"ridge" meaning in English

See ridge in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ɹɪd͡ʒ/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-ridge.ogg [US] Forms: ridges [plural]
enPR: rĭj Rhymes: -ɪd͡ʒ Etymology: From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|rigge}} Middle English rigge, {{m|enm|rygge}} rygge, {{m|enm|rig}} rig, {{m|enm|ryg}} ryg, {{m|enm|rug}} rug, {{inh|en|ang|hryċġ|t=back, spine, ridge, elevated surface}} Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*hrugi}} Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*hrugjaz|t=back}} Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)krewk-}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, {{m|ine-pro|*(s)ker-|t=to turn, bend}} *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”), {{cog|sco|rig|t=back, spine, ridge}} Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), {{cog|frr|reg|t=back}} North Frisian reg (“back”), {{cog|fy|rêch|t=back}} West Frisian rêch (“back”), {{cog|nl|rug|t=back, ridge}} Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), {{cog|de|Rücken|t=back, ridge}} German Rücken (“back, ridge”), {{cog|sv|rygg|t=back, spine, ridge}} Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), {{cog|is|hryggur|t=spine}} Icelandic hryggur (“spine”), {{cog|sq|kërrus|t=to bend one's back}} Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”), {{m|sq|kurriz|t=back}} kurriz (“back”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} ridge (plural ridges)
  1. (anatomy) The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped. Categories (topical): Anatomy
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-noun-qQAPiFGx Topics: anatomy, medicine, sciences
  2. Any extended protuberance; a projecting line or strip.
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-noun-FdIw9Iz2
  3. The line along which two sloping surfaces meet which diverge towards the ground. Translations (line along which two sloping surfaces meet): хребет (hrebet) [masculine] (Bulgarian), carena [feminine] (Catalan), harjanne (Finnish), selkä (Finnish), crête [feminine] (French), aresta [feminine] (Galician), Grat [masculine] (German), कटक (kaṭak) (Hindi), डाँग (ḍāṅg) (Hindi), gerinc (Hungarian), cresta [feminine] (Italian), crinale [masculine] (Italian), costone [masculine] (Italian), rabung (Malay), ⁧صرت⁩ (sırt) (Ottoman Turkish), ⁧گریوه⁩ (garive) (Persian), aresta [feminine] (Portuguese), cresta [feminine] (Portuguese), creastă [feminine] (Romanian), гре́бень (grébenʹ) [masculine] (Russian), crista [feminine] (Sicilian), greben [masculine] (Slovene), cresta [feminine] (Spanish), arista [feminine] (Spanish), ås [common-gender] (Swedish), sırt (Turkish), sud [common-gender] (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-noun-NqhOdzxm Disambiguation of 'line along which two sloping surfaces meet': 2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3
  4. The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area. Translations (highest point on a roof): било (bilo) [neuter] (Bulgarian), nok [feminine, masculine] (Dutch), harja (Finnish), katonharja (Finnish), faîte [masculine] (French), cume [masculine] (Galician), First [masculine] (German), orom (Hungarian), oromzat (Hungarian), mullach [masculine] (Irish), colmo [masculine] (Italian), 大棟 (ōmune) (alt: おおむね) (Japanese), čukurs (Latgalian), kore (Latvian), би́ло (bílo) [neuter] (Macedonian), rabung (Malay), møne [neuter] (Norwegian), szczyt [masculine] (Polish), kalenica [feminine] (Polish), cumeeira [feminine] (Portuguese), mullach [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), hrbat [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), cumbrera [feminine] (Spanish), caballete [masculine] (Spanish), nock [common-gender] (Swedish), taknock [common-gender] (Swedish), takås [common-gender] (Swedish), palupo (Tagalog), palupuhan (Tagalog), doruk (Turkish), zirve (Turkish), serni [neuter] (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-noun-kBFCsLW4 Disambiguation of 'highest point on a roof': 1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3
  5. (fortifications) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way.
