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prg",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses (\"trim, neat\" and \"to make trim, neat\") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spruces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sprucing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "spruced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "spruced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spruce (third-person singular simple present spruces, present participle sprucing, simple past and past participle spruced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 18 1 28 1 31 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 7 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 23 2 24 5 19 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 2 24 4 20 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 2 22 5 22 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 1 22 7 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chechen translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 24 4 19 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cheyenne translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chuvash translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 1 18 5 14 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 24 4 21 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 23 1 27 3 22 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Elfdalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 1 27 4 23 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Faroese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 20 1 28 1 25 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Friulian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 1 21 5 17 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 25 2 25 1 18 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 6 18 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 1 19 4 15 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 1 30 1 20 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 20 1 22 5 18 7 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kashubian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 25 0 28 2 20 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kildin Sami translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 2 26 7 19 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 29 1 26 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 1 24 5 18 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lombard translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 20 3 24 11 16 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Low German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 23 1 21 4 18 7 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 1 22 3 16 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 6 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 2 23 6 19 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 20 2 25 6 19 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ossetian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 22 3 18 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 29 1 26 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 20 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Samogitian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 24 0 28 2 19 1 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 6 16 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 0 27 2 20 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 1 23 5 19 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 17 1 20 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tatar translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 1 23 5 19 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 20 2 23 6 18 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tuvan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 19 1 22 7 21 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 2 26 8 19 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 17 1 21 5 16 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 19 2 23 6 19 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 2 23 4 18 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To arrange neatly; tidy up."
],
"id": "en-spruce-en-verb-SkSCmCdC",
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#English"
],
[
"tidy up",
"tidy up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually with up) To arrange neatly; tidy up."
],
"tags": [
"usually",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make oneself spruce (neat and elegant in appearance)."
],
"id": "en-spruce-en-verb-bZxS7gS8",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"up",
"up#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, usually with up) To make oneself spruce (neat and elegant in appearance)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive",
"usually",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 19 2 24 4 20 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 1 18 5 14 6 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 1 21 5 17 7 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 1 19 4 15 8 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 18 2 23 6 19 7 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 19 1 22 3 18 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 16 1 21 5 17 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 2 23 4 18 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yakut translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To tease."
],
"id": "en-spruce-en-verb-6zvj2LV6",
"links": [
[
"tease",
"tease"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "spro͞os"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹuːs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-spruce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg/En-us-spruce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹʉs/",
"tags": [
"Northern-Ireland",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hanseatic League"
],
"word": "spruce"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Baltic languages",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Prussian",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːs",
"Rhymes:English/uːs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chechen translations",
"Terms with Cheyenne translations",
"Terms with Chuvash translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Elfdalian translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"Terms with Gwich'in translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Inupiaq translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kashubian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khakas translations",
"Terms with Kildin Sami translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Salar translations",
"Terms with Samogitian translations",
"Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tuvan translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"en:Conifers",
"en:Hides"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Picea mariana",
"word": "black spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea pungens",
"word": "blue spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea breweriana",
"word": "Brewer's spruce"
},
{
"word": "Colorado blue spruce"
},
{
"word": "Colorado spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea pungens",
"word": "Colorado green spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea jezoensis",
"word": "dark-bark spruce"
},
{
"word": "Engelmann spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea engelmannii",
"word": "Engelmann's spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea abies",
"word": "European spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea jezoensis",
"word": "Ezo spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea pungens",
"word": "green spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea jezoensis",
"word": "Jezo spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea koyamae",
"word": "Koyama's spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea abies",
"word": "Norway spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Tsuga mertensiana",
"word": "Patton's spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea rubens",
"word": "red spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea omorika",
"word": "Serbian spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea obovata",
"word": "Siberian spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea engelmannii",
"word": "silver spruce"
},
{
"word": "Picea pungens)"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea sitchensis",
"word": "Sitka spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Adelgidae spp.",
"word": "spruce aphid"
},
{
"word": "spruce beer"
},
{
"word": "spruce cone"
},
{
"word": "spruce grouse"
},
{
"alt": "Dendrapagus canadensis",
"word": "spruce hen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Pinus glabra",
"word": "spruce pine"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Spinus spinus",
"word": "spruce siskin"
},
{
"word": "spruce tip"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea breweriana",
"word": "weeping spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Choristoneura freemani",
"word": "western spruce budworm"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea glauca",
"word": "white spruce"
},
{
"word": "Yeddo spruce"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Picea jezoensis",
"word": "Yezo spruce"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "sprusz",
"bor": "1",
"qq": "Canada, United States"
},
"expansion": "→ Kashubian: sprusz (Canada, United States)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kashubian: sprusz (Canada, United States)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "สปรูซ",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Thai: สปรูซ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Thai: สปรูซ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "Spruce"
},
"expansion": "Middle English Spruce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prg",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses (\"trim, neat\" and \"to make trim, neat\") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spruces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spruce",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "s",
"3": "spruce"
},
"expansion": "spruce (countable and uncountable, plural spruces or spruce)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa"
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various large coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs from the genus Picea, found in northern temperate and boreal regions; originally and more fully spruce fir."