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-noun-Mhjv-UMm Topics: fortifications, government, military, politics, war
  6. A chain of mountains. Translations (chain of mountains): kreshtë [feminine] (Albanian), creastã [feminine] (Aromanian), планинска верига (planinska veriga) [feminine] (Bulgarian), serralada [feminine] (Catalan), 山脊 (Shānjǐ) (Chinese Mandarin), hřeben [masculine] (Czech), bergkam [masculine] (Dutch), bergrug [masculine] (Dutch), vuorijono (Finnish), crête (French), serra [feminine] (Galician), cordal [masculine] (Galician), fial [masculine] (Galician), aspra [feminine] (Galician), encorgada [feminine] (Galician), Bergrücken [masculine] (German), Grat (German), Kamm [masculine] (German), hegygerinc (Hungarian), hegyhát (Hungarian), hegylánc (Hungarian), catena [feminine] (Italian), пла́нинска ве́рига (pláninska vériga) [feminine] (Macedonian), ве́рига (vériga) [feminine] (Macedonian), rabung (Malay), tūtūātanga (Maori), rygg [masculine] (Norwegian), åsrygg [masculine] (Norwegian), Launtrigjen [masculine] (Plautdietsch), grzbiet [masculine] (Polish), espinhaço [masculine] (Portuguese), serro [masculine] (Portuguese), serra [feminine] (Portuguese), cordilheira [feminine] (Portuguese), creastă [feminine] (Romanian), го́рный хребе́т (górnyj xrebét) [masculine] (Russian), го́рная цепь (górnaja cepʹ) [feminine] (Russian), хребе́т (xrebét) [masculine] (Russian), cordillera [feminine] (Spanish), sierra [feminine] (Spanish), bergsrygg [common-gender] (Swedish), rygg [common-gender] (Swedish), dağ silsilesi (Turkish), koyani (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-noun-FTkqs-nC Disambiguation of 'chain of mountains': 0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1
  7. A chain of hills. Translations (chain of hills): δειράς (deirás) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), serra [feminine] (Catalan), hřeben [masculine] (Czech), heuvelkam [masculine] (Dutch), heuvelrug [masculine] (Dutch), altaĵaro (Esperanto), seljak (Estonian), seljandik (Estonian), selkä (Finnish), serra [feminine] (Galician), taupae (Maori), hiwi (Maori), miki (Maori), kahiwi (Maori), taukahiwi (Maori), tuahiwi (Maori), tūtūātanga (Maori), rygg [masculine] (Norwegian), åsrygg [masculine] (Norwegian), åskam [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), åskam [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), Launtrigjen [masculine] (Plautdietsch), pasmo [neuter] (Polish), serro [masculine] (Portuguese), serra [feminine] (Portuguese), го́рный хребе́т (górnyj xrebét) [masculine] (Russian), го́рная цепь (górnaja cepʹ) [feminine] (Russian), ås [common-gender] (Swedish), gedug (diq) [masculine] (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-noun-BkgN2YGo Disambiguation of 'chain of hills': 1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2
  8. (oceanography) A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom. Categories (topical): Oceanography Translations (elevation on ocean bottom): хребет (hrebet) [masculine] (Bulgarian), oceánský hřbet [masculine] (Czech), zeerug (Dutch), keskiselänne (Finnish), dorsale [feminine] (French), dorsale [feminine] (Italian), rygg [masculine] (Norwegian), grzbiet [masculine] (Polish), dorsal oceânica (Portuguese), океани́ческий хребе́т (okeaníčeskij xrebét) [masculine] (Russian), хребе́т (xrebét) [masculine] (Russian), dorsal [feminine] (Spanish), dorsal oceánica [feminine] (Spanish), rygg [common-gender] (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-noun-jZtzyG4T Topics: geography, natural-sciences, oceanography Disambiguation of 'elevation on ocean bottom': 1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8
  9. (meteorology) An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure. Categories (topical): Meteorology Categories (place): Landforms
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-noun-Qse-n~yl Disambiguation of Landforms: 4 4 4 4 5 6 9 16 34 5 8 Topics: climatology, meteorology, natural-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: rig [dialectal]

Verb

IPA: /ɹɪd͡ʒ/ [UK, US] Audio: en-us-ridge.ogg [US] Forms: ridges [present, singular, third-person], ridging [participle, present], ridged [participle, past], ridged [past]
enPR: rĭj Rhymes: -ɪd͡ʒ Etymology: From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|rigge}} Middle English rigge, {{m|enm|rygge}} rygge, {{m|enm|rig}} rig, {{m|enm|ryg}} ryg, {{m|enm|rug}} rug, {{inh|en|ang|hryċġ|t=back, spine, ridge, elevated surface}} Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*hrugi}} Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*hrugjaz|t=back}} Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*(s)krewk-}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, {{m|ine-pro|*(s)ker-|t=to turn, bend}} *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”), {{cog|sco|rig|t=back, spine, ridge}} Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), {{cog|frr|reg|t=back}} North Frisian reg (“back”), {{cog|fy|rêch|t=back}} West Frisian rêch (“back”), {{cog|nl|rug|t=back, ridge}} Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), {{cog|de|Rücken|t=back, ridge}} German Rücken (“back, ridge”), {{cog|sv|rygg|t=back, spine, ridge}} Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), {{cog|is|hryggur|t=spine}} Icelandic hryggur (“spine”), {{cog|sq|kërrus|t=to bend one's back}} Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”), {{m|sq|kurriz|t=back}} kurriz (“back”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} ridge (third-person singular simple present ridges, present participle ridging, simple past and past participle ridged)
  1. (transitive) To form into a ridge Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-verb-L1EBdzVv
  2. (intransitive) To extend in ridges Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-ridge-en-verb-rRh4k37O
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: rig [dialectal] Derived forms: ridging hoe Related terms: Rhodesian Ridgeback, crest

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for ridge meaning in English (35.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Acalanes Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "alveolar ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "apical ectodermal ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "barrier ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "beach ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Blue Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "brow ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Cato Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Cedar Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "combing ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "interridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Kelly Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Maple Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "microridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "mid-oceanic ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "mid-ocean ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "nanoridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Oak Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Oakridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "oblique ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "orbital ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "pressure ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgeback"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridge beam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgebone"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridge course"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridge harrow"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgeless"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgelet"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgelike"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgepiece"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgeplate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridge plough"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridge pole"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridge push"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridge rope"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridge-runner"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgeside"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgetop"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridge vent"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgewise"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ridgy"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "round-ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "runridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sandridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Sand Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Sandridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Shelly Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "trail ridge scrub grasshopper"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "unridged"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "upridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Walnut Ridge"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Wheat Ridge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rigge"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rigge",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rygge"