],
"links": [
[
"coniferous",
"coniferous"
],
[
"evergreen",
"evergreen"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
],
[
"Picea",
"Picea#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The wood of a spruce."
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The wood of a spruce."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "That spruce table is beautiful!",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made of the wood of the spruce."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(used attributively) Made of the wood of the spruce."
],
"tags": [
"attributive",
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Prussian leather; pruce."
],
"links": [
[
"Prussian",
"Prussian"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"pruce",
"pruce"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Prussian leather; pruce."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "spro͞os"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹuːs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-spruce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg/En-us-spruce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹʉs/",
"tags": [
"Northern-Ireland",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ab",
"lang": "Abkhaz",
"roman": "apsadz",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "аԥсаӡ"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "spar"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "bredhi i zi"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "hormoç"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "Alemannic German",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "Fichte"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "tannūb",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "تَنُّوب"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "eġewni",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "եղևնի"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "küknar"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "şırşı",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "шыршы"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jólka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ёлка"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "jalína",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ялі́на"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smǎrč",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "смърч"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "avet roig"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "baza",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "база"
},
{
"code": "chy",
"lang": "Cheyenne",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "šéstótó'e"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yúnshān",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "雲杉 /云杉"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "čărăš",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "чӑрӑш"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smrk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spar"
},
{
"code": "ovd",
"lang": "Elfdalian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "grån"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "kuz",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "куз"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "piceo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "kuusk"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grann"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "kuusi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "épicéa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"feminine"
],
"word": "épinette"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "peç"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "naʒvi",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ნაძვი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fichte"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "erythreláti",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ερυθρελάτη"
},
{
"code": "kl",
"lang": "Greenlandic",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "orpiliassaq"
},
{
"code": "gwi",
"lang": "Gwich'in",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ts'iivii"
},
{
"code": "haw",
"lang": "Hawaiian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "lāʻau hū"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "אשוחית"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "lucfenyő"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "luc"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "greni"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grön"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "abieto"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"code": "ik",
"lang": "Inupiaq",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "napaaqtuq"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sprús"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abete rosso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peccio"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "tōhi",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "唐檜"
},
{
"code": "csb",
"lang": "Kashubian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "dana"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "şyrşa",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "шырша"
},
{
"code": "kjh",
"lang": "Khakas",
"roman": "tìgen",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "тіген"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gamunbi namu",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "가문비 나무"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kaj"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "yolka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ёлка"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "egle"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "egle"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "sjpar"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "eglė"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "paghéra"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "peghéra"
},
{
"code": "lmo",
"lang": "Lombard",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "pighéra"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fücht"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "Fiicht"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Fiichten"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "smrča",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "смрча"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"note": "in narrow sense",
"roman": "gacuur",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "гацуур"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "ɣačur-a",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠭᠠᠴᠤᠷᠠ"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "chʼó"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sapîn"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "guossa"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "picea"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "nazty",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "назты"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "sapin"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Fijcht"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "świerk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abeto vermelho"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "pícea"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "espruce"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "pisya"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molid"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jelʹ",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jólka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ёлка"
},
{
"code": "slr",
"lang": "Salar",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "sompa"
},
{
"code": "sjd",
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
"roman": "kūss",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "кӯсс"
},
{
"code": "sgs",
"lang": "Samogitian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "eglė"
},
{
"code": "stq",
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "Kjuusdanne"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giuthas"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "omorika"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "smrča"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "smreka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smrek"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "smreka"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "škrjok"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "šmrěk"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "yolka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ёлка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pícea"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "msprusi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "twf",
"lang": "Taos",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "pʼȍkʼúowoną"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "yeş",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "еш"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "serşe",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "серше"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "terke",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "терке"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "ladin"
},
{
"code": "tyv",
"lang": "Tuvan",
"roman": "şivi",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "шиви"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jalýcja",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "яли́ця"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "smeréka",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "смере́ка"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "jalýna",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "яли́на"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "vân sam"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "epiceya"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "sbriws"
},
{
"code": "sah",
"lang": "Yakut",
"roman": "qarıya",
"sense": "tree from the genus Picea",