      },
      "expansion": "rygge",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rig"
      },
      "expansion": "rig",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ryg"
      },
      "expansion": "ryg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rug"
      },
      "expansion": "rug",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hryċġ",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge, elevated surface"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hrugi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrugi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrugjaz",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)krewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)ker-",
        "t": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rig",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "reg",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian reg (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "rêch",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian rêch (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rug",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch rug (“back, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Rücken",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "German Rücken (“back, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rygg",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hryggur",
        "t": "spine"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hryggur (“spine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kërrus",
        "t": "to bend one's back"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kurriz",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "kurriz (“back”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).\nCognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ridges",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ridge (plural ridges)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "en:Anatomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped."
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-noun-qQAPiFGx",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "groove"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The plough threw up ridges of earth between the furrows.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any extended protuberance; a projecting line or strip."
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-noun-FdIw9Iz2",
      "links": [
        [
          "protuberance",
          "protuberance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "mountain ridge",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The line along which two sloping surfaces meet which diverge towards the ground."
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-noun-NqhOdzxm",
      "links": [
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ],
        [
          "sloping",
          "sloping"
        ],
        [
          "surface",
          "surface"
        ],
        [
          "meet",
          "meet"
        ],
        [
          "diverge",
          "diverge"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "hrebet",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "хребет"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "carena"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "word": "harjanne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "word": "selkä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "crête"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aresta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Grat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "kaṭak",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "word": "कटक"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "ḍāṅg",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "word": "डाँग"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "word": "gerinc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cresta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "crinale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "costone"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "word": "rabung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "sırt",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "word": "⁧صرت⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "garive",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "word": "⁧گریوه⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aresta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cresta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "creastă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "grébenʹ",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "гре́бень"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "crista"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "greben"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cresta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "arista"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "ås"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "word": "sırt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 7 76 7 3 0 1 2 3",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "sud"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1907, Harold Bindloss, chapter 26, in The Dust of Conflict",
          "text": "Maccario, it was evident, did not care to take the risk of blundering upon a picket, and a man led them by twisting paths until at last the hacienda rose blackly before them. Appleby could see it dimly, a blur of shadowy buildings with the ridge of roof parapet alone cutting hard and sharp against the clearing sky.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area."
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-noun-kBFCsLW4",
      "links": [
        [
          "horizontal",
          "horizontal"
        ],
        [
          "intersect",
          "intersect"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "bilo",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "било"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "nok"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "harja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "katonharja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "faîte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cume"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "First"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "orom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "oromzat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mullach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "colmo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "alt": "おおむね",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "ōmune",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "大棟"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "ltg",
          "lang": "Latgalian",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "čukurs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "kore"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "bílo",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "би́ло"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "rabung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "møne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "szczyt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "kalenica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cumeeira"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mullach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hrbat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cumbrera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "caballete"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "nock"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "taknock"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "takås"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "palupo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "palupuhan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "doruk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "word": "zirve"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 3 2 74 10 0 0 5 3",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "highest point on a roof",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "serni"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1853-1855, Joachim Hayward Stocqueler, The Life of Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington",
          "text": "the British Guards lie down behind a ridge to avoid the shot and shell from the opposite heights",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way."
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-noun-Mhjv-UMm",
      "links": [
        [
          "glacis",
          "glacis"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(fortifications) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "fortifications",
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A chain of mountains."
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-noun-FTkqs-nC",
      "links": [
        [
          "mountains",
          "mountains"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "kreshtë"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "rup",
          "lang": "Aromanian",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "creastã"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "planinska veriga",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "планинска верига"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "serralada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "Shānjǐ",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "山脊"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hřeben"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bergkam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bergrug"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "vuorijono"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "crête"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "serra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cordal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "fial"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "aspra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "encorgada"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bergrücken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "Grat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Kamm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "hegygerinc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "hegyhát"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "hegylánc"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "catena"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "pláninska vériga",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "пла́нинска ве́рига"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "vériga",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ве́рига"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "rabung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "tūtūātanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rygg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "åsrygg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Launtrigjen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grzbiet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "espinhaço"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "serro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "serra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cordilheira"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "creastă"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "górnyj xrebét",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "го́рный хребе́т"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "górnaja cepʹ",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "го́рная цепь"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "xrebét",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "хребе́т"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cordillera"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "sierra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "bergsrygg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "rygg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "dağ silsilesi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 1 89 8 0 1",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "chain of mountains",
          "word": "koyani"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A chain of hills."
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-noun-BkgN2YGo",
      "links": [
        [
          "hills",
          "hills"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "serra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hřeben"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "heuvelkam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "heuvelrug"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "altaĵaro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "seljak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "seljandik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "selkä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "serra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "deirás",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "δειράς"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "taupae"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "hiwi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "miki"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "kahiwi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "taukahiwi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "tuahiwi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "word": "tūtūātanga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rygg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "åsrygg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "åskam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "åskam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Launtrigjen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pasmo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "serro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "serra"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "górnyj xrebét",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "го́рный хребе́т"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "górnaja cepʹ",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "го́рная цепь"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "ås"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 1 1 1 8 85 1 2",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "chain of hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gedug (diq)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Oceanography",
          "orig": "en:Oceanography",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom."
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-noun-jZtzyG4T",
      "links": [
        [
          "oceanography",
          "oceanography"
        ],
        [
          "elevation",
          "elevation"
        ],
        [
          "ocean",
          "ocean"
        ],
        [
          "bottom",
          "bottom"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(oceanography) A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences",
        "oceanography"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "hrebet",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "хребет"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "oceánský hřbet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "word": "zeerug"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "word": "keskiselänne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dorsale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dorsale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rygg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "grzbiet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "word": "dorsal oceânica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "okeaníčeskij xrebét",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "океани́ческий хребе́т"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "xrebét",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "хребе́т"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dorsal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dorsal oceánica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 1 2 8 3 1 1 76 8",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "rygg"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trough"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Meteorology",
          "orig": "en:Meteorology",
          "parents": [
            "Atmosphere",
            "Earth sciences",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 4 4 5 6 9 16 34 5 8",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Landforms",
          "orig": "en:Landforms",
          "parents": [
            "Earth",
            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure."