"word": "харыйа"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smrk"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"word": "grantræ"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"word": "granbrænde (firewood)"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "sparrenhout"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "grann"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grannviður"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"word": "kuusi"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fichtenholz"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "greni"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pícea"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abeto vermelho"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "molid"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jelʹ",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ель"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "giuthas"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "smrȅka"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "wood of a spruce",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "granträ"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "smrkový"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "gran-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "kuusipuinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "kuusi-"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "greni-"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gran"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "jelóvyj",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "ело́вый"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "attributive: made of the wood of the spruce",
"word": "gran-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hanseatic League"
],
"word": "spruce"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Baltic languages",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Prussian",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːs",
"Rhymes:English/uːs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chechen translations",
"Terms with Cheyenne translations",
"Terms with Chuvash translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Elfdalian translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"Terms with Gwich'in translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Inupiaq translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kashubian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khakas translations",
"Terms with Kildin Sami translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Salar translations",
"Terms with Samogitian translations",
"Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tuvan translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"en:Conifers",
"en:Hides"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "Spruce"
},
"expansion": "Middle English Spruce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prg",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses (\"trim, neat\" and \"to make trim, neat\") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sprucer",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "sprucest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "spruce (comparative sprucer, superlative sprucest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1606, William Warner, “The Sixteenth Booke. Chapter CI.”, in A Continuance of Albions England: […], London: […] Felix Kyngston [and Richard Bradock?] for George Potter, […], →OCLC, page 399:",
"text": "Hovv often vvould the Svvaines prepare their Morrice & their May / To haue a ſight of her, vvhen all enamoured vvent their vvay? / The ſprevvſeſt Citie-Lads for her vvould faine the Countrie-aire, / And that their prouder Girles had but adultrate beauties ſvvaire, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1916, Henry Beston, A Volunteer Poilu:",
"text": "[A] baker's boy in a white apron and blue jumpers went by carrying a basket of bread on his head; and from the nearby tobacconist's, a spruce young lieutenant dressed in a black uniform emerged lighting a cigarette.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter XXXI, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:",
"text": "He had great neatness of person, and he continued to wear his spruce black coat and his bowler hat, always a little too small for him, in a dapper, jaunty manner.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1952, Norman Lewis, Golden Earth:",
"text": "A spruce young lieutenant came over, saluted and clambered into the back of our jeep, and we were off.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 October 13, “Plessey returns: Chips with everything”, in The Economist, London: The Economist Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-10-13:",
"text": "The two clean rooms, where chips are made, are sprucer than a hospital theatre.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Smart, trim, and elegant in appearance; fastidious (said of a person)."
],
"links": [
[
"Smart",
"smart"
],
[
"trim",
"trim"
],
[
"elegant",
"elegant"
],
[
"fastidious",
"fastidious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(comparable) Smart, trim, and elegant in appearance; fastidious (said of a person)."
],
"tags": [
"comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "spro͞os"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹuːs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-spruce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg/En-us-spruce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹʉs/",
"tags": [
"Northern-Ireland",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "spretnat",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "спретнат"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdokaran",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "издокаран"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "tyylikäs"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "breabhsánta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "pioctha"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "elegancki"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "narjádnyj",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "наря́дный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "elegántnyj",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "элега́нтный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izjáščnyj",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "изя́щный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ščegolevátyj",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "щеголева́тый"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "stilig"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "flott"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "smart and elegant",
"word": "elegant"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hanseatic League"
],
"word": "spruce"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Baltic languages",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Prussian",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːs",
"Rhymes:English/uːs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Abkhaz translations",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Chechen translations",
"Terms with Cheyenne translations",
"Terms with Chuvash translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Elfdalian translations",
"Terms with Erzya translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Greenlandic translations",
"Terms with Gwich'in translations",
"Terms with Hawaiian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Interlingua translations",
"Terms with Inupiaq translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kashubian translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khakas translations",
"Terms with Kildin Sami translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lombard translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Northern Sami translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Ossetian translations",
"Terms with Piedmontese translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Salar translations",
"Terms with Samogitian translations",
"Terms with Saterland Frisian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Southern Altai translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swahili translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Taos translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Tuvan translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with Yakut translations",
"en:Conifers",
"en:Hides"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spruce up"
},
{
"word": "sprucen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "Spruce"
},
"expansion": "Middle English Spruce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bat",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prg",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses (\"trim, neat\" and \"to make trim, neat\") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "spruces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sprucing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "spruced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "spruced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "spruce (third-person singular simple present spruces, present participle sprucing, simple past and past participle spruced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To arrange neatly; tidy up."
],
"links": [
[
"up",
"up#English"
],
[
"tidy up",
"tidy up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually with up) To arrange neatly; tidy up."
],
"tags": [
"usually",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make oneself spruce (neat and elegant in appearance)."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"up",
"up#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, intransitive, usually with up) To make oneself spruce (neat and elegant in appearance)."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive",
"usually",
"with-up"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To tease."
],
"links": [
[
"tease",
"tease"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "spro͞os"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹuːs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-spruce.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg/En-us-spruce.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/En-us-spruce.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/spɹʉs/",
"tags": [
"Northern-Ireland",
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hanseatic League"
],
"word": "spruce"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spruce meaning in English (40.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.