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-noun-Qse-n~yl",
      "links": [
        [
          "meteorology",
          "meteorology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(meteorology) An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "climatology",
        "meteorology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪd͡ʒ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ridge.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-ridge.ogg/En-us-ridge.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-ridge.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rĭj"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "rig"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ridge"
  ],
  "word": "ridge"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ridging hoe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rigge"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rigge",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rygge"
      },
      "expansion": "rygge",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rig"
      },
      "expansion": "rig",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ryg"
      },
      "expansion": "ryg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rug"
      },
      "expansion": "rug",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hryċġ",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge, elevated surface"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hrugi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrugi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrugjaz",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)krewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)ker-",
        "t": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rig",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "reg",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian reg (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "rêch",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian rêch (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rug",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch rug (“back, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Rücken",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "German Rücken (“back, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rygg",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hryggur",
        "t": "spine"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hryggur (“spine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kërrus",
        "t": "to bend one's back"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kurriz",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "kurriz (“back”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).\nCognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ridges",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ridging",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ridged",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ridged",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ridge (third-person singular simple present ridges, present participle ridging, simple past and past participle ridged)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Rhodesian Ridgeback"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "crest"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To form into a ridge"
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-verb-L1EBdzVv",
      "links": [
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To form into a ridge"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To extend in ridges"
      ],
      "id": "en-ridge-en-verb-rRh4k37O",
      "links": [
        [
          "extend",
          "extend"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To extend in ridges"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪd͡ʒ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ridge.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-ridge.ogg/En-us-ridge.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-ridge.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rĭj"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "rig"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ridge"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Ido translations",
    "Requests for review of Irish translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "Requests for review of Korean translations",
    "Requests for review of Telugu translations",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "Acalanes Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "alveolar ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "apical ectodermal ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "barrier ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "beach ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Blue Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "brow ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Cato Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Cedar Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "combing ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "interridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Kelly Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Maple Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "microridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "mid-oceanic ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "mid-ocean ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "nanoridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Oak Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Oakridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "oblique ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "orbital ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "pressure ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgeback"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridge beam"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgebone"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridge course"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridge harrow"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgeless"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgelet"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgelike"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgepiece"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgeplate"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridge plough"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridge pole"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridge push"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridge rope"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridge-runner"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgeside"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgetop"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridge vent"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgewise"
    },
    {
      "word": "ridgy"
    },
    {
      "word": "round-ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "runridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "sandridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sand Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Sandridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Shelly Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "trail ridge scrub grasshopper"
    },
    {
      "word": "unridged"
    },
    {
      "word": "upridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Walnut Ridge"
    },
    {
      "word": "Wheat Ridge"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rigge"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rigge",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rygge"
      },
      "expansion": "rygge",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rig"
      },
      "expansion": "rig",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ryg"
      },
      "expansion": "ryg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rug"
      },
      "expansion": "rug",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hryċġ",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge, elevated surface"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hrugi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrugi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrugjaz",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)krewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)ker-",
        "t": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rig",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "reg",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian reg (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "rêch",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian rêch (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rug",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch rug (“back, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Rücken",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "German Rücken (“back, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rygg",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hryggur",
        "t": "spine"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hryggur (“spine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kërrus",
        "t": "to bend one's back"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kurriz",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "kurriz (“back”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).\nCognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ridges",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ridge (plural ridges)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "back",
          "back"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "groove"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The plough threw up ridges of earth between the furrows.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any extended protuberance; a projecting line or strip."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "protuberance",
          "protuberance"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "mountain ridge",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The line along which two sloping surfaces meet which diverge towards the ground."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "line",
          "line"
        ],
        [
          "sloping",
          "sloping"
        ],
        [
          "surface",
          "surface"
        ],
        [
          "meet",
          "meet"
        ],
        [
          "diverge",
          "diverge"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1907, Harold Bindloss, chapter 26, in The Dust of Conflict",
          "text": "Maccario, it was evident, did not care to take the risk of blundering upon a picket, and a man led them by twisting paths until at last the hacienda rose blackly before them. Appleby could see it dimly, a blur of shadowy buildings with the ridge of roof parapet alone cutting hard and sharp against the clearing sky.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "horizontal",
          "horizontal"
        ],
        [
          "intersect",
          "intersect"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1853-1855, Joachim Hayward Stocqueler, The Life of Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington",
          "text": "the British Guards lie down behind a ridge to avoid the shot and shell from the opposite heights",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "glacis",
          "glacis"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(fortifications) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "fortifications",
        "government",
        "military",
        "politics",
        "war"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A chain of mountains."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mountains",
          "mountains"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A chain of hills."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hills",
          "hills"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Oceanography"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "oceanography",
          "oceanography"
        ],
        [
          "elevation",
          "elevation"
        ],
        [
          "ocean",
          "ocean"
        ],
        [
          "bottom",
          "bottom"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(oceanography) A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "geography",
        "natural-sciences",
        "oceanography"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "trough"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "en:Meteorology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "meteorology",
          "meteorology"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(meteorology) An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "climatology",
        "meteorology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪd͡ʒ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ridge.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-ridge.ogg/En-us-ridge.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-ridge.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rĭj"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "rig"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "hrebet",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хребет"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "carena"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "word": "harjanne"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "word": "selkä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "crête"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aresta"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Grat"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "kaṭak",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "word": "कटक"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "ḍāṅg",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "word": "डाँग"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "word": "gerinc"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cresta"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "crinale"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "costone"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "word": "rabung"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "sırt",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "word": "⁧صرت⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "garive",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "word": "⁧گریوه⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aresta"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cresta"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "creastă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "grébenʹ",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гре́бень"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "crista"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "greben"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cresta"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "arista"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "ås"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "word": "sırt"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "line along which two sloping surfaces meet",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "sud"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "bilo",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "било"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "nok"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "harja"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "katonharja"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "faîte"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cume"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "First"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "orom"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "oromzat"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mullach"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "colmo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "おおむね",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "ōmune",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "大棟"
    },
    {
      "code": "ltg",
      "lang": "Latgalian",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "čukurs"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "kore"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "bílo",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "би́ло"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "rabung"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "møne"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "szczyt"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kalenica"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cumeeira"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mullach"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hrbat"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cumbrera"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "caballete"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "nock"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "taknock"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "takås"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "palupo"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "palupuhan"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "doruk"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "word": "zirve"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "highest point on a roof",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "serni"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kreshtë"
    },
    {
      "code": "rup",
      "lang": "Aromanian",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "creastã"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "planinska veriga",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "планинска верига"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "serralada"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "Shānjǐ",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "山脊"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hřeben"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bergkam"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bergrug"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "vuorijono"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "crête"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "serra"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cordal"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "fial"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "aspra"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "encorgada"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bergrücken"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "Grat"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kamm"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "hegygerinc"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "hegyhát"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "hegylánc"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "catena"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "pláninska vériga",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "пла́нинска ве́рига"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "vériga",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ве́рига"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "rabung"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "tūtūātanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rygg"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "åsrygg"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Launtrigjen"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grzbiet"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "espinhaço"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "serro"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "serra"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cordilheira"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "creastă"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "górnyj xrebét",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "го́рный хребе́т"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "górnaja cepʹ",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "го́рная цепь"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xrebét",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хребе́т"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cordillera"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "sierra"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "bergsrygg"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "rygg"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "dağ silsilesi"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "chain of mountains",
      "word": "koyani"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "serra"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hřeben"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "heuvelkam"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "heuvelrug"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "altaĵaro"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "seljak"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "seljandik"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "selkä"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "serra"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "deirás",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "δειράς"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "taupae"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "hiwi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "miki"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "kahiwi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "taukahiwi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "tuahiwi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "word": "tūtūātanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rygg"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "åsrygg"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "åskam"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "åskam"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Launtrigjen"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pasmo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "serro"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "serra"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "górnyj xrebét",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "го́рный хребе́т"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "górnaja cepʹ",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "го́рная цепь"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "ås"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "chain of hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gedug (diq)"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "hrebet",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хребет"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "oceánský hřbet"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "word": "zeerug"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "word": "keskiselänne"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dorsale"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dorsale"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rygg"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "grzbiet"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "word": "dorsal oceânica"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "okeaníčeskij xrebét",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "океани́ческий хребе́т"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xrebét",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хребе́т"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dorsal"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dorsal oceánica"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "elevation on ocean bottom",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "rygg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ridge"
  ],
  "word": "ridge"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Requests for review of German translations",
    "Requests for review of Ido translations",
    "Requests for review of Irish translations",
    "Requests for review of Italian translations",
    "Requests for review of Korean translations",
    "Requests for review of Telugu translations",
    "en:Landforms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "ridging hoe"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rigge"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rigge",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rygge"
      },
      "expansion": "rygge",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rig"
      },
      "expansion": "rig",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ryg"
      },
      "expansion": "ryg",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "rug"
      },
      "expansion": "rug",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hryċġ",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge, elevated surface"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hrugi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrugi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrugjaz",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)krewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*(s)ker-",
        "t": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "*(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rig",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "reg",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian reg (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "rêch",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian rêch (“back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rug",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch rug (“back, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Rücken",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "German Rücken (“back, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rygg",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hryggur",
        "t": "spine"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hryggur (“spine”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kërrus",
        "t": "to bend one's back"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kurriz",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "kurriz (“back”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).\nCognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ridges",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ridging",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ridged",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ridged",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ridge (third-person singular simple present ridges, present participle ridging, simple past and past participle ridged)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "Rhodesian Ridgeback"
    },
    {
      "word": "crest"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To form into a ridge"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "form",
          "form"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To form into a ridge"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To extend in ridges"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "extend",
          "extend"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) To extend in ridges"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɹɪd͡ʒ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪd͡ʒ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-ridge.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-ridge.ogg/En-us-ridge.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-ridge.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "rĭj"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "rig"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ridge"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.